ÿþ Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdullah T0RG0L Author-Name: Fatih Cemil ÖZBUDAY Title: Does Public Health Insurance Provide Financial Protection Against Out-Of-Pocket Health Payments? Evidence from Turkey Abstract: Turkey hasinitiated comprehensive reformsto increase equity among its citizensfor healthcare financing, access to health services, and health outcomes. A significant change in this process was expanding the benefits package for the non-contributory public health insurance for low-income households. This study examines the impact of the public insurance expansion on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures for the poor. We find that public insurance helped the beneficiaries not spend a sizeable portion of their income to get medical treatment. Overall, the public insurance program provided financial protection for the poor households by decreasing out-of-pocket health expenditures. Classification-JEL: I13, I18. Keywords: Non-Contributory Health Insurance, Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditures, Vertical Equity, Middle-Income Countries, Turkey. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/787958 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asiye TÜTÜNCÜ Author-Name: Burak ^AH0NGÖZ Title: Arms Race Between Turkey and Greece: Time-Varying Causality Analysis Abstract: An arms race is the dynamic process followed by states in the acquisition of weapons. An arms race requires mutual military expenditures during this process to support the arms race hypothesis among states. This study elaborated on the arms race hypothesis between Turkey and Greece for the period 1960-2016 with the help of time-varying causality testing as well as bootstrap causality testing and asymmetric causality testing. The bootstrap causality test results proved that there is a unidirectional causality relation between Greece s defense expenditures and Turkey s defense expenditures, whereas the asymmetric causality testing results proved that a mutual relationship exists between the two states defense expenditures. Further, according to the time-varying causality testing results, the presence of an arms race can be confirmed between the two countries for the periods 1975- 1990 and 2000-2014. Classification-JEL: H56, C22. Keywords: Arms Race, Military Expenditures, Asymmetric Causality, TimeVarying Causality. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/787999 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saffet AKDA Author-Name: Ali DERAN Author-Name: Ömer 0SKENDEROLU Title: Is PMI a Leading Indicator: Case of Turkey Abstract: In this study, the causal relationships of the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) with various financial factors are examined. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the change in the Istanbul-Stock-Exchange-Industry Index (ISEIND) causes the change in the PMI and the changes in the PMI also causes the changes in the Industrial-Production Index (IPI) and the Capacity-UtilizationRates (CUR). It is also determined that the causality towards to PMI from the ISEIND and causality towards IPI from PMI is valid in the medium- and long-run, whereas the causality towards PMI to CUR are valid for the all periods. According to these results, PMI can be considered as a leading indicator for the real sector. However, the same result does not apply to the financial sector. Classification-JEL: C32, E27, G20. Keywords: Purchasing Manager s Index, Istanbul Stock Exchange Industry Index, Industrial Production Index, Capacity Utilization Rates, Granger Casuality, Frequency Domain Causality. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/797429 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Çetin ÇEL0K Title: The Performance of Education System in Different Welfare Regimes in School to Work Transitions: Denmark, France, Spain, Greece, and Turkey Abstract: School systems and their links with the labor market play an important role in students success or failure and, consequently, facilitate (or not) their later access to the labor market. This article presents a comparison of the effects of different welfare regimes on school to work transitions. By drawing on an intense desk study and secondary analysis, the article examines five countries with different welfare regime types and reveals how they shape schooling and school to work transitions, particularly for disadvantaged groups. These countries are Denmark (universalistic regime), France (employment-centered regime), Spain, Greece, and Turkey (sub-protective regime). The article also addresses potential policy transfers in the findings. Classification-JEL: I240, I250, I280. Keywords: School Systems, Welfare State Typologies, School to Work. Transitions, Education Policies. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/762154 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musa BAYIR Title: The Role of House Prices in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Abstract: Housing markets have an essential role in the process leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. The problems in the housing markets started with monetary tightening. These developments revealed the importance of the relationship between monetary policy, housing markets, and the real sector. Besides, the role of housing prices in the monetary transmission mechanism has begun to examine. In this context, the paper aims to investigate the role of housing prices in the monetary transmission mechanism in the Turkish economy empirically. The analysis method of the study is Structural VAR. The analysis period is 2011:1-2019:4. According to the results of the analysis, monetary policy affects housing prices. However, housing prices have no impact on consumption and housing investment. When these two situations evaluated together, housing prices have no role in the monetary transmission mechanism. On the other hand, the analyses indicate that the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey closely followed the housing prices. In this framework, it reacts rapidly to the appropriate policy response. Classification-JEL: E52, R31, C22. Keywords: House Prices, Monetary Transmission Mechanism, Structural VAR. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/707330 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serap TA^KAYA Title: Impact of the Provinces Gross Domestic Product Per Capita on the Better Life Index: An Analysis at the Level of Provinces Abstract: Recent studies on determining the impact of income on quality of life, better living level and life satisfaction suggest that the use of Gross Domestic Product per capita should be treated with suspicion. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the better life index level and the Gross Domestic Product per capita of the provinces. In order to achieve this objective, the data used in the research was obtained from the Turkey Statistical Institute database and analyses were performed with SPSS 17. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, it was concluded that as the per capita income levels of the provinces increased, better living level index values improved. Classification-JEL: I31, I38, E10. Keywords: Better Life Index, GDP Per Capita, Middle or Higher Income Groups, Savings Deposit Rate, Provinces. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/822136 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ufuk GERGERL0OLU Author-Name: Deniz AYTAÇ Author-Name: Mete D0BO Title: Structural Equation Modelling for Premium and Tax Perception of Retired and Employees: Istanbul Example Abstract: Tax perception is defined as a concept that affects tax consciousness and the attitudes of the individuals regarding the tax. In this context, many studies are available in the public finance literature. On the other hand, due to the similarity with taxes, there are few studies on how the social security premium can reveal a relationship with the tax perception. It is essential how these perceptions can generate results in terms of retirees and employees. This situation constitutes the motivation for the study. The study aims to reveal the differences in the tax and premium perceptions regarding young employees in the age range of 18-35 and retirees. In order to determine this difference, test results within the scope of structural equation modeling were considered. The use of the tests regarding structural equation models that provide more reliable results than parametric or nonparametric tests contributes to the public finance literature. According to the results of this study, the effect level concerning employees perceptions of premiums on their tax perceptions may be higher than that of retirees. Classification-JEL: H26, H29, C30. Keywords: Structural Equation Modelling, Premium Perception, Tax Perception, Istanbul, Retired, Employee. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/685493 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murat AYKIRI Title: The Effect of Oil Prices Mobility on Basic Macroeconomic Indicators Abstract: In this study, it has been aimed to determine the effect of oil prices on basic macroeconomic indicators econometrically by using the monthly data of the Turkish economy of the 2007-2018 period. Johansen Cointegration method has been used to determine the long-term relationship, and FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR methods have been used to calculate the long-term coefficients. According to the empirical results, oil price mobility is cointegrated with the main macroeconomic indicators in the long run, and have a positive effect on the interest rate, inflation, industrial production index, real effective exchange rate and employment and a negative effect on the current account deficit. Classification-JEL: Q43, F62, C19. Keywords: Oil Prices, Macroeconomic Indicators, Cointegration. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/809542 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Serhat ULUDA Author-Name: Asiye Öznur ÜM0T Title: An Analysis of Value-Added Production and Macroeconomic Performances of the Turkic Countries via DEMATEL and COPRAS Methods Abstract: In this study, the macroeconomic and value-added production performances of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkey between 2008 and 2016 are analyzed with DEMATEL and COPRAS methods. The results show that Turkey and Turkmenistan displayed the best macroeconomic and worst value-added production performances, however, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan are ranked below Turkey and Turkmenistan in terms of macroeconomic performances although they show much better value-added production performances than these two countries. This indicates that Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan cannot utilize their income efficiently, while Turkey and Turkmenistan better utilize their income that they generate through nonproduction fields of activity. Classification-JEL: D81, M11, N15, O11. Keywords: Value-Added Production, Macroeconomics Performance, DEMATEL, COPRAS, Turkic Countries. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/829102 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200309 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P1nar ÇUHADAR Author-Name: Ömer DORU Title: Institutions and International Trade Linkages: An Investigation with Panel Data Analysis on Transition Economies Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of governance indicator as a measure of institutional quality on international trade over transitions economies for the period 1996-2016. The relationship between institutions and exports and total international trade has been evaluated according to cointegration tests with and without structural breaks. As a result of the empirical analysis, cointegration relationship is determined between the variables in tests that did not consider structural breaks. When the relationship of the exports of goods with the governance indicators is analyzed by CCE and the Baltic countries and the CIS separately, a significant positive relation is found between the export level of goods and the governance indicators of CEE and Baltic States. Classification-JEL: O17, F49, C33. Keywords: Institutions, International Trade, Panel Data. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/715268 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200310 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: 0smail GÜNE^ Title: Success Factors which Affecting Participatory Budgeting: A Case Study on New York Abstract: After over 2 decades of military dictatorship Brazil became a democracy in 1988. The Participatory Budget was formally introduced in Porto Alegre under the leadership of the Workers Party in coalition with pro-democracy social movements. Interest in participatory budgeting is continuing to grow. Participatory Budgeting has now been instituted in over 1500 cities worldwide. In this study it has been aimed to introduce the basic criteria of participatory budgeting and to examine the factors affecting success in participatory budgeting. The sample of New York City, which is highly compatible with the factors we are dealing with, is analysed and the participatory budgeting process and its results are analysed. Classification-JEL: H61, H72, H77, H83. Keywords: Participatory Budgeting, Good Governance, New York, Porto Alegre, Participatory Democracy, Budget. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1037200 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200311 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa TAYTAK Author-Name: Murat AYDIN Title: Efficiency in Internal Auditing: A Study of Turkish Public Administration Abstract: With the development of the modern state approach, rational use of public resources has become particularly important for public institutions. In this context, the terms efficient, economical, and productive are considered important instruments in the effectiveness of public institutions. One of the necessary elements in the effectiveness of public institutions is the presence of an effective system of internal audit. The effectiveness of internal auditing generally depends on the existence of elements such as independence and impartiality of internal audits. In this study, internal audit perceptions of public servants who have financial responsibility were measured. Furthermore, the impact levels of elements that are effective in internal auditing were analyzed using the  Structural Equation Model. This model showed that the high level of perception of value added to internal auditing is the most important factor affecting effective internal audits. Classification-JEL: H61, H83, M42. Keywords: Internal Audit, Public Administration, Internal Audit System, International Internal Audit Standards, Structural Equation Modelling. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/672765 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200312 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hayriye AT0K Author-Name: Fatma ÜNLÜ Title: Industry 4.0-Related Digital Divide in Enterprises: An Analysis for The European Union-28 Abstract: Digital divide has been measured using various indicators in the literature so far. In contrast from the literature, this paper addresses the digital divide within European Union member states according to Industry 4.0-related indicators that have been used for the first time in empirical literature. While Finland, the UK and Germany are among the countries with economic development levels above the EU average, Cyprus, Bulgaria, and Romania are among the countries that are below the Union average in terms of Industry 4.0-related development. It is clear that an Industry 4.0-related digital divide is observable within EU member countries. The European Union should try to decrease the digital gap between member countries by developing and supporting special Industry 4.0 policies, especially for members below the EU average. Therefore, the results of this article will help policy makers in the EU and in member countries. Classification-JEL: C380, C390, O140, O330, O520, O570. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Digital Divide, Digital Agenda, Digital Development, European Union, Factor Analysis. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/835260 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200313 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ^ule GÜNDÜZ Author-Name: Seçkin YILDIRIM Author-Name: Mübeccel Banu DURUKAN Title:An Investigation of the Factors Affecting Inflation Perceptions: A Case Study on Business and Economics Undergraduate Students Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors behind the inflation perceptions of undergraduate students of economics and business. Factors, such as education in economics, sociodemographic conditions, cognitive abilities, financial situation and consumption habits are investigated. The empirical evidence suggests that economics students on the average estimate a higher level of inflation than the official rate however their perceptions are closer to actual rates compared to the other students. The findings reveal that economic literacy, financial situation, gender, and the degree of trust regarding official measures of inflation, and purchase frequency of goods also influence inflation perceptions significantly. Classification-JEL: E31, E52, E71. Keywords: Inflation Perception, Monetary Policy, Behavioural Economics. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/840287 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200314 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Onur YEN0 Author-Name: Zeynep YENER-GÖK Author-Name: Özgür TEOMAN Title: Irrigation Systems Transformation in Cotton Production in the Harran District, Turkey: Implications of an Agent-Based Model Abstract: Agricultural water use for irrigation in Turkey is higher than OECD averages. The main reason for this is the widespread use of surface irrigation methods. Since Turkey is not a water-rich country, high agricultural water use can be considered as a serious sustainability problem. Cotton, as an industrial crop, keeps its importance in Turkey in terms of its added value and foreign exchange inflow it provides directly and indirectly. This study scrutinizes the transformation of existing irrigation systems in Harran district by employing an agent-based model and also calculates the amount of areabased irrigation support required to ensure this transformation. Classification-JEL: C63, Q15, Q25. Keywords: Cotton Production, Sustainable Water Use, Agent-Based Modelling, Agricultural Supports. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/751309 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200315 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sedat POLAT Title: Bibliometric Analysis of the Articles Published in Journal of Sosyoekonomi: The Period of 2005-2019 Abstract: The purpose of this study is to create a bibliometric profile of the articles published between 2005-2019 in Sosyoekonomi Journal. In this context, 481 articles which published in the journal between the specified years have been examined using bibliometric analysis which is one of the qualitative research methods. The fundamental issues discussed in the scope of the study consist of article analysis, author and institution analysis, subject analysis and citation analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that English was used extensively in the language of publication and bibliography. In recent years, empirical studies have been observed to be more preponderant than theoretical studies. There is a continuous increase in the number of citations compared to years; it has been found that the amount of citations has reached significant levels especially in recent years. In addition to academics, it has seen that the staff working in various institutions and organization except of universities also contributes to the journal. The distribution of authors contributing to the journal did not accord with Lotka, Price and Pareto laws. The Impact Factor and Immediacy Index of the journal increase regularly. Tax, economic growth and public policies are main topics the matter in hand in the articles. Classification-JEL: C25, C89, Y10. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, Journal of Sosyoekonomi. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/850551 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200316 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Akif KARA Title: Testing the Hypothesis of Export-Oriented Growth at the Regional Level in Turkey Abstract: In order to test the export-driven growth hypothesis that exports are a key element in explaining economic growth, there are applied studies based on various methods for various countries, but this study draws attention to the differences in the results. However, the majority of these studies are at the national level. In this study aimed at testing the export-driven growth hypothesis in Turkey's economy at the regional level, the 2004-2017 Level 2 data were estimated with the System-GMM method. According to the results of the study, regional export contributes positively to regional income, and this hypothesis is supported at the regional level in Turkey. Classification-JEL: F13, F14, R11, C33. Keywords: Export, Regional Growth, System-GMM. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/854716 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200317 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gürkan BOZMA Author-Name: Sinan KUL Title: Can Twitter Forecast Uncertainty of Stocks? Abstract: Academic studies have shown that there is a relationship between emotional analysis results of tweets and stock price movements, and then stock prices can be estimated using this relationship. In this study, in which the effect of tweets on the volatility of the stock is estimated, the volatility scores and the emotion scores between the stocks were also revealed. In the scope of the study, sentiment analysis with Naive Bayes was performed on Turkish tweets shared by three phone companies (Alcatel, Turkcell and Vestel) which are in Borsa Istanbul and whose products are sold in Turkey. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that sentiment scores obtained for Turkcell and Vestel significantly increased Alcatel's conditional variance statistically. Classification-JEL: C11, C32, D91. Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, Turkish Tweet, Natural Language Processing, Data Mining, Text Mining, Stock Market Prediction, Machine Learning, Naive Bayes, BEKK-GARCH-X. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/835138 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200318 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uur SAD0OLU Author-Name: Sencer ALTAY Title: The Reflections of Post-Fordism on Public Administration Abstract: After 1970s, the working order of public institutions was affected by Post-Fordism therefore horizontal and flexible business relations started to strengthen in the public sector. The Post-Fordist transformation, in which the state's productive role develops as a regulator, designs the state in accordance with the governance mechanism, weakens the social welfare state by diverting production from the demand, and creates a state model that deals with supply-side problems, competition and innovative capacity. In this study, by using the literature review method, the effects of Post-Fordist production style on business life, public services, social welfare state, development policies, structure of public administration and public employment is analysed. As a result, in the new Post-Fordist era, the principles of flexibility, decentralization, multi-actorism and participation have come to the fore in public administration at macro and micromanagement levels. Classification-JEL: H70, D73, H83. Keywords: Fordism, Post-Fordism, Public Administration, Reform. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/885231 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200319 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ouzhan ERDOAN Title: Recall Mechanism: Implications of International Representative to Turkey Abstract: Efforts are underway to ensure that citizens are more active in public administration for accountable, participatory and transparent management through the supervision of local authorities and public officials. The recall mechanism, which connects elected officials to voters and helps neutralize anger and resentment to elected officials who do not respond to the needs of citizens, is found in many countries today. Recall is used as an important tool for covering the flaws of democracy and ensuring public participation as a mechanism that ensures that public officials, elected officials and/or bodies who are dissatisfied with their work or do not fulfill the promises made during the election process are dismissed by a certain percentage of citizens before their normal term of office expires. In this study, after giving the theoretical information about the right of recall, recall practices in different countries of the world will be examined. Besides Turkic tenth place in the political life and Rural Development Plan Draft Law on the recall mechanism began to be discussed will be examined and applicability in Turkey will be discussed. Classification-JEL: H7, H70, H74, H79. Keywords: Recall, Local Governments, Participation, Democracy, Public Administration. Issue: 28(45) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/882751 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200320 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asl1 ERM0^-MERT Title: A Multivariate Investigation of Overall Happiness, Job Satisfaction and Income Satisfaction of Women and Men in Turkey Abstract: This paper examines the factors affecting working women s and men s overall happiness, job satisfaction and income satisfaction levels and the association between these three measures of happiness. Women and men who are satisfied with their workplace relations relative to those who are not are more likely to report that they are satisfied or very satisfied with their life, job and income. Women s job and income satisfaction and men s all three means of happiness are more likely to be high for those who received a pay rise last year. The strongest correlation is observed between job satisfaction and income satisfaction for both genders, which is slightly stronger for women that challenges the arguments on women s financial motivation to be not as strong as men at work. Spillover hypothesis is confirmed in all pairwise combination of the three happiness measures according to findings. Classification-JEL: C3, I31, J28. Keywords: Gender and Employment, Happiness, Job Satisfaction, Pay Satisfaction, Multivariate Probit Regression Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1059801 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asiye TÜTÜNCÜ Title: The Effect of Democracy on Economic Growth in Developing Countries Abstract: The factors effecting economic growth of countries have changed after globalization movements began. Various studies showed that the effects of economic factors have remained insufficient in explaining economic growth and suggested the democracy level as a new explanatory varible in growth studies. In relation to growth-democracy nexus, this study aims at exploring the effect of democracy on economic growth in developing countries for 1992-2017 using Kónya (2006) panel causality test. According to results, the effect of democracy on economic growth is negative in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Indonesia, Armenia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, Chile and Turkey; the effect of democracy on economic growth is positive in China, Georgia, Hungary, Macedonia, Egypt, Romania and Russia. Finally, no relationship between democracy and economic growth has been found in Azerbaijan, South Africa, India, Paraguay and Ukraine. Classification-JEL: D72, O1, C23. Keywords: Democracy, Economic Growth, Kónya (2006) Panel Causality Test. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1059860 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Onur ÖZDEM0R Title: Revisiting the Finance-Growth Nexus in Turkey: Bayer-Hanck Combined Cointegration Approach over the 1970-2016 Period. Abstract: This study revisits the finance-growth nexus in Turkey for the period between 1970 and 2016. The econometric analysis is based on the Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration test to examine whether the cointegration exists or not between the related variables. The results of the Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration test show that there is no cointegration between financial development and economic growth even in the control of other variables such as economic globalization and technological progress. The estimation results also reveal that the long-run linkage is not prevailing between the variables. In other words, it can be argued that financial development does not contribute to the economic growth process by way of higher levels of economic globalization and technological progress in the long-run. Classification-JEL: F3, F6, O3. Keywords: Financial Development, Economic Growth, Economic Globalization, Technological Progress, Bayer-Hanck Combined Cointegration Test. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060060 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salih ÖZTÜRK Author-Name: Selin SAYGIN Title: The Relationship between Real Per Capita Income, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions Under Structural Break in Turkey for the Period of 1974-2016 Abstract: The study aims at examining possible relationships between real per capita income, foreign direct investment, trade openness and carbon emissions in Turkey for the period 1974-2016. Along with unit root test that takes into account the structural break, ARDL bounds test and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests are utilized to analyze the relationships. Findings indicate that all variables have a positive effect on carbon emissions in the long run. Foreign direct investment having positive effect on carbon emissions evidences the validity of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Turkey. The causality test results reveal bidirectional causality relationships between all variables and carbon emissions. Classification-JEL: C32, Q50, Q53, Q56. Keywords: Carbon Emissions, ARDL Bounds Test, Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060091 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seren SAVACI Author-Name: Ay_e Dilek SEYMEN Title: The Effect of International Trade on Employment in Turkey Abstract: The final goods export and import analyses for employment explains the relationship between international trade and employment in a limited way; because a significant part of international trade occurs within international production chains. The international trade structure is based on international production chains, so the effects of international trade on employment are complicated. In addition to the effect on employment of exports and imports; the import content of exports, the export content of imports and the intermediates within imports from a third country have to be considered. The aim of this paper is to reveal the effect of international trade on employment in Turkey through five components, using the World Input Output Table (WIOT) for 2014. The methods proposed in Stehrer et al. (2012) and Xiang (2013) were used to decompose the employment effect of the international trade of Turkey by trading partner and sector. The analysis shows that in 2014, exports led to a demand for about three million jobs in Turkey. International trade in textiles had the highest employment demand, both in Turkey and abroad at the same time. With regard to the analysis by country; international trade with China, India and Indonesia created more employment in those countries than in Turkey. Classification-JEL: F16, F66. Keywords: International Production, Employment, WIOD. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060109 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeynep Burcu BULUT-ÇEV0K Title: Fiscal Decentralization with a Redistribution Rule vs. Fiscal Centralization Abstract: This paper comparesthe case of fiscal decentralization (FD) with an intergovernmental transfer rule to the case of fiscal centralization (FC) from a theoretical perspective while focusing on Markovperfect Nash equilibrium by a continuum of citizens, local governments and a central government, which interact strategically. Simulation analysis shows that both the degree of spillovers and capital mobility play a role in the comparison of these two cases. In the presence of spillovers, the welfare of FD case is higher than the one of FC which is an unexpected result but points out the positive effect of a redistribution rule in FD model in terms of welfare. On the other hand, the growth rate of FD is lower than the FC case when there are spillovers. So, fiscal discipline, provided by the redistribution rule, prevents inefficiently low tax rates which pull down the growth rate. In addition, when spillovers are not allowed, capital mobility determines which case is superior. Classification-JEL: H77, H23, O41, C63, C72. Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Fiscal Centralization, Intergovernmental Transfer/ Redistribution Rule, Welfare, Capital Mobility. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060127 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Nasih TA Author-Name: Duygu HIDIROLU Title: The Playing Field of Innovative Entrepreneurship: A Multilevel Analysis of Institutional Effects on Female Entrepreneurship Abstract: The low level of female participation among entrepreneurs is usually attributed to the inequality of opportunities between males and females. Thus, female entrepreneurship is argued to increase on a level playing field. Assuming that a country s institutional environment shapes the playing field for entrepreneurship, this study attempts to investigate the effect of the institutional framework on the rate of early-stage innovative entrepreneurship by women. We develop a framework that relates innovative entrepreneurship to gender through four institutional variables: (i) Government support for entrepreneurship, (ii) entrepreneurial finance, (iii) commercial infrastructure and (iv) support for female entrepreneurship. We test this framework by analyzing a large sample of survey data from 93 countries using the mixed-effect logistic regression. The regression results are largely consistent with the framework constructed. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of the institutional environment in creating a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem, and in enhancing female participation in entrepreneurial activities. Classification-JEL: M13, O31, D02, D73, J16. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Equal Opportunity, Institutions, Innovative Entrepreneurship, Multi-Level Analysis. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060148 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferhat PEHL0VANOLU Author-Name: Muhammet R1dvan 0NCE Title: Long Term Analysis of Intersectoral Interdependence of Turkey s Economy with Input Output Analysis Approach Abstract: In this study; Turkey s economic transformation between 1970 and 2012 was examined by means of an input-output model. The economy was divided into 10 sectors in the analysis to maintain consistency over all historical input-output tables. As a result of the analysis, the sector with the highest forward and backward linkage effects has been identified as intermediate goods producing industries. The analysis shows that Turkey s economy has transformed to an industry-based economy from agriculture-based economy. However, it is clear that economic transformation should continue for a more developed economy. In particular, products with high added value need to be focused in production. Classification-JEL: D57, D51, O21, O25, H54. Keywords: Input Output Analysis, Turkey s Economy, Forward-Backward Linkage Indices. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060157 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tuba NUR-TOPALOLU Author-Name: 0lhan EGE Title: The Effect of Investor Attention on Equity Markets: Panel Data Analysis on Banks Traded on Borsa Istanbul Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between investor s attention measured by SVI (Google Search Volume Index) and both stock return and trading volume of the banks listed in Borsa 0stanbul for the period 2010-2018. For this purpose, together with  bank name stock ,  bank name stock market ,  banks BIST code keyword search volumes,  Total GAT which is the sum of the each independent search volume index has been taken as independent variables while stock returns and trading volume are used as dependent variables. As a result of the panel data analysis, a statistically significant and positive relationship has been found between stock return and the  banks BIST code , while no significant relationship has been found between other independent variables and the stock return. In addition, while there exists a statistically significant and positive relationship between each of the independent variables namely  bank name stock market ,  banks BIST code ,  total GAT and our other dependent variable, trading volume, there is no statistically significant relationship between  bank name stock variable and trading volume. The results of this research are generally supported by Merton (1987) Investor Recognition Hypothesis and Barber and Odean (2008) Price Pressure Hypothesis. Classification-JEL: C33, G2, G21. Keywords: Investor Attention, Google Search Trends, Equity Market. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060175 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Semih ^EN Author-Name: Mircan TOKATLIOLU Title: Contingent Liabilities as a Risk Factor in Public Finance: The Case of Turkey Abstract: One of the conditions for governments to sustain public finance in a healthy way is to analyze and minimize the possible risks that may arise in the future. In this context, the upward trend in contingent liabilities seen in many countries in recent years has become one of the major risk factors to be considered and monitored. The increase in contingent liabilities has the potential to lead to an increase in public debt and public deficits, as well as the potential for fiscal transparency and moral hazard in the public sector. In this study, the aim is to analyze Turkey's contingent liabilities for the period 1990-2018. The study shows that contingent liabilities has increased in recent years in Turkey. It can be said that this increase is a risk to fiscal stability of Turkey. Another result is that there are important problems, including especially the fiscal transparency, in the management of contingent liabilities. Classification-JEL: H63, H68, H74. Keywords: Contingent Liabilities, Public Guarantees, Treasury Guarantees, Public Private Partnerships. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060184 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miraç Fatih 0LGÜN Title: Industry 4.0 and Transformation in Public Finance: An Assessment by Government Expenditures Abstract: The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) offers a great potential for the transformation of economies and societies. Governments are responsible not only for keeping pace with Industry 4.0 and its underlying technologies, but also for managing this transformation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of this phenomenon on public finance in terms of decision making process in public policy and amount and composition of government expenditures. In the light of the assessments based on early stages of the industrial revolution and the distinctive features of the new era, it has been concluded that the phenomenon of Industry 4.0 will have a decreasing effect on the ratio of current expenditures in total government expenditures, an increase effect in the share of social and economic transfer expenditures, and the potential to change the composition of investment expenditures according to economic classification of government expenditures. Classification-JEL: O14, H50, E61. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Big Data, Government Expenditures, Public Finance Management. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060188 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gökçe MANAVGAT Author-Name: Ayhan DEM0RC0 Title: Decentralization Matter of Healthcare and Effect on Regional Healthcare Efficiency: Evidence from Turkey Abstract: The aim of the current study is to examine the impact of regional decentralization model on the performance of public healthcare services in Turkey. The efficiency of public hospitals has been determined by the type of healthcare services,  general healthcare and  oral-dental healthcare , with Data Envelopment Analysis at the level of 81 provinces (NUTS-3) for 2014 and 2017. By continuing the transition to decentralization in public health services, the possible effects on the regional health level were analyzed. Notably, this study employed conducted a two-dimensional analysis. First, public hospital performance at province level was determined. Second, it was investigated whether the decentralization of health services had a significant effect on the efficiency of bordering (contiguity) provinces, a measure taht captures spillover effects between performance scores. The results indicate that the efficiency scores of 81 province hospitals differ significantly according to the provision of service patterns. Moreover, the relative efficiency score in 2017 is found to be higher when compared 2014, which is the year that signifies the beginning of the decentralization shift in healthcare services in Turkey. Furthermore, there is a positive spatial spillover between public hospitals based on two types of hospital services. This means that the hospital efficiency in the contiguous province has an effect of increasing the efficiency score of the region. This suggests that the decentralization model in public health services may have the potential to create a positive impact on the general health level in the future if supported by progressive economic and health policies for developing countries such as Turkey. Classification-JEL: C14, I15, I18 Keywords: Efficiency, DEA, Public Healthcare, Public Hospitals, Spillover Effect, Decentralization. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1060195 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naib ALAKBAROV Author-Name: Utku UTKULU Title: Asymmetries and Macroeconomic Shocks: The Pre-Crisis Period and Evidence for Europe Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to discover the underlying structure of the debt crisis and examine the cross-country differences by analyzing the asymmetric supply and demand shocks for the member and candidate countries of the European Union for the pre-crisis period. Following the path of Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1993, 1997) and Blanchard and Quah (1989), the calculations show us that Greece has the largest supply shocks, while Turkey has the largest demand shocks. By looking at the impulse response functions associated with the SVARs, it is clear that Greece has the lowest adjustment speed to demand disturbances followed by the United Kingdom. Those countries which experienced debt crises in the EMU, seemed to have big supply and demand shocks and compared to other member countries the adjustment speed of their economies to these shocks are slower. Classification-JEL: O52, F15, F42, G01, C32, C51. Keywords: Supply and Demand Shocks, Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Shocks, Adjustment Speeds, the EMU, Optimum Currency Area, Structural VAR (SVAR). Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061363 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazl1 KEY0FL0 Author-Name: Sacit Hadi AKDEDE Title: Political Polarization and Size of Government Abstract: In this study, it empirically examines the impact of economic and political determinants on the economic size of the government. Political polarization is taken as the variable of interest, along with other control variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Ordinary Least Squares and Second Stage Least Squares methods. The scope of the paper includes 61 countries, and the time interval is between 1990 and 2015. The results of the regression analysis show that the share of public consumption spending in national income in countries where political polarization is high is declining. In addition, the increase in levels of ethnic fracturalization, democracy and government fractionalization has an increasing effect on the share of public consumption spending in national income. The study provides descriptive linkages among findings. Classification-JEL: H10, H50, P16. Keywords: Size of Government, Political Polarization, Ethnic Fracturalization. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061389 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200214 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ay_e ATILGAN-YA^A Author-Name: Selim ^ANLISOY Author-Name: Ahmet ÖZEN Title: The Relationship Between Political Instability and Budget Consistency: 1984- 2018 Period Analysis in Turkey Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between the political instability and the consistency of the budget in line with the deviations between the government budget revenue and expenditure estimates and their realizations in Turkey. In other words, the study evaluated the consistency of the objectives in the budget documents, the performance audit and the effects of the political instability on the budget. To what extent political instability affacts the budget estimates and its realization in Turkey has been examined using the ARDL method with data for the 1984-2018 period. It was found that the structural change in the budget system realized in 2006 had a positive effect on the achievement of budget targets. As a result of this study, suggestions for improving the consistency of forecasts and solutions for problems that may be caused by political instability were developed. Classification-JEL: H60, H61, E61, P16, C50. Keywords: Budget, Budgetary Principles, Consistency, Political Instability, ARDL. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061398 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200215 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatih KARASAÇ Title: Efficiency Analysis of Turkish Higher Education Institutions: Stochastic Frontier Model Abstract: Estimates of the efficiency of higher education institutions have become a central field of research in the literature of efficiency analysis, especially in the last two decades. In Turkey, the number of studies on the efficiency of higher education institutions have increased in this period. Almost all of the measurements of the efficiency of higher education institutions in Turkey have been made using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique. Alternatively, the use of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), which is a parametric method of efficiency, has remained quite rare. This study examines the cost efficiency of 91 state and 25 foundation universities operating in Turkey for five years covering 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 by using the SFA method. The analysis has been performed through cost function of a Cobb-Douglass form. The SFA estimation rusults show that the performance of higher education institutions is quite scattered between 50% and 90%. Classification-JEL: D61, I23, G32. Keywords: Cost Efficiency in Higher Education, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Turkish Higher Education Institutions, Financing of Higher Education. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061409 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200216 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koray TUAN Author-Name: Metin BORAK Title: Earnings Management and Financial Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the Istanbul Stock Exchange Abstract: Following large-scale accounting scandals in capital markets, earnings management practices of companies have become an issue that should be taken into consideration especially in developing economies seeking to attract foreign investors. This empirical study aims to determine the relationship between earnings management practices and company s financial performance. For this purpose, 1928 firm-year data obtained from non-financial corporations listed on Borsa Istanbul between 2010 and 2017 are analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that companies apply to earnings management practices. The findings also support a positive relationship between earnings management practices and the financial performance of companies. Classification-JEL: M20, M21, M41. Keywords: Earnings Management, Accruals, Financial Performance. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061428 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200217 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veli YILANCI Author-Name: Esra CANPOLAT-GÖKÇE Title: Testing the Convergence Hypothesis for OECD Countries: RALS Panel Fourier SURADF Unit Root Test Abstract: The main aim of this study is to improve the SURADF panel unit root test of Breur et al. (2001) by considering structural breaks and the knowledge of non-normal distrubited residuals. Chang et al. (2012) introduce a new panel unit root test by allowing smooth structural breaks in SURADF test process. In this study, we also take into account of the information of the residuals that are nonnormally distrubited. We test the validity of stochastic convergence among 18 OECD countries using this newly suggested test and find supportive evidence of convergence for only seven countries. Classification-JEL: C23, F15. Keywords: Panel, Unit Root, SUR-ADF, Fourier, RALS. Issue: 28(44) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1061433 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200218 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nurgül EVC0M Author-Name: Sevcan GÜNE^ Author-Name: Hacer Simay KARAALP-ORHAN Title: Factors Influencing the Household Relative Poverty in Turkey: Logistic Regression Analysis Abstract: This study investigates the factors that determine the relative household poverty which prevents the growth of social welfare in Turkey. For this purpose, Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkstat) (2017) Income and Living Conditions micro dataset was used. The poverty line was calculated by using 60% of the household median income. In the binary logistic regression analysis, poor and non-poor shares of population was determined according to the poverty line and used as the dependent variables. Household demographic characteristics, labour market conditions and geographical characteristics were employed as explanatory variables. The estimation results indicate that education, age, formal employment, and employment in industry sector decreases relative household poverty. On the contrary, unemployment, causal employee, marriage and household size increase the risk of household poverty. Classification-JEL: C01, I30, I32, P36, R20. Keywords: Turkey, Household Poverty, Income and Living Conditions Survey Micro Data Set, Binary Logistic Regression. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/936908 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Süleyman KASAL Author-Name: Özay ÖZPENÇE Title: A Fiscal Space Analysis In Terms Of Turkey s Domestic Debt Abstract: Restrictions on the use of fiscal policies due to high levels of public debt have affected the fiscal spaces of many countries. In consequence, these countries had to adopt structural economic reforms to create a fiscal space. Fiscal policies adopted in the 2000s has created different results in Turkey than they did in other developing countries. These policies subsequently yielded huge reductions in budget deficits, public debt ratios and interest payments, which have enabled Turkey to create the fiscal space needed. Within this framework, after providing a definition for fiscal space, we calculated Turkish fiscal space for the period between 2000:Q1-2015:Q4. Our estimates suggest that although there is ample fiscal space for Turkey to use fiscal policies, increasing public debt might restrain using such policies and cause fiscal fatigue. Classification-JEL: E60, E62, H60, H63. Keywords: Fiscal Space, Fiscal Fatigue, Fiscal Reaction Function, Debt Limit, Turkey. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/936916 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burçak Müge TUNAER-VURAL Title: Impact of Syrian Forced Migration on Turkish Economy Abstract: The purpose of this research is to analyse the economic impact of Syrian forced migration on Turkish economy. In order to assess the response of macroeconomic variables to the influx of Syrian refugees, we resort to Difference-in-Differences method. We compare Turkish provinces on the basis of three macroeconomic indicators -unemployment, inflation, and production- before and after forced migration occurred. We find that forced migration increased inflation and production significantly. In particular, housing prices rise considerably with Syrian migration. We estimate that 1% rise in migrant population raises both inflation and production by more than 1%. We find statistically insignificant coefficients for unemployment. In addition, impact of forced migration displays regional differences. Regions with clustered industrial production are affected positively by the influx of Syrian migrants. Despite positive impact on industry clusters, findings indicate some deterioration of macroeconomic indicators of rural sectors. Classification-JEL: J61, R23. Keywords: Forced Migration, Differences-in-differences. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/936917 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sinem Güler KANGALLI-UYAR Title: The Matrix Exponential Spatial Specification Approach for Big Datasets: The Analysis of Istanbul Office Market Abstract: Our aim is to develop a hedonic office rent model considering the spatial dependency in order to determine the factors affecting office rents. Based on a comparison between spatial lag, spatial error, and spatial Durbin models, the spatial lag model was selected as the most appropriate model explaining the relationship according to some criteria. Spatial models were estimated using the data on rent levels and property characteristics of 2348 business offices located in 28 different counties of Istanbul during the first quarter of 2018. According to the estimation results of the spatial lag model, the most effective independent variables are average vacancy rate, building type, and Bosporus view. Since the big dataset might cause some misleading estimations, the matrix exponential spatial specification model was estimated. It was observed that the estimated coefficients of both models are almost identical. Classification-JEL: R32, R33, C55, C52. Keywords: Office Rents, Istanbul, Spatial Dependency, Matrix Exponential Spatial Specification, Big Data. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/936929 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ay_egül KAYAOLU Author-Name: Colin C. WILLIAM Title: Explaining Tax Non-Compliance from a Neo-Institutionalist Perspective: Some Lessons from a Public Opinion Survey in Turkey Abstract: Conventionally, those engaging in tax non-compliance are explained as rational economic actors doing so when the benefits outweigh the costs. However, many individuals are still compliant to their tax regimes even when the pay-off from tax evasion is greater than the costs. The result is the emergence of a social actor perspective that gives primacy to tax morale when explaining tax noncompliance. Through the lens of neo-institutionalist theory, this approach argues that citizens behave in ways that reflect the normative, cultural-cognitive and regulatory rules of their institutional environments. To test this theory, we have analyzed a representative micro survey of 2,528 citizens in Turkey. The finding we have obtained in this paper using an econometric analysis is that high tax morale is significantly more likely when there is trust in government (the normative dimension), feeling of belonging to the nation (the cultural-cognitive dimension) and perceptions of the risk and severity of punishment (regulatory-instrumental dimension). It displays the importance of the tax morale approach when explaining and tackling tax non-compliance in Turkey. Classification-JEL: H26, J46, K42, O17, P37. Keywords: Informal Sector, Tax Morale, Tax Evasion, Institutional Theory, Turkey, South-East Europe. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/940605 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kas1m K0RACI Author-Name: Mehmet YA^AR Title: The Determinants of Airline Operational Performance: An Empirical Study on Major World Airlines Abstract: The air transport industry is a dynamic sector and operates in a dynamic environment. This situation leads to intense competition among airlines and, consequently, to a search for new methods to improve the operational performance. It is claimed that revealing the factors affecting the operational performance of airline companies might provide them with strategic advantages in such a competitive market. Therefore, this study attempts to fill a gap existant in the current literature by empirically examining the factors determining the operational performance of airline companies. The operational data for the period between 1990 and 2017 of 52 airlines, which control more than 90% of the global air passenger transport industry, were analyzed using panel data analysis. The results of the study show that the number of passengers carried, the load factor, the number of flights made by the airlines, the rate of use of the aircraft and the amount of cargo carried by the airlines significantly affect their operational performance. Classification-JEL: C23, L25, L93. Keywords: Operational Performance, Airlines, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/940646 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esra Nazmiye KILCI Title: Forecasting Stock Market Indices with the Composite Leading Indicators: Evidence from Turkey Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the empirical performance of composite leading indicators (CLIs) in forecasting stock market indices for Turkey in the period from 2007:03 through 2019:07. After examining the stationarity of the series by using Narayan and Popp (2010) and Enders and Lee (2012) Fourier ADF unit root tests, the causality relationship from the composite leading indicators to stock market indices are tested by employing Enders and Jones (2016) Fourier Granger causality test. The results support the evidence of a causality relationship from composite leading indicators to BIST100, BIST Financial and BIST Industrial Indexes under structural breaks. Classification-JEL: C10, E44, G10. Keywords: Composite Leading Indicators, Stock Market Indices, Structural Breaks. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/940663 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azamat MAKSUDUNOV Author-Name: Samten JAMTSHO Author-Name: Omurbek ILIMBEKOV Title: Perception towards Drivers of Entrepreneurship: A Crosscultural Study on the University Students from Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan & Taiwan Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine students perceptions toward drivers of entrepreneurship in the cross cultural context. The sample of the study consists of undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan (n=200), Bhutan (n=200) and Taiwan (n=200) universities. Primary data were compiled by using face-to-face and online questionnaire methods. Descriptive statistics, paired sample t test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The empirical findings reveal that Bhutanese students have the highest mean scores compared to other countries. Independence dimension is found to be the first driver for all the three countries. However, the least important drivers of entrepreneurship are different for the three countries. Drivers of entrepreneurship that has the least effect are government support for Kyrgyzstan, family and relatives for Bhutan and economic conditions for Taiwan respectively. Classification-JEL: A22, L26. Keywords: Student Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Drivers, Cross-Cultural Analysis. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/940689 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Halil 0brahim KESK0N Author-Name: Hakan ÖNDES Title: Measuring the Efficiency of Selected European Football Clubs: DEA and Panel Tobit Model Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the sportive and financial performance of 50 major football clubs in 10 European countries that give directions to the European football and to investigate the reasons affecting the club performances. The clubs efficiency is investigated in two stages. In the first stage, technical efficiency scores of the clubs were calculated by means of data envelopment analysis for the seasons of 2007/2008 - 2017/2018. In the second stage, the reasons behind the efficiency differences were investigated by using random effect panel Tobit model. According to the findings, while winning rates of clubs and increase in number of players in the youth system and more competitive national league affect the team performance positively, participation in the European cups and coach changes during the season affect the team performance negatively. Classification-JEL: C33, D24, Z21. Keywords: Football, Technical- Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Panel Tobit Model. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941109 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tevfik ^ükrü YAPRAKLI Author-Name: Musa ÜNALAN Title: Determining of Social-Cultural, Environmental and Economic Impacts of Winter European Youth Olympic Festival Abstract: In this study, we try to determine the effects of social-cultural, environmental and economic impacts as well as the perceived success of the organizational committee of the Winter European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF) on the public support to the organization. The research utilizes survey method and employs data collected from 500 participants in Erzurum Province of Turkey to test the research hypotheses. The collected data is analyzed by SPSS 22 software package through arithmetic mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution and regression analysis. The findings of the study show that perceived success of EYOF Committee have a significant effect on perceived positive socialcultural impacts, environmental impacts, economic impacts and perceived negative social-cultural impacts and economic impacts. The findings also indicate that perceived positive economic impacts, perceived negative environmental impacts and perceived success of EYOF Committee has a significant effect on local community s support to EYOF. Classification-JEL: D31, D61, D73. Keywords: EYOF, Social-Cultural, Environmental, Economic Impacts. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941111 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kemal ERK0^0 Author-Name: Turgay CEYHAN Title: The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Income Inequality: A Panel Data Analysis Abstract: In this paper, the long-term and the short-term relationship between economic growth and income inequality is investigated. The analysis covers 23 years period between 1993 and 2016 for the selected 14 European Union countries. In order to choose the appropriate model estimators: (i)  Pesaran CD Test for the existence of cross-section dependency; (ii)  Swamy S Test for the homogeneity of the parameters; (iii)  Pesaran 2007 CADF Test for the stationarity of the series; (iv)  Hansen J Test for the appropriate lag-length value; (v)  Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test for the cointegration between the series were employed. Accordingly, the  Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG) and Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) Estimators were employed in the model estimations. With the help of  Hausman Test , the PMG Estimator was determined as the most appropriate method among others in explaining the model. The PMG estimator revealed that a 1% rise in real economic growth distorts income inequality by 0.22% in the long-term. It is concluded that real economic growth adversely affects income inequlality in the long term. In this context, real economic growth in the long-term can be achieved at the expense of deterioration of income inequality. These results are in contradiction with Kuznets s view that income inequality can be improved in the longterm. Classification-JEL: E25, E10, O40. Keywords: Income Inequality, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941112 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hilal ALPDOAN Author-Name: Mustafa AKAL Title: Financial Crises and Signal Indicators in BRIC-3 Countries Abstract: Using the KLR (1998) methodolgy, the financial crises of Brazil, Russia, India and China have been determined in the period 1990-2016. The fifteen main economic indicators that signaled the 24- month crisis window before the beginning of the crisis dates supported by the literature were examined. Subsequently, successful crisis estimators were determined by considering the noise signal ratios for three countries. The identified crisis estimators provide important information about the internal dynamics of countries and the channels of crisis affecting the economies. The common signal indicators are found to be export, import and net borrowing liabilities for Brazil, Russia and China. Classification-JEL: E3, F4, G01, O57. Keywords: Financial Crises, Signal Approach, KLR Methodology, BRIC. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941115 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ^enol DEM0RC0 Author-Name: Murat KONCA Author-Name: Gülnur 0LGÜN Title: The Impact of Health Financing on Health Systems Performance: An Assessment for European Union and Candidate Countries Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to compare the performance of European Union (EU) members and candidate countries health systems. In this context, two-step analysis method was used in the study. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was conducted in order to determine the health care performance of the countries, while the second stage analysis attempts to determine whether the varying methods employed by the countries to finance their health systems has a statistically significant effect on the DEA scores. In the utilized Tobit regression model, the transformed DEA score was taken as the dependent variable, and the financing model adopted by the countries to finance health systems was taken as the independent variable. According to the results, the financing method shows a statistically significant effect on the efficiency of the health systems. Specifically, adopting the Beveridge Model has a statistically significant positive impact on health system efficiency. Classification-JEL: I13, C82, P47. Keywords: Health System Performance, Data Envelopment Analysis, Tobit Regression. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941124 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serkan POLAT Author-Name: Semra AKTA^-POLAT Title: Gastronomi Turizmi Arac1l11yla Yerel Mutfa1n Dönü_ümü Abstract: Gastronomy comes from the combination of food with art, pleasure, taste, and science. In addition to food itself, the experience of the culture that food belongs to also directs people to rural areas, regions, and countries that makes food an essential attraction for tourism. The purpose of this paper is to present the transformation process of local culinary through gastronomy tourism. The structuralism approach was employed and the culinary triangle interpreted by Lévi-Strauss in the dilemma of culture and nature was taken as an exemplary model to achieve the goal. The model was transformed into a new triangle named as the Culinary Triangle in Gastronomy Tourism and evaluated in the context of cultural and artistic transformation. This new triangle consists of local, hybrid, and ornamental culinary. Classification-JEL: Z130, Z320. Keywords: Local Culinary, Lévi-Strauss, Culinary Triangle, Gastronomy Tourism. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941132 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200114 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Çaaçan DEER Author-Name: Elif ERER Title: Social Security Membership and Saving: The Turkish Case Abstract: This study analyses the micro-foundations of the saving behaviour in Turkey, looking for a humpback profile in saving rates. Household Expenditure Surveys are used to construct a pseudo-panel of the saving rate. Then, an age-cohort-period decomposition is undertaken to isolate the agedependent behaviour of the saving rate in Turkey. The analysis is repeated for sub-samples based on social security status. Further investigation is carried out with truncated regression. Existence of a humpback profile is confirmed, but no systematic link between social security membership and the humpback profile is identified. Classification-JEL: D14, D15, C33. Keywords: Saving Behaviour, Life Cycle Models of Saving, Panel Data Models. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941147 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200115 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: 0smail ^ENTÜRK Title: Desired Labour Supply of the Unemployed in Turkey Abstract: This study examines factors affecting the desired labour supply of unemployed individuals. Study relies on data obtained from surveys conducted by face-to-face interviews with unemployed people throughout Turkey. The survey has been carried out in at least one city representative of each statistically designed twelve regions. Number of surveyees has been determined according to the unemployment rate of both men and women in each region. Accessing 2162 unemployed people, survey has been implemented at the Turkish Employment Agency, which is designated for enacting communication between employers and unemployed people. The results obtained from Ordered Probit method show that women, married men and older, disabled, high-educated people demand lower levels of working hours. On the other hand, higher levels of desired labour supply arise from increases in expected levels of wage, non-labour income and existence of a small child or a dependent person in the family. Therefore, the study explores the necessity of differentiating working hours according to sex, education, physical disability and age. It has been discovered that women recede from labour market in case of an increase in their unemployment duration. Besides, the study reveals the positive impact of government nursing services for dependent persons on the desired labour supply. Classification-JEL: E24, J22. Keywords: Labour Supply, Unemployed, Turkey. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941158 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200116 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ceyhun GÜRKAN Title: Fiscal Sociology and Veblen s Critique of Capitalism: Insights for Social Economics and the 2008 Crisis Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review fiscal sociology and Veblen s critique of capitalism with an eye to developing new insights for social economics and the 2008 crisis. The paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach that blends history, political economy, politics, sociology, social philosophy, and ethics. The article demonstrates how old and new strands of fiscal sociology and Veblen s economic sociology can be employed to develop a comprehensive understanding of history, present conditions and future of neoliberalism as well as its current crisis. The paper concludes that fiscal sociology and Veblen s sociological and critical institutional economics have the great potential to develop new insights into critical social economics and the fiscal crisis of the state. Classification-JEL: A14, B15, H00, Z1. Keywords: Fiscal Sociology, Veblen, 2008 Crisis, Capitalism, Neoliberalism. Issue: 28(43) Year: 2020 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/941162 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:200117 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natalya KETENC0 Author-Name: Ebru Tomris AYDOAN Title: Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks Abstract: Sustainable economic growth is defined as a continuous increase in environmentally adjusted net domestic product (Bartelmus, 1994). This study investigates the role of natural gas consumption and trade openness in relation with the economic growth of Turkey for the period 1977-2017 throughout which Turkey underwent several political and economic shocks. To accomplish this, the paper employs the Kejriwal and Perron (2010) structural break test to investigate the relationship between economic growth and its determinants in the presence of structural shifts. By demonstrating the impacts of variables on economic growth through different sub-regimes, the outcomes underline the importance of structural breaks in estimations. Classification-JEL:O11, O13, F41. Keywords: Economic Growth, Natural Gas Consumption, Energy Use, Cointegration, Structural Breaks, Turkey. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832940 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190401 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P1nar GÖKTA^ Title:Asymmetric Transition Effects of the Exchange Rate on Consumer Prices in Turkey Abstract: This study examines the relationship between nominal exchange rates and consumer price index (CPI) in Turkey for the period 2003:01- 2018:02 by using monthly data. According to the results of bound testing to cointegration under NARDL approach, CPI is found to be correlated with positive and negative exchange rate baskets in the long run. Moreover, a 1% of depreciation and appreciation in TL results in 0.24% and 0.17% increase in CPI, respectively. Therefore, the amount of increase in CPI due to rising exchange rates is greater than that of an increase due to falling exchange rates in the period studied. Classification-JEL:C12, E31, F31. Keywords: Exchange Rate Pass Through Effect, Consumer Prices, Asymetric Causality, Non-linear ARDL (NARDL). Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832945 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190402 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aydanur GACENER-ATI^ Author-Name: Deniz ERER Title:Effects of Capital Flows on Carry Trade Activities: The Case of Turkey Abstract: Carry trade is described as the capital flow coming into a country based on interest rate differential. A negative change in capital flow affects carry trade activities negatively, which in turn distorts particually the exchange rate and the financial stability of a country. In order to examine the effects of capital flows on carry trade in Turkey for different states of its economy (e.g. contraction or expansion) between January 2005 and April 2018, Markov Switching Vector Autoregressive Model (MSVAR) is employed. According to the findings, an increase in capital flows in the previous period enhances carry trade activity in the current period when expansion regime is in effect. However, for the contraction regime, no evidence is found toward a significant relationship between carry trade and capital flows. Moreover, it is seen that exchange rate uncertainty is considered as an important risk factor by investors in contraction periods when risk aversion levels of investors are high. Classification-JEL:E44, F31, G15. Keywords:Carry Trade, Capital Flows, Economic Cycle, MSVAR. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832956 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190403 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Müzeyyen Esra ATUKALP Title: Decisiveness of Ownership on the Efficiency in Non-Life Insurance Companies Abstract:Efficiency is decisive on firms achievements in their own domain of business. The aim of this study is to understand the technical, scale and total activities of the insurance companies operating in the non-life insurance sector of Turkey and to determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of the companies according to their ownership structure for the period 2013-2017. Based on the results of the analysis, while Allianz Insurance Inc., Aksigorta Inc., and Anadolu Incorporated Türk Insurance Company possess technical efficiency, Magdeburger Insurance Inc., Koru Insurance Inc. and Ziraat Insurance Inc. display technical, scale and total efficiency. Moreover, it has also determined that there is a difference between domestic national insurance companies and foreign insurance companies in terms of technical efficiency and total efficiency whereas no significant difference is observed among them in terms of scale efficiency. Classification-JEL:C02, C67, G22. Keywords:Insurance Companies, Non-Life, Efficiency, Ownership, Data Envelopment Analysis. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832963 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190404 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filiz ERATA^-SÖNMEZ Author-Name: Yamur SALAM Title:The Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth for Developing Countries: Panel Causality Analysis Abstract:The study aims to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in developing countries. In this context, an econometric model has been formed using the financial development index and economic growth variables. Due to the complex nature of the financial system, non-stationary panel data analysis is employed in the empirical model. In the long run, a one-way causality relationship from financial development to economic growth is observed. The findings are in line with the supply-driven approach, which argues for that financial development positively affects economic growth. Classification-JEL:E44, F43, F47, C33. Keywords:Financial Development, Financial Development Index, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis, Panel Causality Analysis Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832966 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190405 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet APAN Author-Name: 0hsan ALP Author-Name: Ahmet ÖZTEL Title:Determination of the Efficiencies of Textile Firms Listed in Borsa 0stanbul by Using DEA-Window Analysis Abstract:Global competition enables countries advantageous sectors to stand out as an indicator of their economic power. The importance of these sectors may vary by country or the time period they operate in. The textile industry is one of the sectors that significantly contributes to Turkey s economic growth. Thus, it is important to monitor the financial activities of the firms in the textile sector as a performance indicator since it is evident that the financial efficiency of each company will contribute positively to the overall efficiency of the whole sector. In this study, the financial activities of 19 firms in the textile sector being traded on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) for the period 2008-2017 are examined. For efficiency analysis, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) -Window Analysis method was applied by using financial indicators of these companies. It was observed that the highest average efficiency value of the companies was realized in 2017 with 94.09%. The average activity levels in other years were found to be in the range of 60%-90%. In the empirical analysis, the efficiency values of the top five companies were determined to be at the level of 90%-100%. DESA has achieved the most successful performance in average efficiencies with a score of 98.04 when the whole period is considered. SÖNMEZ and MENDERES firms have taken the second and the third places with scores of 97.40 and 94.74, respectively. The close performances of the top three firms were also observed in three-years windows. However, in the three-year window analysis, SÖNMEZ ranked the first, DESA ranked the second and MENDERES ranked the third according to their average scores. One of the reasons for this small difference between the rankings is that, firstly, the firms performances have been very close to each other, and secondly the effect of the low score (76.11) obtained by SÖNMEZ in 2008 has been diminished for the firm in the three-year window analysis. KARSU occupied the last place with the lowest average efficiency score in both rankings. Classification-JEL:C61, C67, L67. Keywords:Efficiency, Performance, Textile, DEA, Window Analysis. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832980 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190406 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Metehan CÖMERT Title:Revival of Keynesian Economics or Greening Capitalism:  Green Keynesianism Abstract:Severity of economic crises and environmental collapses have sparked off a renewed interest in revisiting mainstream arguments dominated by neoclassical economic models in a critical way. The idea behind these critisisms is that there is an essential need to develop a new approach that embraces the elements of ecologically sustainable and economically viable solutions for the globalized capitalism of the twenty-first century. After giving a brief overview of debates related to the criticism of mainstream arguments and revival of the Keynesian idea with a new interpretation, this paper explores basic characteristics of  green Keynesianism and discusses theoretical arguments related to this concept. Also,  green new deal and its varieties, which might be seen as an extension of the theoretical context of green Keynesianism are examined in a practical manner. Furthermore, the paper deals with the criticisms of various aspects of this new theory. Classification-JEL:E60, Q50. Keywords:Green Keynesianism, New Deal, Green New Deal, Keynesian Economics, Sustainability, Environment. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/832996 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190407 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bilgehan TEK0N Title:The Factors Affecting Capital Structure: A Panel Data Analysis in the Context of Behavioural Corporate Finance Abstract:In this study, the effects of  Real Sector Confidence Index as well as the effects of firmspecific and macroeconomic factors on the capital structure were investigated. In line with the studies conducted in behavioral corporate finance, Real Sector Confidence Index has been considered as a measure of the overconfidence of managers. Other variables considered in the study are net sales, change in assets, return on assets, gross domestic product and inflation. In the study, leverage ratio is used as the variable capturing the capital structure. Fims listed in the BIST Industry Index were examined using panel data analysis. According to the results of the study, no evidence could be found towards an effect of Real Sector Confidence Index on capital structure. However, the effect of other variables on capital structure has been determined at certain levels of confidence. Classification-JEL:D91, G3, G32, G41. Keywords:Real Sector Confidence Index, Overconfidence, Capital Structure. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833018 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190408 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:An1l BÖLÜKOLU Title:Demand Regime of Turkey: A Post-Keynesian Econometric Analysis Abstract:The aim of this study is to analyse, from a Post-Keynesian perspective, how factor income distribution affects growth potential of Turkey. To do this, the study estimates Turkey s demand regime between 1998-2018 by using quarterly data on the basis of the model developed by Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) and through the empirical approach of Naastepad (2006). According to the results of the study, the demand regime of Turkey is found to be wage-led. In other words, positive effect of the expansion in consumption expenditures on economic growth triggered by increased wage shares is found to be greater than its contractionary effects on investment and export. According to the empirical results, it is argued that pro-labor economic policies would make positive contribution to economic growth in Turkey. Classification-JEL:E12, O40, E25. Keywords:Growth, Functional Income Distribution, Post-Keynesian Economics. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833025 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190409 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Yasin LAÇ0NBALA Author-Name:Hilmi ÜNSAL Title:An Overview on Window Model in Participation Insurance (Takaful) System Abstract:There are two essential systems for participation insurance, which is based on mutual assistance and voluntary contribution:  full-fledged takaful system and  window takaful system . The full-fledged takaful firms do not carry out non Shari ah compliant insurance activities. In the window system, conventional insurance firms offer Shari ah compliant products together with conventional products. In this study, the pros and cons of the window model together with some country practices and the legal structure for window model in Turkey are presented. Moreover, this study concludes that enabling the window model will be beneficial to Turkish insurance sector both in the short and the medium terms. Classification-JEL:F65, G22, G28. Keywords:: Participation Insurance, Takaful, Window Model, Retakaful, Islamic Insurance. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833029 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190410 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Onur UÇAR Author-Name:Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Title:The Main Rules Subjecting the  Proportionality in Turkish Jurisprudence (An Historical Overview from the Ottoman Time to Present) Abstract:This study aims to conduct analysis on some important aspects of the principle of proportionality, which has essential importance for legislative and executive bodies as well as for national and international law. It also plays an essential role in determining compliance with the law of legal arrangements and/or practices based on these legal arrangements to take hold in the system that has been transferred from the Ottoman Empire to the present. In order to understand in depth how the principle of proportionality has been executed from past to present, the archives of higher judicial bodies have been analyzed sentence by sentence and the literature has been reviewed. Accordingly, certain regulations that form the basis of proportionality either by being existing in the roots of the Turkish law or by integration from outside are brought to the reader s attention along with their effects on daily practice. Classification-JEL:K10, K15, K33, K38, K42. Keywords:Proportionality, Turkish Jurisprudence, Ottoman Era, Ottoman Code of Civil Law, Constitution, Constitutional Court, State Council. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833034 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190411 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehtap TUNÇ Author-Name: Abdullah AÇI Title:The Impact of Steel Price on Ship Demolition Prices: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel of Developing Countries Abstract:In this study, the causal relationship between global steel prices and demolition prices in five developing countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan, and Turkey) that host five main ship scrap centers in the world are examined. The bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis is employed to take heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence into account. The data set used in this study consists of 289 weekly observations from January 8, 2013 to July 16, 2018. As a result of the study, a collective causality relationship from steel price to demolition prices is determined and individual causality relationships for all countries except Bangladesh are identified. Classification-JEL:C14, C58, L16. Keywords:Steel Price, Demolition Price, Bootstrap Panel Causality, Developing Countries. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833080 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190412 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Hale AKBULUT Title:The Economic Effects of Manufacturing Industrial Sector: An Input-Output Analysis Abstract:The aim of this paper is to analyze the economic impacts of the manufacturing sector on the Turkish economy in a sub-sectoral way and to form fiscal policy recommendations by identifying the most efficient sub-sectors. For that purpose, the effects on the total value of production, labor income, capital income and total value-added have been focused on. In order to observe all direct, indirect and induced effects, Input-Output analysis has been employed using Turkish 2015 Input-Output data. As a result of the analysis, findings are observed to be different when we consider total effects instead of the direct and indirect effects. Classification-JEL:D57, H30, H50. Keywords:Input-Output Model, Fiscal Policy, Manufacturing Industry. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833132 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190413 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Erdem ATE^ Author-Name:Ay_e Dilek SEYMEN Title:Free Trade Agreements Signed By Turkey: Two-Sided-Sectoral Analysis and Assessment of Foreign Trade Policy Abstract:Especially after the Second World War, efforts to liberalize foreign trade has been accelerated amongst countries. These efforts can be divided into two as global and regional efforts. Global efforts have been exerted by various rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Regional efforts, on the other hand, are represented by Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA), Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), which have been prevailed particularly in recent years. By adopting an  export-led growth model , Turkey has been involved in both the global and the regional efforts towards trade liberalization since the 1980s. When viewed from a regional perspective, Turkey has signed FTAs for two main reasons. The first reason has been to find new markets to sell its products and services and to diversify its partnership with different countries in foreign trade. The second and primary reason is Turkey s obligation to conform with the European Union (EU) s trade policy under the Customs Union. Furthermore, Turkey has signed 37 FTAs until 2018, among which 20 of them are in effect now. 11 of the signed FTAs have been dissolved due to the partnering countries ascension to EU membership. Although the negotiations are complete, five of these signed FTAs are at the stage of internal approval by the partnering countries. In this study, effects of FTAs on Turkey s foreign trade with its counterparties has been investigated for the 1980-2017 period using bilateral foreign trade data, growth rates of export and import, bilateral concentration index, sector-bilatarel trade concentration index (SBT) and revealed comparative advantage index (RCA). The findings have been evaluated in terms of Turkish foreign trade policy. Classification-JEL:F02, F13, F15. Keywords:Free Trade Agreements, Foreign Trade Diversification, Foreign Trade, Economic Integration. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833095 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190414 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:I_1l ^irin SELÇUK Author-Name:Ali Gökhan GÖLÇEK Author-Name:Altu Murat KÖKTA^ Title:Energy Poverty in Turkey Abstract:Access to energy is a prerequisite for human development. For this reason, the concept of energy poverty is carefully monitored by the United Nations and the European Union within the scope of  Sustainable Development objectives. In this study, energy poverty is conceptually investigated, and the data related to the current energy consumption and the main indicators of energy poverty in various countries were examined. Moreover, socioeconomic characteristics of energy poor households in Turkey were examined with the help of the 2017 Household Budget Survey data set. According to the most recent data available, about one-quarter of households in Turkey are energy poor while nearly half of the households, which have the lowest income levels, were found to carry the risk of facing energy poverty. For the richest households, this rate is only 3.48%. Additionally, the share of energy poor households was observed to decrease from 2003 to 2017. Classification-JEL:Q40, Q48, O12, O13. Keywords:Energy Poverty, Energy, Turkey. Issue: 27(42) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/833112 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190415 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ays1t TANSEL Author-Name: Deniz KARAOLAN Title: Determinants of Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of health behaviors and obesity with an emphasis on education in Turkey. We use Health Survey of Turkish Statistical Institute for the years 2008, 2010 and 2012. The health behaviors considered are smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and exercise. We consider both the years of schooling and the different levels of education in order to better understand the association between education and health. We find that education is the most important factor associated with the health behaviors and obesity. Smoking is positively associated with education at all levels with a decreasing effect with the level of education unlike in the developed countries. Alcohol consumption is positively related with education and this association increases with the level of education. Higher educated individuals clearly eat more fruits, vegetables and exercise more and they are less likely to be obese compared to the less educated and the illiterate. We also highlight the importance of demographic factors, labor market status and household income in determining health behaviors and obesity. Classification-JEL:I10, I12, I19 Keywords: Health Behaviors, Education, Demographic Factors, Turkey. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772444 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Müge ÇET0NER Author-Name: Ahmet Mete Ç0L0NG0RTÜRK Title: The Effect of Social Networks on Financial Literacy Abstract: Financial literacy demonstrates the ability to make use of rational choices with the use of financial instruments and decision-making systems that are frequently encountered in everyday life. The most important part of the rational consumer or investor assumption is that the information must be fully and evenly distributed. However, today s researches focuse on non-rational behavioral finance models. Increasing financial literacy is important for sustainable household economic management. It is possible to increase the financial literacy with the internet-based social media and applications which affect every part of the society. According to the findings, social networks are a suitable tool for giving education on this subject. However, these results can be attributed to the financial and economic attitudes of the individuals. Classification-JEL: A20, D14, D83. Keywords: Financial Literacy, Finance and Economical Attributes Scale, Economic Human Types, Social Networks and Media. Issue:27(41) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772448 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Egemen 0PEK Title: An Empirical Study on Alcohol Participation and Consumption Decision in Turkey Abstract: In this study, households alcohol participation and consumption decision structures and the effect of socioeconomic factors influencing on these decisions are analyzed by using Tobit and doublehurdle models with Household Budget Survey data in Turkey. This study shows that alcohol participation and consumption decision are taken as independently from each other and sequentially based on the goodness of fit tests of the model. When the effects of household demographic variables on alcohol consumption decisions are examined, it is obtained that having a child has a negative effect on alcohol participation decision and consumption of cigarette has a positive effect on alcohol participation decision. Furthermore, household income level has a positive effect on both alcohol participation and consumption decision. Classification-JEL: D12, R22, C34. Keywords: Alcohol Consumption, Participation Decision, Household, Demographics, Double Hurdle Model. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772450 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Cahit GÜRAN Author-Name: Emine AYRANCI Title: Efficiency Changes in Higher Education in OECD Countries: Implementation of Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index for 2000 and 2012 Period Abstract: This study analyzes the total factor productivity changes in higher education in 21 OECD countries for the period of 2000 to 2012 with the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index. Study aims to determine the sources of total factor productivity changes by calculating the technical, pure technical, scale efficiency and technological change values. According to the analysis, the largest increase in total factor productivity change indices countries are Australia, USA and Norway, the largest decrease takes place in New Zealand, the Czech Republic and Turkey. The largest increase in total factor productivity is in 2004-2005 period. Classification-JEL: I23, D24. Keywords: Higher Education Systems, Malmquist Total Factor Productivity, OECD Countries. Issue:27(41) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772452 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gülsüm AKARSU Author-Name: Reyhan CAFRI Author-Name: Hanife BIDIRDI Title: Are Public-Private Components of Health Care Expenditures Converging Among OECD Countries? Evidence from a Nonlinear Panel Unit Root Test Abstract: Many countries devote an increasing proportion of their economic resources to produce and provide health care services. Looking at the written economic literature, it can be seen that although there is work on convergence in health expenditures, these studies are generally based on linearity assumption. In this study, the validity of the convergence hypothesis on the public, private and total per capita health expenditures are analyzed by non-linear panel unit root tests in a sample of 18 OECD countries, covering Turkey, over the period 1979-2016. The findings of the analysis show that the convergence hypothesis is valid only for private per capita health expenditure. Classification-JEL: I13, I15, C23. Keywords: Public and Private Health Care Expenditures, Convergence, Nonlinear Unit Root Test. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772456 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yüksel 0LTA^ Author-Name: Gülbahar ÜÇLER Title: The Influence of Institutional Quality and Financial Risk on Stock Market Index: An Empirical Study for Turkey Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the -possible- effects of institutional quality and (financial) risk level on BIST 100, BIST Industrial and BIST Financial Indexes via Carrioni-Silvestre (2009) multiple structural breaks unit root test, Maki (2012) multiple structural breaks co-integration test and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methodology. In the research model of the study, institutional structure is proxied by an institutional quality index derived from data related to bureaucratic quality, corruption, democratic accountability, ethnic tension, external conflict, government stability, internal conflict, political risk, law and order, and investment profile obtained from International County Risk Guide (ICRG). High values in institutional quality index represent weak institutional structure while low values represent high institutional structure. The high financial risk ratio represents a strong financial structure. The empirical findings of Maki (2012) test indicate that all indexes except BIST Financial Index and explanatory variables show co-integration relationship in the long term. Long run parameters estimated by DOLS methodology indicate that there exists a long-term negative relationship between institutional quality index and BIST 100 and BIST Industrial Indexes, while a positive relationship between financial risk level and BIST 100 and BIST Industrial Indexes. Classification-JEL: C32, E44, G10, G28. Keywords: Institutional Quality, Multiple Structural Breaks Unit Root and Cointegration Tests, Borsa Istanbul, ICRG. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772457 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ^eyda GÜDEK-GÖLÇEK Title: The Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Women s Employment in Turkey Abstract: With the global expansion of neoliberalism since the 1970s. Many developing countries has adopted export-led growth model like Turkey. Changes in production processes and reduction of the state s pro-labor audit with neoliberal policies have had a direct impact on labor markets by transforming the forms and areas of employment into a more flexible an informal character. However, women s labor has been adversely affected by patriarchy which includes gender ideology and practices. While in most places -adopted this growth model- women labor has taken place the main locomotive of production, a similar increase has not experienced in Turkey that adopted same growth model in recent time and had similar patriarchal condition with these countries. Therefore, in the study, it is aimed to understand the effect of neoliberal policies on women s employment in Turkey. At this point, data from the TURKSTAT household surveys and field studies were used for employment data. In conclusion, it is seen that the rate of women s employment has not increased while employment quality has deteriorated in a manner consistent with global trends due to Turkey s specific economic conditions, the impact of private and public patriarchy. Classification-JEL: J08, J16, E24 Keywords: Neoliberalism, Labor, Informal and Flexible Employment, Private and Public Patriarchy. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772463 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emine TAHS0N Title: An Investigation of the Palma Ratio for Turkey Both on National and Regional Level Abstract: This paper aims to focus on concentration of income inequality in case of Turkey, based on the Palma ratio that is calculated as the ratio of the share of the top 10 percent income to the bottom 40 percent income. In this regard for the post-2001 period, the income shares of the deciles in Turkey both on national and regional (NUTS-1) level would be analyzed. It would be predicted that, this would provide more specific evidences about the dimensions of the hidden inequality. Within this context based on the descriptive statistics and income inequality decomposition analysis, robustness of the Palma ratio would be evaluated. While overlapping trend between the Palma ratio and the Gini coefficient is found to be significant both on national and regional level, the top10 percent income group represents the most distinctive feature in determining concentration of income inequality between and within the regions of Turkey. Classification-JEL: E25, O1, O5, R1. Keywords: Income Inequality Metrics, The Palma Ratio, Regional Income Distribution in case of Turkey, Income Inequality Decomposition. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772465 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bengi YANIK-0LHAN Author-Name: Ay_e Aylin BAYAR Author-Name: Nebile KORUCU-GÜMÜ^OLU Title: How Do Informal Social Networks Impact on Labor Earnings in Turkey? Abstract: The informal social networks are one of the prominent factors in the labor market decisions both for the supply and demand side. Particularly, in developing countries, like Turkey, these informal networks have an influence on the labor market. However, even the existence of this issue, the impact of informal social networks has not been argued sufficiently for the Turkish case. In this respect, this study advances existing researches, by implementing the quantile regression method to reveal the impact of the informal social networks. The quantile regression analysis reveals the impacts of the different quantiles of wages. The Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS) is utilized for 2004-2016 period. The findings indicate that being recruited by social contacts has negative impact on wage levels and in consequence, aggregate productivity is decreased from low quality of labor force and the low return to the firm. Classification-JEL: J00, J21, J30. Keywords: Informal Networks, Quantile Regression, Employment, Turkey. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772848 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190309 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayfer AYDINER BOYLU Author-Name: Gülay GÜNAY Author-Name: Ali Fuat ERSOY Title: The Investigation of the Effect of Perceived Social Support on Loneliness in University Students Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness including the effect of demographic factors on a sample of university students. Participants in this study were students of the Hacettepe University (n = 402). Data were collected through a demographic information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results of the study show that loneliness scores are low for women than men. At the same time, loneliness scores of students for those who have a high level of participation in recreational activities and for those with higher levels of perceived social support were found to be low. Classification-JEL: I20, I23. Keywords: University Students, Perceived Social Support, Loneliness. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772864 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190310 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selçuk GEM0C0OLU Author-Name: Hasan ^AH0N Author-Name: Emrah ER Title: Analysis of Fertility in Turkey: The Importance of Future Fertility Preferences Abstract: Fertility analyzes are generally not carried out considering future fertility preferences. However, future fertility preferences should be considered in terms of both family planning and the updating of fertility policies currently in practice. In this study, fertility analysis was conducted using data from 2008 and 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Two models have been created that take into account the future fertility preferences of households and these models have been estimated with the Generalized Poisson Regression Model. It was found that the standard models that do not take into account the future fertility preferences of the households and the findings obtained from the model taking into consideration differ. In the model that takes into account the future fertility preferences of households, it is seen that the coefficient signs of age, marriage age, employment status and husband age variables change. For this reason, policy-makers should be cautious when making a policy towards fertility, because findings from standard analyzes can lead to false policy practices. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Fertility, Generalized Poisson Regression Model, Household Economics. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772870 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190311 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ay_en S0VR0KAYA Author-Name: Mübariz HASANOV Title: Time-Varying and Asymmetric Relationship between Energy Use and Macroeconomic Activity Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the dynamic interactions among energy use, output, capital stock and employment for the USA. Our results suggest that these interactions are time-varying and show asymmetries in terms of the one variable s responses of big versus small and positive versus negative shocks to another variable. In particular, we find that negative energy shocks have greater impact on macroeconomic variables than positive shocks. Furthermore, small energy shocks have greater effects than big shocks. Our results also suggest that the shocks to production factors reduce energy use, implying that energy and the other factors of production are substitutes rather than compliments. These results have clear policy implications. Namely, aggressive energy saving policies might be more politically viable. In addition, the policies promoting more efficient and energy-saving capital and production technologies could help reducing energy use. Classification-JEL: Q43, C32, C51. Keywords: Asymmetry, Employment, Energy Demand, Structural Change, Output Growth. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772879 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190312 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dilek BA^AR Author-Name: 0lhan Can ÖZEN Author-Name: Selcen ÖZTÜRK Author-Name: Ekim GÜMELER Author-Name: Deniz AKATA Author-Name: Arbay Özden Ç0FTÇ0 Title: The Case of MRI Repetitions with Direct and Indirect Cost Implications: Evidence from Hacettepe University Hospitals Abstract: This study investigates the case of repeated MRIs using data from Hacettepe University Hospitals. Results indicate that almost 34% of MRI consultations have to be repeated within the same year due to suboptimal quality that hinders correct assessment and diagnosis. Suboptimal quality refers to; movement artefacts, use of wrong scan technique or sequence, inexperienced reader and/or shortened time intervals. In fact, almost 30% of those repetitions result in a change in diagnosis. Results suggest that the probability of repetition is higher among women and children. Classification-JEL: I18, H51, H75. Keywords: Health Policy, MRI Overutilization, Direct and Indirect Costs, Turkey. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772885 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190313 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: 0lker YAMAN Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Title: The Political Aspect of Sovereign Wealth Funds Abstract: Sovereign wealth funds which have become one of the most important financial actors of the 21st century are state-owned investment funds mostly with a long term investment perspective and are in search of commercial return with the aim of protecting and enhancing the accummulation of wealth of the states. Considering the volume they manage, sovereign wealth funds are among the fast-growing investors by leaving behind a large number of financial investors such as hedge funds and private equity funds. The active participation of sovereign wealth funds in the 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis has led to an increase in the interest directed to them and led to a detailed examination of such funds. The global financial crisis has also brought with it the risky view of the sovereign wealth fund activities. The risks carried by sovereign wealth funds draw much more attention than the benefits they provide hence some concerns are arising about such funds. Concerns about sovereign wealth funds can be examined under three group as political concerns, economic concerns and concerns about the transparency of sovereign wealth funds. In addition, because of a number of sovereign wealth funds are chariness about declaring their activities and institutional structure explicitly, regulatory and protectionist measures needed to be taken for such funds. It is also expressed frequently that the investments of sovereign wealth funds will negatively affect the performance of companies and destabilise the financial markets. Considering the experiences at the recent years about sovereign wealth funds, evidences suggest that the minority of the funds are acting for political purposes and the majority of the funds are acting with economic motives. Evidences also indicate that investments made by sovereign wealth funds contribute to the stability of financial markets and global economy. Finally, results show that sovereign wealth funds can affect the performance of the companies positively which they invest in. Classification-JEL: G15, G23, G38, O50, F30. Keywords: Sovereign Wealth Funds, Political Implications, 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis, Regulatory Issues. Issue: 27(41) Year: 2019 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/772895 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190314 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Sevcan GÜNE^ Author-Name:Tuba AKIN Title: High Technology Exports: The Analysis for Leader Countries and Turkey Abstract:In order to achieve sustainable growth performance, it is important for countries to be competitive in non-price factors in export markets with the acceleration of globalization and openness, countries aim to increase the sophisticated and technology- intensive exports in order to increase the added value. In this context the purpose of the study to reveal that what are the factors that determine high technology exports and analyze Turkey with these factors by employing a VAR model for the period from 1989 to 2016. The results of impulse response functions show that only the value added in the industry (LNIKD) is statistically significant. High technology export has responded to a decline in value added in the industry with a decrease in the second period. According to the analysis of variance decomposition, the impact of lags of high technology export is decreasing and the contribution of other variables is emerging from the second period. Classification-JEL:F14, C32, O57. Keywords:High Technology Exports, Impulse Response Analysis, Turkey. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/690831 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Leyla BA^TAV Title: ABD 0_gücü Piyasas1nda Histeresi Etkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çal1_ma: Yeni Keynesyen Ücret Phillips Erisi (1990-2014) Abstract:This study investigates the concept of hysteresis for the US economy vs natural rate hypothesis during (1990:Q1-2014:Q4). Mainstream economics accepts the natural rate in the long run vs high and persistent unemployment idea of hysteresis. Unit root tests detect the nonstationarity of (un)employment series which may indicate hysteresis. Next, macroeconomic background is presented, and human capital or insider-outsider approaches are explained. With the (NKWPC) model, wage inflation is estimated with (un)employment variables and further with the output gap and growth of excess demand. Results reveal no hysteresis patterns except with the rate of change (ROC) of output during 2001 recession. Demand shocks or labour market factors may be causing nonstationarity of (un)employment according to which economic policy choice should be made regarding: demand management policies vs. labour market measures. Classification-JEL:E12, E24, E32. Keywords:New Keynesian Economics, Business Cycles, Labour Market Structure, Hysteresis, Time Series Models. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691327 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:^ennur SEZG0N Title: International Trade and Terror Relationship in Turkey Abstract:In this study, the effect of terrorism on international trade is examined in the case of Turkey. Between 1980 and 2015, along with many important political and scientific developments towards the development of international trade, international trading has begun to reach certain limitations with the terrorist channel. International trade has reached the highest levels in history with globalization phenomenon. International trade has remarkably expanded with the help of widespread internet use information technologies especially in the trade of services. Along with these positive developments, international terrorism has a negative impact on world trade. There is strong evidence that the increase in terrorist incidents led to a decline on international trade. This study focuses on whether terrorism affects Turkey's foreign trade. In doing so, between 1970 and 2016, the sensitivity of foreign trade to terrorism was measured by the concept of elasticity. Classification-JEL:F10, F43, H56. Keywords:World Trade, Terrorism, Trade Volume, Turkey, Economic Growth. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691329 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Ayhan GÖRMÜ^ Title: Characteristic of Time-based Underemployment in Turkey: Findings from the Household Labour Force Surveys Abstract:Time-based underemployment is a labour market mismatch that occurs in a circumstance that workers are employed for fewer hours than they desire, aside from their preferences. Even if it is not as unemployment as, this type of employment has an effect of reducing the income level and life satisfaction and increasing the dependency for welfare receipt on workers. This paper explores the association between the time-based underemployment and demographic and work-status predictors on the basis of the logistic regression modelling analyse techniques, by employing the 2016 Household Labour Force Survey microdata taken from Turkish Statistical Institute. The research results originally found that being male and 25-34 age band, holding educational attainment in university and over, working in part-time jobs, informal jobs, the construction sectors and elementary occupations, and living in the Mediterranean Region increased the likelihood of time-based underemployment. Classification-JEL:J01, J11, J21, J22, J24. Keywords:Time-Based Underemployment, Turkey, Demographic Factors, Work-Status Predictors. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691331 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Yakup SÖYLEMEZ Title: The Factors Affecting Capital Structure of Firms: The Application of Iron and Steel Industry Abstract:In this study, the financial tables of the iron and steel main industrial companies which are being traded in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (B0ST) are used. This study covers the period 2010-2017 and 13 firms are included in the analysis. Three different models were created in this study and panel data analysis method was used for all models. Various leverage ratios were used as a dependent variable in the study. The independent variables are size, non-debt tax shield, profitability and liquidity. As a result of the study, there is a negative correlation between the leverage ratios and the liquidity and size variables, a positive correlation between the non-debt tax shield and the profitability variables. The study show that both the financial hierarchy theory and the balancing theory are valid in the iron and steel sector. Classification-JEL:C33, G30, G32. Keywords:Capital Structure, Balancing Theory, Financial Hierarchy Theory, Iron and Steel Sector. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691335 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Ömer Tusal DORUK Author-Name:Yusuf Can ^AH0NTÜRK Title: Minskian Financial Instability Hypothesis and Its Post Keynesian Roots: A Theoretical Approach Abstract:Minsky s financial instability hypothesis (FIH) has the main assumptions of the Post Keynesian macroeconomics. The main assumptions of the FIH and its Post Keynesian roots are discussed in this paper in a detailed way. Thus, it is seen that FIH is a business cycle analysis within Post Keynesian framework, the theoretical underpinnings of the Post Keynesian macroeconomic analysis are put in the forefront for understanding business cycles in Minsky s analysis. Classification-JEL:B22, B41, E12. Keywords:Financial Instability Hypothesis, Post Keynesian Economics, Business Cycles. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691342 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Tuncer GÖVDEL0 Title: External Debt and Economic Growth in Turkey: An Empirical Analysis Abstract:This study analyzes the impact of external debt stock, openness and the consumer price index on economic growth, based on time series data obtained from the World Bank for the period from 1970 to 2016. For this report s purpose, the stability of the series was analyzed. Having identified the series to have first degree l(1) stability, the ARDL bounds testing approach was applied and a relationship of cointegration was established. In light of these findings, it has been observed that external debt has a positive impact on economic growth, while openness and consumer price index have a negative impact. Therefore, this study recommends keeping openness and the consumer price index under control to increase economic growth with the help of external debt. Classification-JEL:O10, H63. Keywords:Economic Growth, External Debt, ARDL Bound Test, Turkey. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691349 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Efe Can KILINÇ Author-Name:Cafer Necat BERBEROLU Title: The Relationship Between Saving, Profit Rates and Business Cycles Abstract:There are different approaches of economics schools on the sources, causes and determinants of business cycles. These approaches have been shaped in the Classical and Keynesian currents. The Global Financial Crisis that lived in 2008 laid the groundwork for the revival of the literature on business cycles. By using the panel data methods for the period between 1990 and 2013 in OECD economies, this study has investigated the effects of private sector profit and savings rates playing an important role in creating the cyclical fluctuations. The findings show that profit and the lagged saving rates have positive effect on the cyclical fluctuations. In other words, an increase in profit and savings rates causes the upward deviations from the trend level. On the other hand, the increases in the variables used in the analysis, like commercial and financial openness, total factor productivity, high-tech exports, domestic credit volume, M2 money supply, real exchange rate and government spendings, give rise to upward deviations tendency to boom) from the trend level while interest, inflation and unemployment rates have a reverse situation (tendency to recession). Classification-JEL:D20, E32, C23. Keywords: Saving Rate, Profit Rate, Business Cycles, Panel Data Analysis. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691352 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Tuay GÜNEL Title:Relationship between CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in Turkic Countries: A Panel Causality Analysis Abstract:In this study, relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan has been investigated with the data of 1992-2014 period. CO2 emissions by metric tons per capita, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption are used as the data of CO2 emissions. According to results of the cross-section dependency and homogeneity test, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) test is prefered for causality analysis while second generation unitroot tests are prefered for stationary analysis. According to the results, it has been found that there is a reciprocal causality relationship between the emission of CO2 and economic growth in the countries. In addition, a causality relationship running from CO2 emissions from gas and liquid consumption to economic growth is found. Classification-JEL: C23, O44, Q54. Keywords:Panel Causality Analysis, Carbon Emission, Economic Growth, Turkic Countries. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691370 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:K1v1lc1m Özge KARA Title: Discussions on the Chance of Success and Efficiency of Fiscal Decentralisation Abstract:In this study, empirical analyzes are conducted to discuss the chance of success and efficiency of fiscal decentralization, which is a dimension of decentralization, with the changing world and the changing state and scale. With the adoption of differentiating political and economic problems and solutions for different economies, the article can reach significant results for developed countries in terms of decentralization and fiscal decentralization, it is not possible to make the same assessment for developing countries. Classification-JEL: H70, H71, H79. Keywords:Decentralisation, Fiscal Decentralisation, Efficiency. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691377 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Orhan ^0M^EK Title: Transformation of Globalization and the Role of China Abstract:The shift of global production to Asian countries and the unrestrained movement of capital has entered a new stage, especially with the rise of the Chinese economy, and the debate about the transformation of globalization has also begun in the framework of the Belt and Road Project, announced in 2013. In this study, the transformation of globalization was discussed, and the role of China in the framework of the the Belt and Road Project, which was described as the building stone of this transformation, was examined. A debate has arisen over how the global center of gravity has shifted towards Eurasia and the US global hegemony has been declining. Classification-JEL: F02, F50, F60. Keywords: Globalization, China, Belt and Road Project. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691380 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Utku ALTUNÖZ Title: The Relationship between Real Output (Real GDP) and Unemployment Rate: An Analysis of Okun s Law for Eurozone Abstract: In this study, the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in the euro area (eurozone) is investigated in the light of Okun s Law by using annual panel data set covering the period 2000-2012. Besides panel error correction and panel integration methods are used to test the link between unemployment and growth rate, unemployment hysteresis was examined by using several non-stationary panel unit root techniques for in all countries included to the study. Findings of this study propose that the Okun s Law is valid. However, the cointegration coefficient is lower than the Okun s coefficient calculated for the United States and other studies which was done for developed countries. The US is included in the analysis as it has the strongest economy in the world. In addition, since growth and unemployment are more volatile in developing countries, they are included in the analysis in order to compare with developed countries. Classification-JEL: R11, R15. Keywords: Okun s Law, Unemployment, Economic Growth, Panel Cointegration, Eurozone. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691387 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayd1n ÇELEN Title: Anticompetitive Effects of the Banking Cartel in Turkish Loan Market Abstract: The aim of this paper is to measure the effect of the banking cartel on the competition in the Turkish loan market. In doing this, we use Bresnahan-Lau model with alternative supply relation definitions. Our results suggest that Turkish banks operate in the perfectly competitive conditions during the non-cartel period. However, with the enforcement of the cartel actively between September 2007 and September 2011, the competition intensity in the market was damaged significantly. All alternative models witness the robust conclusion that the banking cartel affected the competition in the loan market adversely. Classification-JEL: G21, L13, L40, D43. Keywords: Cartel, Competition, Turkish Banking, Bresnahan-Lau Model. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691400 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ay_en S0VR0KAYA Author-Name: Serdar ONGAN Title: BREXIT and the J-Curve Hypothesis for the UK: A Nonlinear ARDL Approach Abstract: In this study, we investigate the validity of the J-curve hypothesis based on the bilateral trade models between the UK and its 17 main trading partner countries over the period of 1981Q1-2015Q1, by applying Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) cointegration approach. The results of this study suggest no evidence supporting the J-curve hypothesis between the UK and any of its 17 trading partners. We also find that depreciations and appreciations in value of the GBP have asymmetric effects on the UK s trade balances in the short-run. Therefore, the results of this study have potential to shed light on both short run and long run consequences of the recent fluctuations of the GBP with respect to the trade balances after the UK s EU membership referendum in 2016. Classification-JEL: F10, F14, F31. Keywords: J-Curve, BREXIT, Nonlinear ARDL; Asymmetry, the UK. Issue:27(40) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/691402 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190214 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Ercem ERKUL Author-Name:Fatma DEM0R-ERKUL Title: An Examination of Income Distribution and Poverty Statistics Related to Turkey and Chile in the Neoliberal Policy Framework Abstract:It is known that with globalization neoliberal policies have been widely adopted in developed and developing countries. Meanwhile, income inequality and poverty has gradually increased and became an important problem around the world. On the other hand, Turkey and Chile have implemented similar neoliberal political and economic policies to struggle against income inequality and poverty. In this context, objective of this study is to examine the reflections of neoliberal economic policies implemented by Turkey and Chile (GINI coefficent, poverty ratios, Human Developed Index) on income distribution and poverty statistics. As a result, it can be argued that Chile has been pursuing more efficient policies than Turkey in terms of struggle against income inequality and poverty. Classification-JEL:F68, I31, I38 Keywords:Poverty, Income Distribution, Neoliberal Policy, Social Policy, Social Work, Turkey, Chile Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/637782 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Yusuf VARLI Author-Name:Gökhan ÖVENÇ Title: Dynamic Analysis of Defaults and Prepayments in the Turkish Mortgage Market Abstract:We analyze the determinants of default and prepayment in the Turkish mortgage market by utilizing data obtained from a large commercial bank. Our main findings suggest that default is positively affected by a high loan to value ratio and term length of mortgages, and negatively affected by certain quantitative easing periods, good expectations regarding the future, the ratio of real house prices to the size of the economy and mortgage customer s high school and above level of education and being married. The probability of prepayment rises with the increase in variables such as the gain ratio due to prepayment, high school and above level of education of the mortgage customer, size of the GDP and the ratio of real house prices to GDP. We also find that the likelihoods of both the cases of default and prepayment are locally maximized when nearly 60% of the term is reached. Classification-JEL:C33, E44, G21. Keywords:Mortgage, Default, Prepayment, Dynamic Analysis, Logistic Regression. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/629758 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Yasin ACAR Title:Does Flypaper Effect Exist? New Evidence from Turkish Municipalities Abstract:In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of flypaper effect and its relation to the local tax effort, by using a new and detailed panel data set that consist of all province and district municipalities fiscal data in Turkey between 1997 and 2005. We use fixed effects and dynamic panel data specific GMM estimators to obtain the results. We provide new evidence using an advanced technique which is firstly used to uncover flypaper effect in Turkey. According to our estimations, the flypaper effect does exist for the Turkish municipalities. This result is robust to various model specifications and econometric techniques. Turkish municipalities also experience substitution effect of unconditional grants on the revenue collection efforts. Classification-JEL:H30, H70, H72, H77. Keywords:Flypaper Effect, Intergovernmental Transfers, Fiscal Federalism, Turkish Municipalities, GMM Estimation. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/629759 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Ömer AKKU^ Author-Name:Seher Gül_ah TOPUZ Title:Validity of Unemployment Hysteresis: The Most Fragile Five Developing Countries Abstract:This study investigates the movement of unemployment for five most fragile developing countries including Turkey over the period 1980-2016. For this purpose, which one of the three approaches within the theoretical literature  natural unemployment rate hypothesis ,  unemployment hysteresis or  structuralist theory of unemployment is valid is examined using traditional unit root and unit root tests allowing for structural breaks. Hypothesis of unemployment hysteresis is valid for five most fragile developing countries according to both results of traditional unit root and unit root test allowing for structural breaks. Namely, unemployment rate does not fluctuate around natural unemployment rate and therefore the results indicate that shocks do not create temporary effects on unemployment but permanent. Governments in five most fragile developing countries are expected to actively intervene in the policy on unemployment since the unemployment rate does not tend to return to its natural level. Classification-JEL:C22, E24, J64. Keywords:Unemployment, Hysteresis, Unit Root, Fragile Countries. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/629761 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Mehmet Vahit EREN Author-Name:Ay_e ERG0N-ÜNAL Title:Analysis of the Relationship between Trade Openness and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey Abstract:The aim of this study, the relationship between trade openness and economic growth, is to analyze in terms of econometric by utilizing the annual data of the years 1960-2016 for the Turkish economy. For this purpose, the national income ratio of the sum of exports and imports and the real per capita income variables are used in the analysis. Engle-Granger and Gregory-Hansen cointegration tests and the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test were used to analyze the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. The results show that a long-run relationship was not found between the variables, and a unidirectional causality relationship was found from economic growth to trade openness. Classification-JEL:F10, F40, O40. Keywords:Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Economic Development, Turkey. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/629765 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Berhan ÇOBAN Author-Name:Esin F0RUZAN Title:Convergence and Cointegration Analysis under Structural Breaks: Application of Turkey Tourism Markets Abstract:The purpose of this study is to examine the cointegration structure and to test the convergence hypothesis in Turkey s tourism markets with monthly data over the period 1996-2016. To check the existence of convergence, we used international tourist arrivals to Turkey from each of Turkey s 23 major markets. International tourist arrivals data of Turkey may comprise structural changes and volatility. These attributes may negatively affect the reliability of unit root and cointegration tests outcomes. Ignorance of volatility and breaks leads to decrease in the number of convergent tourism markets. Conventional Dickey Fuller unit root test, recently developed Lagrange multiplier (LM) and Residual Augmented Least Squares (RALS-LM) tests are performed to test the existence of convergence in the tourism market. Gregory Hansen and RALS based cointegration tests are used for checking long run relationship of the tourist arrivals data. The study reveals strong evidence that most of the tourism markets for Turkey are converging. This means that tourism policies and strategies are successful for convergent tourism markets. In addition, there is some long run relationship among the different tourism markets in the presence of structural break and volatility. Classification-JEL:Z32, C22, C58. Keywords:Convergence Hypothesis, Unit Root test, Tourism Markets, Cointegration, Structural Breaks. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/637789 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Cemil Ç0FTÇ0 Author-Name:Dilek DURUSU-Ç0FTÇ0 Title:Determinants of Bank Profitability after Transition to the Strong Economy Program in Turkey Abstract:In Turkey, many important steps have been taken towards restructuring the banking sector within the framework of  Transition to the Strong Economy Program which was put into practice after the economic crisis at the beginning of the 2000s. The positive effects of the program have begun to be seen from the mid-2000s however, there has been a decline in bank profitability. This study takes into consideration the heterogeneity in terms of bank profitability and separate the sector into two groups as low and high profitable banks. In this context, utilizing the panel GMM estimation methods the effects of bank-specific, sector-specific and macroeconomic variables on bank profitability in Turkey were analyzed during the period 2006-2016. The findings reveal significant policy implications for the banking sector. Classification-JEL:G21, C23. Keywords:Banking Profitability, Panel Data Models, Turkey. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630310 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Özge BARI^-TÜZEMEN Author-Name:Samet TÜZEMEN Title:The Relationship between Unemployment and Growth: Evidence from Turkish Manufacturing Industry Abstract:The aim of the study is to examine the short and the long-run relationship between the unemployment and the manufacturing industry in Turkey for the period between 2005:Q and 2017:Q4. For this purpose, firstly the combined cointegration technique, which is developed by Bayer and Hanck (2012), is applied to reveal the long-run relationship. For the short run relationship, on the other hand, the symmetric and the asymmetric causal relationships among the variables are investigated using the Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006) and Hatemi-J (2012) methods. The findings show that the variables are not cointegrated. In other words, there is no long-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the manufacturing industry growth. According to the symmetric causality test of Hacker and HatemiJ (2006), no causality is detected. However, Hatemi-J (20012) asymmetric causality test suggests that there is only one unidirectional causality. The direction of the causality is from the negative shocks of the unemployment rate to the negative shocks of the manufacturing industry. The results support the jobless growth phenomenon for the manufacturing sector in Turkey. Classification-JEL:J10, J60, O11, O14, O40. Keywords:Unemployment, Manufacturing Industry, Combined Cointegration, Asymmetric Causality. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630313 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Arif ERSOY Author-Name:Merve Bü_ra ALTUNDERE-DOAN Title:The Main Functions of the State in Islamic Economics: Human Centred Economic Principles Abstract:Islamic Economics is a human centered discipline. The state in Islam has to provide adequate facilities to establish the division of labor, cooperation and solidarity among the members of society. It arranges a suitable environment for the owners of factors of production to determine their economic activities such as production, consumption, distribution, trade and transportation with their freewill and consent, also supplies infrastructural services and provides free operation of the market. In this article, we will try to summarize the economic activities of the state in Muslim countries in the past and also to explain what the main functions of the state should be today if based on the principles of Islamic Economics. Classification-JEL:D60, H50, P51. Keywords:Islamic Economics, Basic Functions of the State, the Generous State. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630316 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Halis KIRAL Author-Name:0lhan HAT0POLU Title:Centralization of the Public Internal Audit System in England and Establishment of the Government Internal Audit Agency Abstract:In recent years, there has been a major change in the field of public internal audit in England. The structure of the public internal audit has been transformed from a decentralized internal audit system into a centralized one. The lack of a standard methodology and the implementation differences between internal audit units are regarded as the main reasons for this transformation. In this direction, the Government Internal Audit Agency has been established aiming to improve the quality of services offered and the harmonization between internal audit units. In this study, we will examine the change in the field of public internal audit in England, the main reasons for this change and the Government Internal Audit Agency established because of this change, which represents a centralized structure of a public internal audit. Classification-JEL:H83, H11, H59. Keywords:Public Internal Audit, Internal Audit System in England, Government Internal Audit Agency, Centralized Public Internal Audit System. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630318 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Yavuz YILDIRIM Title:Democratic Exit from the Crisis: The Developments in Iceland Politics between 2008-2017 Abstract:Iceland experienced the 2008 economic crisis intensely as the banking system collapsed. The various developments ocurred in the country over the past decade, such as a new constitution making process, the loss of legitimacy of the long-running ruling parties, the formation of new parties, the rise of old minor parties, frequently renewal of elections, coalition building efforts, referendums on debts and EU membership. The study aims to explain how democratic claims in Iceland govern economic crisis and change the established political spectrum. Icelandic politics, with its peaceful street demonstrations and the possibility of institutional new political construction, has brought democracy beyond the liberal democracy. This tiny island is a concrete case that the economic crisis can be overcome by staying within the democratic initially announced as collapse, explosion, melting. Classification-JEL:H800, H830, F630, F690. Keywords:2008 Crisis, Iceland, European Politics, Participatory Democracy, Left-Green Movement. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630320 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Ye_im KU^TEPEL0 Author-Name:Sedef AKGÜNGÖR Author-Name:Yaprak GÜLCAN Title:Social Capital and Turkish-German Academic Linkages Abstract:This study investigates linking social capital aspect and transnationality of academia through networks via European Framework Programme (FP5, FP6, FP7) ICT projects in which i) Turkey is coordinator and Germany is partner, ii) Germany is coordinator and Turkey is partner, iii) both Turkey and Germany are partners. Social Network Analysis results depict that in European FP ICT projects where Turkey and Germany collaborated, social capital in Turkey increased. Transnational network linkages provided basis and opportunities for knowledge transfer, innovation networks, and formation of social capital. Further research will analyze social capital creation of the institutions in Turkey and Germany individually. Classification-JEL:O35, I23, O5. Keywords:Social Capital, Academic Linkages, Social Networks, European Framework Programmes, ICT Sector. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630324 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Serdar Ç0ÇEK Author-Name:Hüseyin Güçlü Ç0ÇEK Author-Name:Elif Ay_e ^AH0N-0PEK Title:Behavioral Approach to Tax Compliance Process: Taxpayer Behaviors and Typologies Abstract:Taxpayers decisions on paying taxes or not paying taxes can not be explained only by expected economic gains and costs. There are many psychological, sociological and demographic variables affecting taxpayer decisions. In this study, taxpayer behaviors and typologies affecting tax compliance and non-compliance are evaluated within the systematic framework determined by Mitu (2016). Taxpayers typologies constitute important determinants of tax compliance in terms of being personality types that exhibit regular and specific framework behaviors. It will be possible for tax administration to increase tax compliance and tax collection to a degree with conventional tools and practices. Beyond legal obligations; it is necessary to analyze the ethical-cultural norms of the individuals and the society and the behavior of taxpayers and to produce the policy accordingly, in order to increase the voluntary tax compliance and motivate the taxpayer. Classification-JEL:H2, H26. Keywords:Taxpayer Attitudes and Behaviours, Taxpayer Typologies, Tax Compliance, Social Taxpayer. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630344 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Fatih AKBAYIR Author-Name:Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Title:Estimating Fiscal Space: The Theoretical Framework of Ostry et al. Approach Abstract: of the methods to estimate fiscal space. In this direction,  fiscal fatigue and  debt limit concepts as well as assumptions are tried to explain. In addition, it is examined whether the approach has holistic basis to estimate properly fiscal space of countries. Consequently, it can be said that the approach is based on relatively sound theoretical frameworks. However, whether the approach keeps pace with the new theoretical developments in the literature and countries unique economic experiences will test the validity and topicality of the approach. Classification-JEL:E62, H62, H63. Keywords:Fiscal Space, Fiscal Fatigue, Debt Limit, Ostry et al. Approach. Issue:27(39) Year:2019 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/630398 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:190114 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Tuba DERYA-BASKAN Author-Name:0lkut Elif KAND0L-GÖKER Title:The Effect of Cash Conversion Cycle on the Companies Capital Structure:An Investigation on B0ST Listing Cement Sector Companies Abstract:In the financial planning process of companies during an operating period the sector concerned is important. Companies want their capital and debts ratio to get assets and direct their capital to the right investment preferences while fulfilling their activities. One of the most important factors in order for these processes to be realized is the receipt of receivables arising from the sale of stocks in advance or futures and the provision of cash inflows to companies. In this study, it was tried to determine the effect of the operation rates of the companies on the capital structure. At this stage, attempts have been made to measure how receivables, stocks and cash management are affected by the capital structure of companies. For this reason, how the cement industry s receivables, stocks and cash management, which are registered in the B0ST in Turkey, will change the capital structure has been analyzed by Panel Data models. A positive relationship between the cash conversion cycle period and the capital structure has been identified. Classification-JEL:O16, P45, M42. Keywords:Cash Conversion Cycle, Capital Structure, Panel Data Analysis. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519510 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180401 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Aleksandra GÓRECKA Author-Name:Joanna BARAN Title: Efficiency of Investments in Regional Airports in Poland Abstract: The article, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, determined the efficiency of investments from the period of 2007-2013 in individual Polish airports. The applied DEA model was aimed at maximizing effects. The following variables were adopted in the model: 1 input (the total value of funds allocated for investments in 2007-2013) and 5 effects (increase in the number of passengers served, increase in airport operations (ATM), increase in the number of parking aprons, increase in the number of direct regular destinations, increase in the number of gates). 6 airports showed the efficiency of the investments. For other airports, according to the benchmarking idea, changes in the level of effects were proposed that could improve their efficiency. Classification-JEL:R11, R15, R40 Keywords:Airport, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, EU Funds Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519512 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180402 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Özgür Emre KOÇ Author-Name:Mustafa Alpin GÜL^EN Title:Regulation and Independent Regulatory Authority for Electricity Energy Market: The Case of Turkey Abstract: The public sector is frequently intervened in the production, transmission and distribution phases of electrical products, which are an important part of social and economic life today. From this point of view, while the electricity market was under the administration of public property holders until the 1970s, the electricity market became more dominant in the private sector because of deregulation activities since the 1990s. The study describes the reasons for the regulations in the electricity sector. In addition, the role of regulators in this process (examples of Turkey and the world) are included. In our country, the scope of regulation is narrowing because there is a dependency on imports in electricity consumption. The existence of short-term and current regulations to solve current problems, rather than long-term and wide-ranging structural regulations, has a negative impact on the sector. In addition, since the 1990s, the increase in the number of participants in the sector has been a positive development in terms of competition. Classification-JEL:H11, L43, L50. Keywords:Regulation, Electricity Sector, Independent Regulatory Agencies,Turkey. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519521 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180403 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Hakan AY Author-Name:Mehmet Latif HAYDANLI Title:The Analysis of Tax Burden and Income Distribution in Turkey during the Republican Era Abstract: In this study; the effects generated on various divisions of society by the distribution of the tax burden that is an important indicator of tax policies used as a tool for invertention in improving tax distribution since the foundation of The Turkish Republic will be explained. Our study will also analyze how influential certain sections of society are in the formation of tax policies during the process beginning from the preparation of tax policies up until coming into effect, as well as the economical, social and political results of such influences. While conducting this analysis, comparisons will be made in terms of periods and in this way, more comprehensible and objective results will be achieved. Classification-JEL:H2, H20. Keywords:Tax Policies, Tax Burden, Income Distribution. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519524 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180404 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Dastan ASE0NOV Author-Name:Kamalbek KARYMSHAKOV Title:Development of the Banking System in Kyrgyzstan: An Historical Review and Current Challenges Abstract:Banking in transition economies differs from developing and developed economies with market system. This study aims to review development of the banking system in Kyrgyzstan since independence. The period under consideration is divided into five stages, each of which has a main distinctive aspect. Despite considerable achievements in last fifteen years the banking system still remains vulnerable to external shocks. Moreover, insufficient institutional infrastructure is one of the fundamental factors retarding further development of the banking system. Classification-JEL:G21, N20, P21, P33. Keywords:Banking System, Transition Economies, Kyrgyzstan, Financial Infrastructure. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519525 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180405 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Gamze Öztürk DANI^MAN Title:Determinants of Bank Stability: A Financial Statement Analysis of Turkish Banks Abstract:This paper attempts a financial statement analysis of Turkish banks and explores the determinants of bank stability, as proxied by non-performing loans ratio, using annual data on 27 Turkish banks for the years 2007-2015. We employ dynamic panel data estimation techniques by using the system GMM estimation techniques. Our results indicate that the significant determinants of NPLs that are able to explain the credit risk of Turkish banks include return on assets (ROA), loans to asset ratio, inefficiency index, non-interest income share and loan loss provisions share. We contribute to the literature by properly accounting for endogeneity with adequate specification and validation tests. Classification-JEL:C23, G21. Keywords:Bank Stability, Credit Risk, Non-performing Loans, Determinants, System-GMM. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/519527 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180406 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Gökhan AYKAÇ Title: Testing the Engel Law for Turkey and Income Elasticity of Food Demand: Relationship of Budget Share of Food Expenditure with Household Profile and Total Expenditure (2003-2013) Abstract:This study set out to test the Engel-Law for the food expenditures in Turkey for 2003-2013 period and to estimate the income elasticity of food demand controlling the demographic characteristics of the households. Household Budget Survey data is used for the quantile regression estimation of the Working-Leser model. The results show that the income elasticity of food demand is between 0.62-0.79 for the period. The elasticity is smaller for the conditional quantiles of higher budget share of food. The findings include the relationships of the budget share of food with the age, education, and social security coverage of the household heads as well as with the household s urban/rural location. The probable effects of the 2008 economic crisis also appears in the findings. Classification-JEL:D10, D12, J10, R22. Keywords:Engel Law, Income Elasticity, Food Demand, Food Expenditure, Consumption, Turkey, Quantile Regression. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558353 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180407 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Hüseyin GÜRBÜZ Author-Name:Veysel YILMAZ Title:Investigation of Attitudes and Behaviours of University Students on the Use of Plastic Bags by Structural Equation Modelling Abstract:The raw material of the plastic bag is obtained from sources that are not renewable and do not spoil for long periods in the environment. In society, thinking that recycling is carried out on nylon bags as a result of misinformation may lead to wrong choices and uses. Nowadays, the nylon bags produced after the recycling process are black nylon bags that we all know. Although black nylon bags are banned in many countries, only a few are illegal in our country. Many campaigns have been launched around the world for the use of nylon bags. With the help of these campaigns, consumers are trying to raise their awareness. In our country, such campaigns are few but made on provincial basis. The aim of these studies is to investigate the attitudes and behaviors of Eski_ehir Osmangazi University Statistics Department students to choose cloth bags instead of plastic bag. Classification-JEL:C12, C13, C38, C39, Q53. Keywords:Sustainable Behavior, Plastic Bags, Structural Equation Modelling. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558356 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180408 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Tekin KÖSE Author-Name:Kür_at ÇINAR Title:Can Turkey Escape the Middle-Income Trap? An Institutional Approach to Economic Development Abstract: Since the early 2010 s, Turkey is said to be caught in  middle-income trap characterized by economic stagnation. In this article, we offer an institutional analysis for Turkey, and many other developing nations alike, which aspire to attain higher levels of economic affluence. Using a multimethod approach which combines econometric and historical analyses, we conclude that it would be very hard to progress economically for middle-income countries such as Turkey without addressing their deficiencies in political and economic institutions. Nature of this research enables replicability not only for the case study under analysis, but also for many comparable cases throughout the world. Classification-JEL:O1, O43, O47, C26. Keywords:Political Institutions, Economic Institutions, Economic Development, Turkey. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558357 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180409 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Kamil ORHAN Title:Fatality Fire of the Unemployment Hills: Fatality Tendency and Job Search Tools Abstract:It was searched whether there was any interaction between job search and fatalistic tendency, especially at support and job search processes. In this study, Fatalism Tendency Scale and the special designed demographic analysis form were used. 236 women and 210 men participated in the study. According to the results, fatalism tendency increases with age, decreases with income level and education. However, those with high fatalism tendency are observed to use fewer job search tools. High fatalism tendency group is more likely to use social relations or apply to corporate external agents while low fatalism group prefers direct methods and newspaper advertisements more intensively. Classification-JEL:E24, J64. Keywords:Unemployment, Psychological Effects of Unemployment, Fatalistic Tendency Scale, Fatalism. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558358 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180410 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Osman TEK0R Author-Name:Nesrin DEM0R Title:The Impact of the New Silk Road Project on the Global System as an Economic and Political Instrument Abstract:The world is witnessing the rise of China, which started at the end of the 1970s, accelerated in the early 2000s and continues today. This rise is of interest to all countries in terms of world economypolitics, with the emphasis on economy as well as the idea that powerful economies will bring about political influence. The animation project of the former Silk Road, which was announced in 2013 in particular, is a project with enormous dimensions to be influential on a global scale, with apparently economic purposes but also with political, social and cultural dimensions. The rise of China and the  New Silk Road Initiative are also a threat to the global hegemony of the United States, which won the Second World War and the Cold War afterwards. So much so that today s intense diplomacy, conflict and terrorist incidents in the region and countries on the Pacific, Central Asia and Silk Road routes, especially in the Middle East, and even allegations that the United States has been allied with terrorist organizations in recent times, China-US is described as an element of global sovereignty struggle. In this study, the rise of China, the economic and strategic dimensions of the New Silk Road project, and the relationship between China and the United States were discussed. Classification-JEL:F10, F15. Keywords:China, New Silk Road, Sino-US Relations. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558359 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180411 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Richard Andrew GIRLING Author-Name:Emilia BAMWENDA Title:The Emerging Trend of  Expat-preneurs : A Headache for the Pre-existing Ethnic Entrepreneur Theories Abstract:With regards to entrepreneurship and migration, the overwhelming majority of studies have focused on entrepreneurs within the context of  South to North migration. This demographic is usually referred to in the literature as  ethnic entrepreneurs (Waldinger et al., 1990) or  immigrant entrepreneurs (Volery, 2007). More recently, a new trend is emerging: A small (but potentially significant) number of entrepreneurial migrants are emigrating away from developed economies. Differentiated from the former in terms of becoming entrepreneurs out of volition, and not necessity (Vance et al., 2016), these migrants have been labelled as  Self Initiated Expatriate entrepreneurs (Andresen, 2014) or  expat-preneurs (Solimine, 2015). The emerging trend of expat-preneurs poses several questions (and problems) for the existing theories surrounding ethnic entrepreneurs: Where do expat-preneurs fit into the theoretical landscape? Can the theories - created to account for ethnic entrepreneurs - also explain the behavior of expat-preneurs? This paper reviewed eight of the most prominent theories and found that all eight were created in the context of  South to North migration, with many of them assuming that immigrant entrepreneurs are disadvantaged. As a result, most of the theories are not - in their current state - broad enough to also account for expat-preneurs. Subsequently, most of the existing ethnic entrepreneur theories now need to be broadened to  make room for the phenomenon of expat-preneurs. This paper contributes to the gap in the literature surrounding expatpreneurs, which has been described as an an under-researched phenomenon (Andresen et al., 2014). Classification-JEL:O31, Z13, F66. Keywords:Expat-preneurs, Self-initiated Expat Entrepreneurs, Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Ethnic Entrepreneurship, Lifestyle Migration, Mixed-embeddedness. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558361 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180412 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Mehtap TUNÇ Title:The Role of Women Discrimination and Gender Inequality in Development: The Cross-Section Analysis by Different Income Groups Abstract:In this article, the effects of women s discrimination and gender inequality in the development process are discussed. The aim of the study is to discuss and empirically test the effects of gender inequality on income and human development at the theoretical level within the framework of feminist economic theory that questions women s discrimination on the basis of gender. In this study, the effect of gender inequality due to women discrimination on human development level was investigated by using least squares method. Research findings show that in countries with lower income and human development levels, the increase in gender inequality is higher than that of high-income countries, and that inequalities on gender basis are higher and the feminisation of poverty. The findings of the research support the feminist economic theory which suggests that cultural factors and women s perspective in low-income countries determine the position of women in development. Classification-JEL:J16, J10, O15, O11. Keywords:Women in Development, Employment of Women, Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequality, Feminist Economics. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558363 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180413 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Fatih AKBAYIR Author-Name:Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Title:Fiscal Space and Estimating Methods Abstract:In this paper, it is aimed to examine the estimating methods of the fiscal space, which is a concept that governments focus in recent years. In this direction, six fiscal space estimating methods are explained theoretically. Besides, it is tried to evaluate these methods in terms of advantages and disadvantages through a comparative analysis. It is also examined the risks associated with the methods. As a result, it can be said that incorrect measures of fiscal space may have negative effects on many important factors, from the development stages of the countries to the macro indicators. In addition, considering that the fiscal space of the countries is affected by many economic and noneconomic factors, Ostry et al. (2010) approach attracts considerable attention. Because it takes more account of the general equilibrium situation. Classification-JEL:E62, H62, H63. Keywords:Fiscal Sustainability, Fiscal Risk, Fiscal Space, Ostry et al. Approach, Debt Dynamics. Issue:26(38) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/558367 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180414 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüsnü B0L0R Title: Commons ve Mitchell in  0ktisat ve  Birey Anlay1_lar1 Abstract: The institutional economics which is established in the beginnings of twentieth century stresses such basic concepts as habit, instinct, belief and volition in shaping the human behavior and economic activity and emphasises the role of institutions. This point is especially apparent in John R. Commons and Wesley C. Mitchell. Not completely objecting neoclassical economic theory, Commons and Mitchell stated that this analysis ignored the role of institutional and cultural elements. This paper aims to elaborate the conceptions of  economics and  individual of Commons and Mitchell and demonstrate their emphasis on the role of institutional and cultural elements with regard to both individual behavior and economic system. Classification-JEL: B150, B250, B310, B400, B520. Keywords: The Institutional Economics, John R. Commons, Wesley C. Mitchell, Individual, Society. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510366 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deniz GÜVEN Author-Name: Türker ^0M^EK Author-Name: Ahmet GÜVEN Title: Sal1k Yönetimi Kapsam1nda Sal1k Harcamalar1n1n Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: MENA Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi Abstract: Health expenditures constitute one of the important issues of health management. It is thought that the health expenditures made to meet people s health expectancy will contribute to positive growth by developing human capital and economic growth. With the increasing importance of the human capital, a number of studies have been carried out to determine the existence of the relationship between expenditure on issues such as culture, education and health, and economic growth. While there is a lot of evidence that health expenditure affects economic growth positively in developed countries in the relevant literature, it is the purpose of trying to examine whether there is an effect in the same direction for the countries in the group of developing countries. For this purpose, the relationship between health expenditures and economic growth in the MENA countries for the period 2000-2015 has been tested with the panel data analysis method. Analysis results show that health expenditure in MENA countries has a negative effect on economic growth. In addition, the expectation of life at birth and infant mortality rate have reached an effect in positive direction by economic growth. Classification-JEL: C23, I18, O47. Keywords:Public Health Expenditures, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis, MENA. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510368 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebru KER0MOLU Author-Name: Bü_ra GÜVEN-GÜNEY Title: 0stanbul da Yarat1c1 0_gücünün Eitimi ve Endüstri Pratikleri Üzerine Bir Deerlendirme Abstract: The creative industries, producing high value-added, creating economic dynamism and having opportunities for competitiveness, have been come to the political agendas of countries since the late last century. While the new economic geography has caused new requirements, the universities as institutions for educating labours, are expected to contribute rapidly to the process. But, studies have shown till today, education for creative class is not sufficient to respond the new conditions, are expected. In this study, the reciprocal relation between undergraduate education of creative class and industry, in particular employment practises is analysed. With the current education system, there is a gap between the graduates and needs of the industry, for filling this gap, to establish some links between industry and universities is necessary. At present, the demand for the educated labours for the industry is increasing day by day. The expected benefit by this study is to make clear how coherent the relation between undergraduate education outcomes of creative class, who are such an important for urban development, and industry needs, with respect to the development of creative industries in urban areas. Classification-JEL: O18, O43, R11, Z10. Keywords: Creative Economy, Creative Industries, Creative Class/Capital/Employment, Education, Istanbul. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510369 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: An1l BOZ-SEMERC0 Title: Çal1_anlar1n 0_ Güvencesizlii Alg1s1: Ebeveyn Olan ve Olmayan Çal1_anlar Aras1ndaki Farkl1l1klar Abstract: The present study explores the perceptional dimension of job insecurity and individual differences related to parenting responsibilities. Understanding the perceptual differences of job insecurity contributes the examination of its work and organization related outcomes. For this purpose, the data of this research were obtained from forty-two employees of a private energy company in Turkey. The twenty participants have parenting responsibilities and twenty-two don t have. A semistructured interview was conducted with each employee, and the data were analyzed by content analysis. The obtained findings indicated that employees in the same organization, department, with the same job have different perceptions on job and on importance of job features, concerning to parenting responsibility. In addition, it has been observed that employees differ in the work outcomes (such as absenteeism, intention to leave work) related to job insecurity, depending on their parental status. Classification-JEL: J13, J28, J62 Keywords: Job Insecurity, Parenthood, Job Demand-Control, Work Outcomes. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510092 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deniz GÜVERC0N Title: Scale and Elasticity Properties of Turkish Agricultural Production Function: Political Economy Approach Abstract: In this study, factor elasticities, value of marginal products, and the return to scale are estimated for Turkish agricultural production function by employing Turkish Regional Statistics for the period of 1994-2003. Results imply that there is an increasing return to scale, land has highest factor elasticity, and tractor has highest value of marginal product. We claim that the presence of increasing returns to scale is related to fragmented and scattered land, and small-scale farming in Turkey. Moreover, we claim that the high output and employment share of agriculture are related to populist corporatist politics. In this study, we also emphasize that reasons behind rural areas to be overpopulated are also reasons behind fragmented and small-scale farming, and sluggish movement of agricultural labor to other sectors. Classification-JEL: Q12, Q15, C51. Keywords: Agricultural Production Function, Return to Scale, Marginal Product, Factor Elasticity, Small Scale Farming. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510364 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Tar1k AKARCA Author-Name: Ays1t TANSEL Title: Analyzing Internal Migration to Antalya and Mula through Gravity Modelling Abstract: Antalya and Mula provinces located in southwestern Turkey recently emerged as new magnets for internal migration. In an earlier study, we had pointed out that the dynamics underlying migration to these two provinces differs in many respects from that fueling the population movements to traditional magnets. In this paper, we complement our previous findings by showing how in some other key respects, migration to Antalya and Mula is similar to migration to traditional destinations. We accomplish this by estimating separate gravity models for the two provinces in question, using both OLS and robust regression methods. We find that migration to Antalya and Mula is affected by distance from the origin adversely, and by unemployment differential between the origin and destination, past migration from the origin, population sizes at the origin and destination, and natural disasters at the origin, favorably. Classification-JEL: J21, J61, R23. Keywords: Internal Migration, Labor Market, Gravity Model, Turkey, Antalya, Mula. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510104 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I_1l ^irin SELÇUK Title: Türkiye Sanayi Sektörü Enerji Verimlilii: Geni_letilmi_ Logaritmik Ortalama Divisia Endeks Ayr1_t1rma Yöntemi Uygulamas1 Abstract: In this paper, energy efficiency was examined within the context of the Turkish industry. With the help of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Method, the total energy intensity of the industrial sector was divided into the real energy intensity effect and the structural change of the sector for the period from 2003 to 2011. Afterwards, the total contribution to the real energy intensity of each sub-sector was calculated by the attribution analysis by extending the decomposition. Thus, it can be possible to learn detailed information on the contribution of each subsector to change in energy intensity. Classification-JEL: Q40, Q43, C43. Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Energy Intensity, Decomposition Analysis, Divisia Index. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510371 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ersan ÖZ Author-Name: Selçuk BUYRUKOLU Title: Investment Incentives in the European Union and Selected World Countries Abstract: In this study, investment incentive policies and investment promotion tools employed in the European Union and other selected world countries such as the USA, China, Japan, Russia and South Korea were examined. Firstly, place of the incentive policy recognized throughout the European Union within the Union s legislation is given. In addition, investment promotion tools of each EU member state have been tabulated in a collective manner. After explaining investment incentives employed in the European Union each country stated above were discussed upon one by one. Investment promotion policies and tools applied in these countries were given to underline importance given by those countries to investment. Classification-JEL: D92, O31. Keywords: Investment Incentives, EU, Selected World Countries. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510372 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gökhan DEM0RTA^ Author-Name: Ebuzer AKSEL Title: Bölgesel Kalk1nmada Kamunun Rolü: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of public investments and investment incentives on regional development in Turkey by using panel data method with the period of 2004-2010. For that purpose, the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) Level 2 which divides Turkey into 26 separate regions is used for division of regions. According to the results of the Fixed Effects Model regression, there are two main findings. The first one states that the public investments effect regional development positively. If it is considered in details, the positive effects of public investments on transportation and education is greater than the effects of other public investments. Secondly, the domestic investment incentives do not contribute to the regional development of Turkey while the foreign incentives have positive impact on regional development. Classification-JEL: R58, H00, C33. Keywords: Regional Development, Public Economics, Panel Data Models. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510373 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180309 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aytekin GÜVEN Author-Name: Arzu AKKOYUNLU-WIGLEY Title: The Effects of Market Structure on Uncertainty-Investment Relationship: Evidence from Turkish Manufacturing Industry Abstract: The broad aim of this study is to examine the impact of uncertainty on investment in Turkey. Our particular aim is to test Caballero s (1991) theoretical claim that the negative relationship between investment and uncertainty is more pronounced in imperfectly competitive industries. With that aim in mind a panel of Turkish manufacturing industries for the years 1992-2001 is used to examine the effect of market structure on the investment-uncertainty relationship. Our estimation results show that uncertainty has a reductive effect on investment and that that effect becomes significantly stronger under imperfect competition conditions. Classification-JEL: E22, L60, L13, D81. Keywords: Uncertainty, Investment, Market Structure, Turkish Manufacturing Industry, Dynamic Panel Data Methods. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510374 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180310 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melek AKSU Author-Name: ^akir SAKARYA Title: Pricing of Covered Warrants: An Analysis on Borsa 0stanbul Abstract: This paper examines the pricing of 23 call and 23 put covered warrants based on Eregli Demir Celik Fabrikalar1 T.A.S. stocks, issued and expired in 2015. Black-Scholes, and Gram-Charlier pricing models are used to price covered warrants. Empirical results show that pricing performance of BlackScholes model is better for call warrants while pricing performance of Gram-Charlier model is better for put warrants. It is also indicated that observed market prices are irrationally higher than model prices and both of models are not so succesfull for pricing warrants in Turkey. Classification-JEL: G10, G12. Keywords: Covered Warrants, Black-Scholes, Gram-Charlier, Pricing. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510363 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180311 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tuba DERYA-BASKAN Author-Name: Eda BALIKÇIOLU Title: Firma Bile_enlerinin Halka Aç1k Perakende Firmalar1nda Kurumlar Vergisine Etkisi Abstract: Firms succes, assets and lialibilities are important determinants of the development process of countries both tax revenues and investments. The aim of our study is to research the effect of firm components such as liquidity, firm size, firm level and capital structure open joint manufacturing companies taxes that paid in our country. In this regard 10 open joint manufacturing companies examined for the period of 2010-2016 data taken from Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) using dynamic panel data. At the end of the study firm size, firm performance and capital structure has an impact of taxes paid by open joint manufacturing companies. Classification-JEL: M40, M41, H25, C23. Keywords: Tax, Firm Performance, Capital Structure, Firm Size, Dynamic Panel Data. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510365 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180312 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: An1l DUMAN Title: Education Mismatches in the Labor Markets and Their Impact on Wages across Sectors: Evidence from Turkey Abstract: The incidence of mismatch and its pay effects vary not only across countries but also across sectors due to different institutional arrangements. The first aim of the paper is to estimate education mismatches in the Turkish labor market. Our second aim is to distinguish the impact of education mismatches on wages in public and private sectors. The results of the analysis show returns on overeducation are lower than required education in both sectors similar to many other country examples. Moreover, we also show that wage differences between overeducation and required education are smaller in the private sector, and through Oaxaca decomposition method most of it can be explained by endowments. Lastly, the effect of undereducation on wages differs across sectors and we conclude that human capital model is not applicable to Turkish public sector. Classification-JEL: J24, J31, I26. Keywords: Education Mismatch, Wages, Public, Private Sector, Oaxaca Decomposition. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510367 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180313 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Necmettin ÇEL0K Author-Name: Mehmet KARAÇUKA Title: Bölgesel Kalk1nman1n 0ktisadi Politii: Siyasal Çoulculuk ve Yat1r1m 0li_kisi Abstract: Public and private fixed capital investments are vital dynamics of the regional economic growth. Therefore, the potential determinants of regional allocations of public and private investments must be investigated to establish persistent and balanced regional development. One of them is political pluralism. This study includes analysis of the relationship between political pluralism and regional allocation of public and private investments and also regional economic growth. For this purpose, Fixed Effects Panel Model on which analyzed 26 NUTS-II Regions over 2008-2011 period was established by using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index which created by vote ratios of political parties in 2007 and 2011 Parliamentary Elections. The findings of the model show that political polarization has positive effects on public and private investments and it is important determinant of regional development. Also, literacy and manufacturing rates effects regional growth positively through positive externalities on investments. Classification-JEL: C33, D72, R11. Keywords: Regional Development, Investment Decisions, Political Pluralism, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510370 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180314 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeynep ERÜNLÜ Title: Do Depreciations Really Trigger an Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment? The Case of Turkey Abstract: In this study, the relationship between real exchange rate and foreign direct investment is examined using the Logistic Smooth Transition - Autoregressive Distributed Lag (LST-ARDL) model. Analyzing the effect of real exchange rate changes on foreign direct investment is very crucial for a developing country like Turkey which has a relatively large foreign debt stock. The estimation results show that foreign direct investment inflows to Turkey increase when Turkish Lira appreciates against the US dollar and this effect is especially strong during periods of high investment inflows. Thus, for Turkey to attract productive capital flows rather than unstable short-term portfolio flows it has to maintain a strong currency against the US dollar. Classification-JEL: C22, F21, F31. Keywords: Exchange Rate, Foreign Direct Investment, Smooth Transition Regression Model, Threshold Effect. Issue:26(37) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/510375 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180315 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Selçuk Çar1 ESENER Author-Name:Evren 0PEK Title: The Impacts of Public Expenditure, Government Stability and Corruption on Per Capita Growth: An Empirical Investigation on Developing Countries Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effects of public expenditure, government stability and corruption on economic growth with other control variables namely openness and population growth. The empirical analyses are utilized by using annual panel data for 33 countries which are classified as Upper and Lower Middle-Income Countries by World Bank. The sample period covers the years between 1999 and 2014. The empirical analyses are performed by both the static panel data approach and dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques. The estimation results point out statistically significant positive impacts of government stability and openness variables on per capita growth in these developing countries. Moreover, corruption, population growth and public expenditure variables are found to cause some significant decreasing effects on economic growth. Classification-JEL:E60, F43, H00, H50, O47. Keywords:Economic Growth, Government Stability, Corruption, Public Expenditure, Panel Data Analysis. Issue:26(36) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456774 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Taner TURAN Author-Name:Mesut KARAKA^ Title:The Relationship between Government Spending and Revenue: Nonlinear Bounds Testing Approach (NARDL) Abstract:This paper examines the relationship between the central government spending (excluding interest payments) and revenue by means of Nonlinear Bounds Testing approach for 1998:Q1-2016:Q4 period. This approach enables us to make a distinction between the positive and negative shocks. Our empirical findings indicate that a positive change in the government spending has a positive impact on the revenue while the positive (negative) changes in the revenue lead to an increase (decrease) in the government spending in the long run. This supports the presence of fiscal synchronization hypothesis in Turkey. Moreover, it seems that there exists an asymmetric effect of changes in the revenue on the government spending in the long run. Classification-JEL:H5, H63, H20. Keywords:Spend-Revenue Nexus, Asymmetry, Fiscal Synchronization, Taxspend. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456777 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Nazife REÇBER Author-Name:Hatice ^ENGÜL Title:Determination of Urbanization Levels for 10 Rapidly Urbanizing Cities of Turkey Abstract:This study determined the change in urbanization index of 10 fast urbanizing cities with population densities of more than 180 capita/km2 for the time period between 2009 and 2014. The urbanization index was estimated using information entropy weighting method using selected social, economic and spatial indicators. Findings indicate high rates of urbanization in all cities during the time period except the city of Zonguldak. Yalova and Gaziantep were identified as cities with higher rates of economic urbanization compared to other cities. High rates of urbanization during the time period 2009-2014 indicate urbanization specific issues in Turkey will increase in the future. Classification-JEL:R0. Keywords:Urbanization, Urbanization Level, Urbanization Index, Economic Urbanization. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456782 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:I_1l Zeynep TURKAN-0PEK Title:Elections in Risk Society Abstract:New political movements and ideological patterns become more and more frequent regarding to the contemporary political and social transformations on local and global contexts. Referring mostly to the post concepts, we can observe the actuality and development of risk society in global level. On one hand, global developments have a considerable impact on local changes and on the other hand, countries become more and more introverted and conservative that influences the transformation of the leader s discourse and electoral behavior. This article aims to analyze the development of risk society, extreme right political tendencies and political volatility in international politics starting with terrorist attacks in Europe until 2015-2016; Brexit decision of England; presidential election results in United-States. Our analysis will be based on the following concepts of risk society, post-truth and populism. Classification-JEL:Y80. Keywords:Globalism, Risk Society, Populism, Post-Truth, Elections. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456784 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Emrah KOÇAK Author-Name:N1sfet UZAY Title:Democracy, Economic Freedoms and Economic Growth: An Investigation on the Role of Institutions Abstract:The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the institutional quality on economic growth in high, medium and low-income countries in the period of 1995-2013. In this study, institutional quality is represented as a component of democracy and economic freedoms. The institutional quality index for each country is calculated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method using democracy and economic freedoms indicators. Then, the relationship between the institutional quality index and economic growth is estimated by panel data analysis method (panel unit root, panel cointegration, panel causality analysis). The estimation results for all groups of countries are as follows: (i) the panel cointegration test confirms a long-run equilibrium relationship between institution quality and economic growth. (ii) According to this relationship, institutional quality has a positive effect on economic growth. (iii) The panel causality tests support a bidirectional causality between institution quality and economic growth. The results of the analysis indicate that institutions are a significant influence on economic growth. Classification-JEL:E02, O43, C01. Keywords:Democracy, Economic Freedoms, Institutions, Economic Growth, Panel Data, Principal Component Analysis Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456785 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:0smail ÇEV0^ Author-Name:Re_at CEYLAN Author-Name:Nihal YAYLA Title:The Comparative Advantage of Contagion Channels of EU Debt Crisis to Turkish Economy Abstract:In this study, examining the contagion channels of EU debt crisis to Turkey, a financial fragility index is composed for the period of 2004:Q1-2014:Q3 to represent the debt crises. The relationship between this index and capital and finance channel (IIP), foreign trade channel (TTV), expectations channel (CCI and RCI) was analyzed by ARDL (Bound Test) method. Findings illustrates that there is a long run relationship between financial fragility index, real sector confidence index, trade volume and international investment position and that direction of the causality is from financial fragility index to other variables. As a result, EU debt crisis affects Turkey from all three channels, but the expectations channel has a comparative advantage. Classification-JEL:C13, F41, F62, G01, O57. Keywords:EU Debt Crisis, Financial Fragility index, Capital and Finance Channel, Foreign Trade Channel, Expectation Channel, ARDL. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456786 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Hüseyin ^EN Author-Name:Ay_e KAYA Author-Name:Bar1_ ALPASLAN Title:Education, Health, and Economic Growth Nexus: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis for Developing Countries Abstract:This paper studies an empirical analysis of the causality between education expenditure, health expenditure, and economic growth for the selected eight developing countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey) over the period 1995-2012. For this purpose, we employ the Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality test. Our findings indicate that only in two of eight developing countries (Brazil and Mexico) there exists a significant and positive causality, running from education and health expenditure to economic growth. However, we found a significant but negative causality among education expenditure, health expenditure, and economic growth for Indonesia. For the rest of the countries that we consider in this paper, no causality was found between these variables. Classification-JEL:I15, I25, O11, E62. Keywords:Education and Health Expenditure, Economic Growth, Developing Countries, Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456823 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Hakan B0L0R Title:An Analysis of January Effect on Different BIST Indexes in Turkish Stock Markets Abstract:Efficient Market Theory has been the single and controlling theory of portfolio management for many years. But the Behavioural Finance discipline has challenged the assumptions of Efficient Market Hypothesis, particularly the investor rationality concept. It has incorporated emotion and psychology too into investment behaviour study. The January effect -or the abnormally large returns on common stocks in most months of January- has been one of the most intriguing issues in financial economics. Behavioral finance attempts to give some explanations about these anomalies as psychological and emotional factors involved in the stock market and that affect the behavior of investors and the market efficiency. In this article, January effect known as market anomalies is tested by power ratio method which is developed by Gu (2003). Monthly logarithmic returns of years 2009- 2016 for XU100, XUHIZ, XUMAL, XUSIN ve XUTEK Indexes are used in the analysis. Consequently, except one, existence of January effect is found at five of four indexes in Turkey stock market. Classification-JEL:G1, G14, C22. Keywords:Behavioral Finance, January Effect, Power Ratio Method. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456829 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:0brahim ÖZMEN Title:Endless Quarrel: Tax, an Example of Passive Resistance in the Tax Henry Thoreau Abstract:This study deals with the tax resistance which has caused major changes in the history of mankind from the work of Henry Thoreau. In this study, the concept of passive resistance which is one of the tax resistance types is evaluated in the context of civil disobedience. The scope of this work constitutes Henry Thoreau s concept of disobedience which is first spread to individual but later social layers. The concept of civil disobedience in tax gives the impression that there are some common points in the cause and effect context where the taxpayers are faced with authority. In this sense, taxes, wars, and attitudes of individuals are historically meaningful. Classification-JEL:H20, H26, H30. Keywords:Endless Quarrel, Tax, Henry Thoreau, Civil Disobedience, Passive Resistance. Issue:26(36) Year:2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456836 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Erol BULUT Author-Name:Bashir Ismail ABDOW Title:Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya Abstract:Kenya is the newest to join a growing number of countries opting for decentralization over centralization. Aimed to promote democracy, national unity, self-governance, equitable sharing of resources and creating checks and balances and the separation of powers; devolution in Kenya comes with massive expectations in a country that have failed to achieve its potentials. There exist challenges such as persistence of the old system, growing recurrent expenditure, shortage of qualified manpower, reported cases of corruption and lack of active local participation. Despite these challenges, a supportive constitution, vibrant civil society, and the democratic political structure of the country provide opportunities for devolution to succeed in Kenya. Classification-JEL:H72, H76. Keywords:Decentralization, Local Government, Devolution, Kenya. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456840 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Erdem YÖRÜK Title:The Rise of China and the New Capitalism Abstract:This article presents a theoretical discussion about the new forms of capitalism in the context of the economic and political rise of China. The article raises a discussion on the changes that the rise of China has instigated in both China and the world capitalism. This is considered in the context of mode of production, international trade, state and capital, by analysing China and capitalism from the perspective of long historical periods. In doing this, the article benefits from the work of and polemics between Giovanni Arrighi, Joel Andreas ve Richard Walker, who provided very important contemporary debates on this issue in the field of historical sociology. Classification-JEL:P16, P26. Keywords:China, Capitalism, Economy, State, Class. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456843 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Nilgün ACAR-BALAYLAR Author-Name:Mehmet Ozan ÖZDEM0R Title:Capital Adequacy and Profitability Relationship for Foreign Deposit Banks in Turkey Abstract:In this study the relationship between profitability and the capital requirements was analysed for the foreign capital deposit banks in Turkey. Although there are many studies in the Turkish banking sector on profitability analysis, the studies on bank groups is limited. In this study the capital requirements and the profitability relationship for the foreign capital banks was analysed with data from 2004-2016 based on ARDL approach. The study concludes that there is a significant and positive relationship between the capital requirements and probability for foreign capital deposit banks in Turkey. Similar results were also found in our previous study on national capital deposit banks for the relationship between capital requirements and profitability. Classification-JEL:G21, F65. Keywords:Foreign Banks, Capital Requirements, ARDL. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456849 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Mehmet Fatih YALÇIN Title:Industry 4.0, Turning Point in the Global Competition in Terms of Turkey Abstract:Rapid developments in technology in the World accelerated the industrial 4.0 revolution. This revolution that is developing on the basis of information technologies, so that economic environment brings radical changes. The impact on this revolution on scale economies and global competition increases the importance of the revolution. In this study; technological developments and industry 4.0 describe the possible effects it will have on Turkey. Classification-JEL:O14, O25, O31, O32. Keywords:Industry 4.0, Technology, Digitization, Added Value, Innovation. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456863 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:S1la GENÇ Title:Turkey s Proceed on Industry 4.0 Abstract:At the present time, the concept of industrial 4.0 has a global significance in terms of competitiveness and economic growth and this is expected to be an anchor in the Turkey s industry transformation. It is necessary to take stable and considerable steps for transformation. In this study; it will be mentioned the development of industrial revolutions thereafter the effects of the fourth industrial revolution to Turkey s economy will be evaluated an offered suggestion. Classification-JEL:O14, O25, O31, O32. Keywords:Digital Transformation, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456869 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180214 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Kaz1m Can KOCA Title:Industry 4.0: Chances and Threats from the Point of Turkey Abstract:As a new industrial revolution following mechanization, electricity and IT, Industry 4.0 has brought a production system based on the brain power, not the muscle power, by removing the human from the production process. Industry 4.0, which was first used in Germany in 2013, is not a very distant concept for our country. But there are still many ways to get to this area. In this study, the concept of Industry 4.0 was explained, followed by information on Turkey's threats and opportunities during the Industry 4.0 process. Classification-JEL:O14, O25, O31, O32. Keywords:Industry, Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456888 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180215 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Halit AYDEM0R Title:Industry 4.0 and its Impact on Turkish Economy Abstract:In this study, the effects of Industry 4.0 on the global world economy and Turkey's economy, advantages and disadvantages, the bond of Industry 4.0 with other revolutions are discussed. In this framework to be followed in Industry 4.0 development process aimed to draw a road map for Turkey. Methodically, comparative analyzes between countries and years have been used. Classification-JEL:O14, O25, O31, O32. Keywords:Industry 4.0, Turkish Economy, Smart Factories, Productivity. Issue:26(36) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/456879 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180216 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: 0hsan Cemil DEM0R Title: Mükellef Perspektifinden Vergi Tarifeleri: Türkiye Örnei Abstract: In particular, the structure of ad valorem tax schedules is a controversial topic in public finance literature. Some people argue that the tax schedules should be progressive or degressive depending on the amount of income. Also some people argue that the income increasing should not affect the tax schedules (flat tax). This paper is prepared for this purpose would be carried out to determine the taxpayers preferences and the main factors which affect this choice. In the study, the opinions of taxpayers about ad valorem taxes are asked by using a questionnaire which is prepared by me. 1520 taxpayers preferences especially about personal income tax are determined and the factors which define the preferences are presented with the ordered probit regression analysis. 70% of taxpayers prefer progressive taxation, 18% of taxpayers prefer flat tax and 12% of taxpayers prefer degressive taxation. According to regression results the main factors which influence the taxpayers preferences about tax schedules are public expenditures, trend of tax evasion, perception of shadow economy, business competition, perception of social security contributions, tax burden, tax justice, religion, conventionality, age, job and education level. Classification-JEL: H21, H24, H29 Keywords: Optimal Taxation, Tax Schedules, Progressive Taxation, Flat Tax Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404226 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Utku ALTUNÖZ Title: Investigating the Presence of Fisher Effect for the China Economy Abstract: In economic science, Fisher effect is known as the long run relationship between interest rates and inflation rates. According to Fisher, when economy at the full employment, increase in inflation is fully reflects to the nominal interest rates. Fisher equation is used to formulate the relationship between inflation and interest rates. Equation stands out the evidence about money growing, inflation and rates. In this study, the validity of fisher effect for China was tested over the period 1996:01 - 2015:03, the long run relationship between nominal interest rate and inflation rate was examined by using ARDL Bounds Testing Approach which was developed by Peseran et al. Before ARDL, theoretical background of Fisher Effect was explained. Following the literature survey, stationary situations were tested by Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. After that Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bounds Test was applied on variables. According to result of study, the presence of fisher effect in China was supported. Classification-JEL: C12, C22, E31, E43 Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, Fisher Effect, Error Correction Model, Co-integration Analysis, ARDL Bounds Test Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404263 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nesrin DEM0R Author-Name: Nezih Metin ÖZMUTAF Title: Sivil Toplum Kurulu_lar1n1n Süryani Kültürü Kapsam1nda Bölgesel Ticarete Olan Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Çal1_ma Abstract: The main purpose of the research is to determine the effects of civil society organisations concerned with Assyrian culture on the regional trade. The questionnaire designed in this framework had been applied to 102 Assyrian individuals concerning 4 civil society organisations in the Southeast Anatolia (the city of Mardin and the district of Midyat) between October 2014 and February 2015. The questionnaire is composed of three parts and 37 propositions, which include socio-demografic factors, civil society and regional trade in general and civil society and regional trade with reference to the activities of the civil society organisations and Assyrian culture. Most of the participants share the opinion that the relationship of individuals and civil society organisations, the condition of the regional trade and the support and the ability to access for regional trade are not comprehended adequately. Classification-JEL: F1, R1 Keywords: Civil Society, Trade, Assyrian Culture, Location Economics Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404265 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yamur TOKATLIOLU Author-Name: 0brahim TOKATLIOLU Title: Türkiye de Katastrofik Sal1k Harcamalar1 ve Bu Harcamalar1 Belirleyen Faktörler: 2002-2014 Dönemi Abstract: When households must pay fees or co-payments for health care, the amount can be so high in relation to their income that it results in  financial catastrophe for the individual or the household. Such high expenditure can mean that people should cut down on necessities such as food and clothing, or are unable to pay for their children s education. Catastrophic heath expenditure occurs when a household s total out-of-pocket health payments equal or exceed 40% of household s capacity to pay or non-subsistence spending. In this study, it is aimed to find out general situation of catastrophic health expenditures and determine the factors that affect these expenditures of households in the period between 2002 and 2014 in Turkey. By using micro data set of Household Budget Survey, published by Turkish Statistical Institute, it is found that households incur in catastrophe is averagely 0.49% and households became poor after paying for health services is averagely 0.22% in the period between 2002 and 2014. The logistic regression results indicate that probability to make catastrophic health expenditure is determined by these factors: age, marital status, disability status, household size, access to healthcare services, income level, employment situation, educational level, gender, insurance status, and place of residence. Classification-JEL: I13, I18, C83 Keywords: Out-of-pocket Health Expenditures, Catastrophic Health Expenditures, Logistic Regression Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404274 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alpaslan AKÇORAOLU Title: Küresel Stagnasyon ve 0ktisadi Stagnasyon Teorilerinin Kar_1la_t1rmal1 Analizi Abstract: This article explores one of the most significant problems of contemporary global capitalism, namely  secular stagnation , in the light of theories of the three different schools of economic thought (Neo-classical, Post-Keynesian and Radical Political Economy). In the age of stagnation, the ability of global capitalist system to maintain its stability and survival has declined significantly. The long-run stagnation has weakened the consensus among social classes, leading to a  political crisis and an increasing authoritarian tendency in contemporary capitalism. This paper divides modern orthodox theoretical explanations of stagnation into three categories: demand-sided theories (Summers/Krugman), supply-sided ones (Gordon) and theories denying the existence of stagnation (Bernanke & Rogoff). Although some leading orthodox economists accept that there has been a strong tendency of stagnation in advanced capitalist world since the start of this century, they neither consider stagnation to be a consequence of capitalist accumulation process nor one of neo-liberal variant of capitalism. In contrast, analyzing stagnation from a wider perspective with historical, social and political dimensions, heterodox theories have stronger theoretical foundations than those of orthodox theories. While Post-Keynesians argue that stagnation stems from structural/chronic demand deficiency caused by neo-liberalism enhancing income inequalities, radical political economists emphasize that stagnation is a  systemic problem inherent to monopoly, mature capitalism. Classification-JEL: E11, E13, O11, P16 Keywords: Global Stagnation, Summers/Krugman Hypothesis, Post-Keynesian Economics, Radical Political Economy Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404276 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Semen SON-TURAN Title: Türkiye de Yüksekörenim Finansman1n1n Özelle_tirilmesi Abstract: This study aims at developing a model for the privatization of higher education finance in Turkey. While the primary target is the NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) population, it offers a broad range of potential solutions involving asset securitization for higher education financing. Data is driven from secondary sources. The paper presents an interdisciplinary approach for privatizing higher education finance involving the labor market, higher education institutions and the Turkish capital market and constitutes a unique contribution to the Turkish higher education finance literature. Classification-JEL: I22, I23, G10 Keywords: Securitization, Financial Markets, Privatization of Higher Education Finance, Financing Higher Education Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404281 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Orkun ÇEL0K Author-Name: Deniz ERER Author-Name: Elif ERER Title: 2008 Küresel Krizinin Bireysel Emeklilik Fonlar1 Oynakl11 Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örnei Abstract: The aim of study is to analysis the effect of global crisis on private pension system in Turkey. This is covered 05.01.2014-18.11.2016 (Weekly) period and is employed by ARMA(9,8)- EGARCH(1,1) model. It is infered from the results that global financial crisis increased the volatility of private pension funds. This situation states that global financial crisis affected negatively private pension funds. Classification-JEL: D14, E21, J32 Keywords: Global Crisis, Saving, Private Pension Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404285 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selcen ÖZTÜRK Title: Türkiye de 0_gücüne Kat1l1mda Bölgesel Farkl1l1klar Abstract: Main purpose of this study is to analyse the regional dynamics in labour force participation rates in Turkey. The main determinants of labour force participation is analysed via dynamic system GMM methodology, using regional statistics from Turkish Statistical Institute. The estimation results are checked for robustness using different definitions of regions and with the aid of regional dummies. The findings of the study support the working hypothesis of this study and reveals different dynamic processes for regions. Therefore, policies aiming to increase labour force participation rates should acknowledge region/time specific dimensions. Classification-JEL: R11, R23, J21, C23 Keywords: Labour Force Participation, Regional Development, Dynamic Panel Data, GMM Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404289 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I_1l Fulya ORKUNOLU-^AH0N Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Title: Mükelleflerin Vergiye Direnme Yöntemleri ve Türkiye de Günah Vergilerindeki Art1_lar1n Deerlendirilmesi Abstract: Although taxation has been voluntarily given like gifts and donations in kind for the price of security, serenity and collective life in ancient times, it has become mandatory in particular in many civilizations in history due to the establishment of the first states and their taxation authorities. For example, it can be included in this scope that in Ancient Greece; head tax, estate tax, taxes on their animals, farms and production of high income landowners and in Rome; income from places defeated by conquest, customs tax, sales tax, inheritance and transfer tax, as ispençe taxes paid on the territory and the haraç tax from production of foreign nationals of the Ottoman State or their poll tax due to the not being able to perform their military service. As a result, nowadays the negative perception of taxpayers which occured with increasing tax payments day by day and necessity of paying cash requires that the taxpayer s psychology to be considered in terms of tax compliance. In this context, in the study, the taxation and taxpayers psychology, the main factors causing tax resistance and the taxpayers resistance methods, sin taxes and the development of these taxes in Turkey and the possible effects of the increases in the sin taxes which may lead to reaction behaviors of the taxpayers were touched on. Classification-JEL: H2, H26, Z13 Keywords: Taxpayer Psychology, Behavioral Responses to Tax, Sin Taxes, Turkey Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404290 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atilla Ahmet UUR Author-Name: Demet ÖZOCAKLI Title: G1da Güvencesizliinin Baz1 Belirleyicileri (Kantil Regresyon Yöntemi ve Sabit Etki Panel Yönteminin Kar_1la_t1r1lmas1) Abstract: Food security has been discussed by reports issued by the United Nations and World Bank in recent years. Food insecurity is an important topic for underdevepoled and developing countries with food shortage. In the literatüre, food insecurity/security has been investigated using different econometric methods with cross section and time series data. It seems that the studies focused on one country or a specific region of one country at the household level. The aim of this study is to identify some determinants of food security in the underdeveloped or developing 80 countries with food shortages between 2000 and 2015. Fort his purpose, Kntil Regression Method is used. While the dependent variable in the generated model is the percentage of undernutrition prevalence in place of food insecurity, independent variables; per capita real GDP calculated based on US dollars at fixed prices in 2010, defined as the net food production index containing only edible and nutritious foods, the percentage of Access to developed water resources within the food safety indicators set by FAO and the percentage of acsess to improved sanitasion facilities within the food safety indicators set by FAO. Results show that the effects of explanatory variables (per capita real GDP, net food production index, access to improved water source, accses to improved sanitation facilities) are changing on food insecurity for different quantiles (Ä = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.95) whereas Gaussian fixed effect estimators can only predict the avarage effect on food insecurity. It is found that strong relationship between per capita real GDP and net food prodcution index with food insecurity while it is found that weak relationship between access to improved water source and access to improved sanitation facilities with food insecurity. Classification-JEL: C21, C23, C38, E01, E23, L66 Keywords: Food Insecurity, Quantile Regression Method, Fixed Effect Panel Method Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404295 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Orhan KARACA Title:Türkiye de Bölgesel Yak1nsaman1n 50 Y1l1: Yeni Veri Seti ve 1960-2010 Dönemi Analizi Abstract: One of the major problems of regional economics literature in Turkey is the lack of data. Regional data in Turkey rarely go before the 1990s. Moreover, outgoing regional data for previous years are not generally comparable. In this study, firstly, a comparable regional income data set was created for the period 1960-2014 through using the results of the studies made for the calculation of regional income data in Turkey. Then, regional convergence analyses were performed using this new data set. These analyses were carried out for the period 1960-2010 and over 26 regions covered by NUTS Level 2. As a result of the analyses made, it is found that there is no convergence between regions in Turkey during the period 1960-2010. Classification-JEL: C21, C23, O18, R11 Keywords: Regional Income, Convergence, Cross-Sectional Analysis, Panel Data Analysis Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404296 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hasan Bülent KANTARCI Title: Türkiye de Akaryak1t Üzerinden Al1nan Vergilerin OECD ve AB Ülkeleri ile Kar_1la_t1r1lmas1 Abstract: In this article, the Special Consumption Tax on fuel products was researched and compared with OECD and EU member countries and economic effects were explained. In Turkey, Special Consumption Tax (SCT) and Value Added Tax (VAT) are mainly based on fuel products. When Turkey is compared to the OECD countries, the taxes on fuel products are ranked the 7th highest after Israel, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Italy, Finland and Greece. When Turkey is compared with 28 EU countries, the average weighted tax rate for 28 EU countries is 66.37%. In Turkey, this ratio is 66.59%. When we look at EU tax rates on diesel and per liter, EU average tax rate is 61.47%. In Turkey, this rate is 60.61%. From these results we see that the rate of the tax on diesel in Turkey remained below the EU average tax rate. However, the fact that the current tax practice in Turkey is higher than the income and corporate taxation has resulted in a burden on some sectors and a slowdown in economic development. Classification-JEL: F53, F55, F59 Keywords: Fuel Taxation in Turkey, Special Consumption Tax, Value-added Tax Issue: 26(35) Year: 2018 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/404301 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:180112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa SAKAL Author-Name: Ali Gökhan GÖLÇEK Title: Osmanl1 Devleti nde Mali Bunal1m ve Reform Abstract: The Ottoman State faced with many financial and administrative crises, especially after the 16th century. As well as the relevant crisis periods are called as depressed ones, they also have an important place in terms of fading of the state after the rising period of that. In this context, as the comprehension between arm and finance began to weaken, the crises began to become chronic and caused the state to regress and enter into a period of disintegration. Although appearance of the crises may seem because of the administrative reasons, it would generally be more appropriate to attribute them to the developments in the west. The Ottoman State stayed behind the European states due to the reasons such as especially renaissance and reform movements, industrial revolution, development of capitalist production system etc, and couldn t keep pace with new order. However, the factors such as the inability to win wars, corruption of land management applied, inadequate production in domestic market, and some financial disruptions have also been identified as factors that trigger the crisis in the Ottoman State. In this study, the causes of the financial crisis in the Ottoman Empire will be examined, and how the changes performed to overcome the financial crisis resulted will be discussed.Besides, the topic of that to what extent a set of essential innovation movements organized by management straightened the financial structure establishes the original aspect of the study. Classification-JEL: H39, N13, N33 Keywords: Financial Crisis, Ottoman State, Reform Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/338227 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170401 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aysel GÜNDODU Title: Türk Bankac1l1k Sisteminde Düzenleme ve Denetlemenin Etkinliini Ölçmeye Yönelik Bir Analiz Abstract: The aim of this study is to measure efficiency of Turkish banking regulation and supervision via banking act, decree law and additional papers after 1980 term. The hypothesis of this study states that there is an increase of Turkish banking regulation and supervision efficiency. According to the findings of the study; there is an increase of Turkish banking legal efficiency in the regulation and supervision after the events of 1980. Classification-JEL: G18, G21, G28, G38 Keywords: Regulation and Supervision, Turkish Banking System, Banking Act Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/338228 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170402 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gökçe MANAVGAT Author-Name: Necmettin ÇEL0K Title: Sal1k Düzeyinin Belirleyicilerine Yönelik Mekânsal Bir Analiz: Türkiye 0BBS-3 Örnei Abstract: Turkey s health outcomes are far behind the average of OECD countries and there are significant differences between its regions as well, for this reason it is important to identify the determinants of the health status. In this study, considering the externalities in the health care, the possible determinants of health status have been analysed by using Spatial Panel Data method for 2008-2014 and at the level of 81 provinces. According to the Fixed Effects Spatial Lag Panel model estimations, there are positive spillover between provinces on health status. Also the findings reveal that the level of income and proportion of the population covered social security scheme are most important determinants of health status, and also education level, urbanization rate and ease of access to healthcare facilities are among the findings that improve health. On the other hand there are no statistical evidences that the investment incentives for health and technology level of provinces have a positive effect on health status. All these results indicate that reducing of development disparities between regions, expansion of the population covered under social security scheme and facilitating access to health services are important policies for the point of eliminating the differences in health status. The effectiveness of investment incentives for health care should also be closely monitored in Turkey. Classification-JEL: C31, I10, I14, I18 Keywords: Health Transformation Program, Health Status, Health Inequality, Spatial Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/338229 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170403 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Author-Name: 0lker YAMAN Title: Ulusal Varl1k Fonlar1n1 Anlamak: F1rsat M1, Tehdit Mi? Abstract: Sovereign Wealth Funds, which have become one of the most popular financial instrument of recent years and were accepted as both institutional innovation and financial power in international financial markets, have reached a level that can shape the structure of national economies with total assets of 7.445 trillion dollars. The fact that sovereign wealth funds have reached a considerable volume today makes it possible for both the host country and the home country to influence the economic conditions at the macroeconomic and microeconomic dimension.The fact that sovereign wealth funds, which have a size that can affect national economies, are in the state property, which is the most striking and controversial feature, places such funds in the target of criticism. However, there are also opinions that sovereign wealth funds act only for economic purposes. This study investigates the driving forces behind the development of sovereign wealth funds, which are examined as international institutional investors, as well as the funding sources and the purposes of such funds. In addition, this study discusses whether sovereign wealth funds are a useful tool for economies, and the ideas that are directed at and favored against these funds. Classification-JEL: G15, G23, E44, E60 Keywords: Sovereign Wealth Funds, Institutional Investors, Financial Markets, Economic Role. Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/338233 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170404 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: 0brahim Ya_ar GÖK Author-Name: Ozan ÖZDEM0R Title: Borsa 0stanbul Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinin Performans Karakteristii Abstract: In this study, the performance of Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index is compared with the benchmark index (BIST100 index) and the period between November 4, 2014 and December 30, 2016 is investigated. In the perspective of risk-adjusted return analysis, the Sharpe ratio for Sustainability Index is higher than BIST100 index. Also, Jensen alpha is positive although near zero and statistically not significant. Hence, the performance of Sustainability Index is not systematically different from BIST100 index. Beta value is above 1 and statistically significant, which means that the risk of Sustainability Index is significantly higher than BIST100 index. According to the results for the joint hypothesis in the context of risk and return, the financial output of Sustainability Index is significantly different from BIST100 index. EGARCH (1,1) estimation results for the conditional volatility modelling of indices demonstrate that for both indices the volatility persistence is high and negative shocks have greater influence on the volatility than positive shocks. These results indicate that leaving aside the investors s personal values, there is no financial incentives for investors in terms of financial output of Sustainability Index. However, the response of the investors can differentiate in time considering that the Sustainability Index is created recently, the socially responsible investment approach is relatively new and the awareness regarding the subject can be increased. Classification-JEL: G11, M14, Q56 Keywords: Socially Responsible Investment, Sustainability Index, CAPM, RiskReturn Analysis, EGARCH Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/351535 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170405 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin ^EN Author-Name: Ay_e KAYA Title: Mali Konsolidasyon Büyüme ve 0stihdam için Bir Ç1pa m1, Mali Tuzak m1? Teorik ve Ampirik Literatür Temelli Bir Analiz* Abstract: This study undertakes a topic, which stands at an important issue of many countries economic agenda from the viewpoint of growth and employment; in the light of existing theoretical as well as empirical studies in this regard, the study aims to review with regard to the effect of fiscal consolidation on growth and employment. The study reveals that there is no consensus in the existing theoretical and empirical literature as to whether fiscal consolidation is an anchor or a fiscal trap for growth and employment but a fiscal consolidation programme that is put into practice in a sluggish growth environment increases the risk of the fiscal trap. Classification-JEL: E60, E62, H60 Keywords: Fiscal Consolidation, Economic Growth, Employment, Fiscal Anchor, Fiscal Trap, Keynesian and Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/351536 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170406 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:F1rat GÜNDEM Title: Türkiye de 0BBS 2 Bölgeleri Aras1nda Gelir Yak1nsamas1 Var m1d1r? Mekânsal Ekonometrik Bir Katk1 Abstract: In this research, the existence of income convergence between NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 nd level) territories was analyzed for 1987-2001 and 2004-2011 terms. For convergence analyses, spatial econometrics methods (SAR, SEM) were used, as well as classical methods. According to classical convergence analyses, territorial income convergence was occurred in high speed between NUTS 2 territories of Turkey during 1987-2001 and 2004-2011 terms; on the other hand, according to spatial statistical methods convergence was occurred either quite slow or not occurred. In addition to the conclusions of the study, it was found that there wasn t a positive effect of territorial public investments on territorial income convergence. Classification-JEL: O47, R12, R15 Keywords: Neoclassical Convergence, Spatial Convergence, SAR, SEM Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/351537 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170407 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harun TERZ0 Author-Name: Asiye TÜTÜNCÜ Title: Türkiye de Üretici Fiyat Endeksi ve Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi Aras1ndaki 0li_kinin 0ncelenmesi: ARDL S1n1r Testi Yakla_1m1 Abstract: Producer price index and consumer price index are used instead of each other for calculating inflation rate and various economic indicators. However, if there is a long-run relationship between the variables, this process can provide effective results. Otherwise, the results vary according to the price index. Therefore, in this study, long and short-run relationships between producer and consumer price index was investigated. As a result of analysis performed with ARDL, bounds test for the period of 2010:m5-2016:m4 in Turkey, bi-directional and statistically significant causality has been found between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) both in the short and long run. Classification-JEL: E31, C22 Keywords: : Producer Price Index, Consumer Price Index, ARDL, Bounds Test Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/352947 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170408 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmut ZORTUK Author-Name: Semih KARACAN Author-Name: Noyan AYDIN Title: Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Selected Transition Economies: Quantile Panel-Type Analysis Approach1 Abstract: In this study, impacts of energy consumption on economic growth is investigated for transition economies case. For this purpose, Unconditional Panel Quantile regression (UQR) approach proposed by Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (2009) is applied, using panel data from 13 selected transition countries between 1996 and 2014. Results show that the impact of energy consumption increases until the 40. Quantile apart from the decrease between 10. to 20. quantiles and then starts to decrease rapidly. This reverse U shaped change may be due to sectoral policy changes. Classification-JEL: O40, Q43 Keywords: Transition Countries, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Unconditional Quantile Regression Analysis Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/357048 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170409 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Çar1 Levent USLU Title: Provincial Income Inequality and Spatial Autocorrelation Across Turkish Provinces: 1992-20131 Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate provincial income inequality, the degree of spatial autocorrelation between provinces in Turkey and to determine whether low and high income provinces are randomly distributed or not. Gini Results indicate that coefficients are increasing throughout the period, and regional income inequality is increasing over time. The difference between the Weighted and Unweighted Gini coefficients reveals that the level of inequality further increases when population shares of provinces are taken into consideration. Spatial autocorrelation results indicate that there is a strong spatial autocorrelation between provinces. Low (high) income provinces are mostly surrounded by low (high) income provinces. Results also indicate a tentative border between the high income west and poor income east provinces. This border moves even further west throughout the period under question. This fact may be interpreted as further concentration of richness at the western provinces. Classification-JEL: O18, O11, D63 Keywords: Regional Income Distribution, Regional Income Inequality, Regional Gini Index, Spatial Autocorrelation Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/357913 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170410 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet BÖLÜKBA^ Author-Name: Osman PEKER Title: Ticari D1_a Aç1kl1k ve D1_ Ticaret Hadleri D1_ Borçlanma Üzerinde Etkili mi? Türkiye 0çin Bir Analiz Abstract: In this study the effects of trade openness and terms of trade in Turkey s external debt are examined by vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis for the period 1998:Q1-2012:Q1. According to the results of variance decomposition, the source of prediction error variance of all variables is mainly from their own shocks. The share of trade openness and terms of trade in the distribution of variance of external debt realized about 9.56% and 9.34% respectively in the thirtieth period. External debt has been influenced by the almost same rate both trade openness and terms of trade which occurs with the effect of this process. The reactions of other variables to a standard-incorrect generalized contractionary effect which occurred in error terms of external debt are analyzed by action reaction function and examined that other variables react contrariwise. Classification-JEL: F13, P45, F34, C01, N15 Keywords: Trade Openness, Terms of Trade, External Debt, VAR Analysis, Turkey Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/357928 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170411 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Özcan I^IK Author-Name: Murat BELKE Title: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Net Interest Margins of Turkish Listed Banks: Panel Data Evidence from Post-Crisis Era Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore both the bank-specific and macroeconomic drivers of net interest margins using panel data techniques for a sample of 12 deposit banks publicly traded on the Borsa Istanbul over the post-crisis period 2010-2015. Our panel data results suggest that while bank size and managerial efficiency affect net interest margins negatively and significantly, operating cost, credit risk, and implicit interest payments influence the NIMs positively and significantly in the postcrisis era. The results also imply that macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth and inflation do not have any significant effects on the NIMs. Classification-JEL: G21, O16 Keywords: Banking, Net Interest Margins, Financial intermediation, Panel Data, Borsa Istanbul Issue: 25(34) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/359107 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170412 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ömer YALÇINKAYA Author-Name: Vedat KAYA Title: Eitimin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: PISA Kat1l1mc1lar1 Üzerinde Bir Uygulama (1990-2014) Abstract: In this study, it is intended that long-term effects on economic growth of education has been analyzed in global scale and in terms of economies of the PISA participants to be carried out a situation assessment. In this context, it has been investigated whether it is descriptive and valid in terms of the relationship between education and economic growth, in the economy the PISA 2012 participants the results of PISA, which is accepted as an international reference in the field of education, as econometric for the period 1990-2014. As a result of the study, it has been determined that is to positive the directional and statistically significant long-term effects on economic growth of education in the economies of PISA participants, in the review period. However, in the study it has been identifyed that the size of effects long-term and positive the directional on economic growth of education is increased in parallel with the level of success in the exam the economies of PISA participants. These results demonstrate that in the description of the relationship between education and economic growth in the economies of PISA participants of results of the PISA exam is valied. Classification-JEL: C50, I25, O40 Keywords: Economic Growth, Education, PISA, New Generation Panel Data Analysis Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/311726 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebru Tomris AYDOAN Author-Name: Çar1 Levent USLU Author-Name: Natalya KETENC0 Title: Determinants of Economic Growth in Emerging Countries Under Structural Breaks Consideration Abstract: This paper examines the cointegration relationships between economic growth, financial development and trade openness in emerging markets in the presence of structural breaks. The empirical analysis includes 21 emerging countries for 1995-2013, on a quarterly basis. The paper tests for structural changes in the deterministic components of variables in use. Recent econometric techniques are applied in this study to evaluate the presence of structural breaks in the estimated growth equation and to examine the parameters of the model. Existence of the long-run relationships between the series were examined by three alternative cointegration techniques that allow for one, two and unknown number of shifts. The empirical results of the paper indicate a stronger effect of trade openness on economic growth compared to the financial development impact when structural breaks are considered. Classification-JEL: C32, F43, O47 Keywords: Economic Growth, Financial Development, Trade Openness, Emerging Markets, Structural Breaks. Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/311726 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ülkühan Bike ESEN Author-Name: Özlem ATAY Title: Ekonominin Yeni Yüzü: Yarat1c1 Ekonomi Abstract: The economic reflection of creativity, which requires thinking differently, finding unique solutions to problems, producing unique products, being original and new, in short, is appering as  creative economy . Since the early 90s, the number of studies and researches is rising day by day in developed countries that realised the positive effects of creative economy on economic and cultural development of the country. Unfortunately, in our country, the literature has gaps about this subject, because the importance of creative economy has newly began to understand. The aim of this study is to present a general frame by examining the notion of creative economy through creative industries, creative class and creative city approaches. Classification-JEL: L16, O1, R11, R12 Keywords: Creative Economy, Creative Industries, Creative Class, Creative City Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/311730 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nevzat ^0M^EK Author-Name: Hayal Ayça ^0M^EK Author-Name: Daniyar NURBAYEV Title: Avrasya Ekonomik Birlii Pazar1nda Kazakistan 1n Rekabet Gücü Abstract: The paper basically explores the competitiveness of the industries of Kazakhstan in the Eurasian Economic Union Market by employing different trade measures such as the Balassa s Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Vollrath s Revealed Competitiveness Index, and Brülhart B Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Index. The main drawback of the existing empirical literature is that various RCA indices are widely used to explain the competitiveness of a country. This paper however not only focuses on various RCA indices but some additional and complementary measures of competitiveness are also applied since they underline different aspects/dimensions of competitiveness Classification-JEL: F14 Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage, Kazakhstan, Eurasian Economic Union Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/328296 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serdar VARLIK Title: Ülke Risk Primi ^okunun Bankac1l1k Sisteminin Salaml11na Etkisi: SVAR Modeli Çerçevesinde Türkiye Örnei Abstract: In this study covering the period of January 2004-June 2015 for Turkish economy, using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the effects of sovereign risk premium shocks on banking system soundness are investigated. According to the results of impulse response analyses, against to one standard deviation structural shock in sovereign risk premium; (i) Turkish Lira (TL) depreciates, financial stock prices declines, interbank overnight interest rate goes up, banking system soundness index (BSI) declines and eventually credit-deposit interest rate spread increases. However, (ii) credit-deposit interest rate spread responses to sovereign risk premium shock longer time than other variables do. This evidence exhibits that the balance sheet structure of banking sector is strong against to sovereign risk premium shock and banking sector reflects the negative effects of shock to real economy via increasing credit-deposit interest rate spread. The results of impulse response analysis are supported by the evidences of variance decomposition. Classification-JEL: E40, E44, E50 Keywords: Banking Sector Soundness Index, Sovereign Risk Premium, SVAR Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/315614 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet KARAÇUKA Author-Name: Martin LEROCH Title: Institutional and Economic Determinants of Denominational Fractionalism and Schism Abstract: In this paper we present an economic approach contributing to the explanation of religious schism, a topic mostly dealt with in the fields of sociology and psychology so far. The main idea is to see religious groups as networks. These networks may serve as a device for exchanging information about and via other members. A modernizing economy is characterized by an increasing number of transactions with an increasing number of partners, leading to increasing transaction costs. It might be profitable for groups to split up in this economic environment in order to economize on these transaction costs. In our view, religious movements with stricter enforcement of their behavioural norms are growing in size, while such with rather liberal attitudes toward their norm enforcement face a loss of members. Historical and empirical results supporting our line of argument are presented. We find that the level of income and education attainment increase the fractionalization ratio in the states. Another interesting point in our empirical results regarding population size is that the number of entrepreneurs is positively correlated with the fractionalization ratio. The number of employees gives a negative coefficient, implying that this group prefers to be part of bigger groups due to their conformist behaviour. Classification-JEL: O17, Z12, Z13 Keywords: Religion, Social Norms, Social Capital, Social Networks Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/315615 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F1nd1k Özlem ALPER Author-Name: Ali Eren ALPER Title: Karbondioksit Emisyonu, Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi 0li_kisi: Türkiye 0çin Bir ARDL S1n1r Testi Yakla_1m1 Abstract: The aim of this study is to conduct research about the relation of carbon dioxide emission (5Ø6Ü5ØBÜ2), economic growth (GDP) and crude oil consumption (OIL) in Turkey with the cointegration test. For this reason the ARDL Bound Testing approach developed by Pesaran et.al. has been used for the 1985-2014 period. The test results indicate the existence of a long term relationship among the variables with the elasticity values 0.80 for economic growth and 0.11 for energy consumption. Acquired long term coefficients show a significant relationship among 5Ø6Ü5ØBÜ2 emission, GDP and OIL. In other words, it has been determined that economic growth and energy consumption increased environmental pollution, however economic growth harmed the environment more than energy consumption. Classification-JEL: C32, O44, Q56 Keywords: Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, ARDL Bound Testing Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/315616 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zehra Bilgen SUSANLI Title: Underemployment in the Turkish Labor Market Abstract: Using individual-level data from Household Labor Force Surveys for the period 2009-2015, this paper examines the determinants of underemployment in the sample of wage and salary earners in Turkey. Findings from Probit estimations indicate that the effect of gender on the likelihood of underemployment is not statistically significant, and there is a negative association between educational attainment and the likelihood of underemployment. Within the group of higher educated individuals, there are important differences across fields of study. Classification-JEL: I21, I23, J24. Keywords: Underemployment, Turkey, Graduates Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/315617 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oktay KIZILKAYA Title: Sosyal Sermayenin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Potansiyel Etkisi: Türkiye 0çin Yap1sal K1r1lmal1 E_bütünle_me Analizi Abstract: The impact of the trust factor on economy has been a longstanding debate in the economic literature. Recently, investigating the impact of social capital, which represents trust, on economic growth has become an attractive research area. In this context, the study examines the relationship between social capital indicators and economic growth over the period 2006-2014 using quarterly data. We use Principal Components Analysis method to calculte the social capital index. In the next phase, the effect of social capital index, labour force participation rate and fixed capital on economic growth is investigated by using Maki (2012) cointegration test with structural breaks and Stock-Watson (1993) DOLS estimation methods. Analysis results show that social capital has a positive impact on economic growth. Classification-JEL: O15, O47, O11, O12. Keywords: Social Capital, Trust, Economic Growth, Structural Break Cointegration Test, DOLS Estimation Method, Turkey. Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/315619 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170309 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Handan KUMA^ Author-Name: Ouz KARADEN0Z Title: Türkiye de 0_sizlik Sigortas1 Ödenei nden Yararlanan 0_siz Say1s1n1n Dü_ük Olma Nedenleri: AB Ülkeleri 0le Bir Kar_1la_t1rmal1 Bir Analiz Abstract: In Turkey The conditions the difficulty of utilization conditions, such as severance and notice compensation practices and informal employment can cause the number of beneficiaries of unemployment insurance to be low. Compare to EU member states, the coverage of unemployment insurance in Turkey is inadequate and the conditions for benefiting from it are heavy. The ratio of the unemployed benefiting from unemployment insurance to the total unemployed is about 10.5% in Turkey, but it is nearly 80% in Europe. This paper tries to explain why the number of unemployed people benefiting from unemployment insurance in Turkey is low compared to the EU. In the study, international comparisons were made using the EU MISSOC Comparative Tables Database. At the end of the study, it was found that the de facto coverage of unemployment insurance in Turkey is low, the atypical workers and the groups with high unemployment risk are heavy in terms of eligibility of unemployment insurance. Classification-JEL: J33, J64, J65, J83 Keywords: Unemployment Insurance, Unemployment Benefits, Unemployment Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/325408 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170310 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cemil RAKICI Author-Name: Cansu AYDODU Title: 2000 Y1l1 Sonras1 Türkiye de Vergi Performans1n1n Deerlendirilmesi Abstract: Tax is one of the most important income sources of the state. For this reason, the tax performance of the countries is very important. The aim of the study is to evaluate the tax performance in Turkey after 2000. In this context, the notion of tax performance and its importance will be emphasized particularly. Subsequently, the factors that influence tax performance will be examined and finally the primary surplus and the collection/accrual rate which are indicative of tax performance will be mentioned. Finally, the study will be concluded with suggestions for improving tax performance in our country. Classification-JEL: H200, H62 Keywords: Tax Performance, Primary Surplus, Tax Effort Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/327713 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170311 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hasan BAKIR Author-Name: Görkem BAHT0YAR Title: Great Recession, Financialization and Marxian Political Economy Abstract: Mainstream economic approaches, such as Keynesian and Neoclassical, agree one another in that the crises of capitalism should be handled within the capitalism. While Keynesians defend preemptive state intervention to avoid crises, neoclassical economics believe that the market will solve all problems without the need to resort to state action. After the Great Depression in 1930, Keynesian economics gained popularity, while neoclassical economics took over in the 1970s. Today, Keynesian economics became popular again in the aftermath of 2008 financial crisis. According to them, there is no alternative to the market system. Marxian explanation of 2008 financial crisis presents an alternative to the both. In this light, the aim of this study is to discuss the Marxian take on the 2008 global crisis, focusing on the phenomenon of financialization in this context. Classification-JEL: A10, B22, G01 Keywords: Crises, Great Recession, Economic Schools of Thought, Mainstream Economics, Marxian Political Economy. Issue: 25(33) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/328298 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170312 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Umur TOSUN Title: Türk Kamu Yükseköretim Kurumlar1nda Örenci Katk1s1 ve Örenim Ücretinin Ekonomik Analizi Abstract: The breadth of area of influence of higher education and the dimension of the debate are carried by different disciplines. The financing of higher education in Turkey is largely met by the student contribution (user charges) / tuition fee and the state. In this study, user charges as public revenue were analysed economically. As a result of the economic analysis, it has been observed that user charges / tuition fees are unchanged even though there is an inflationary environment since the academic year of 2010-2011. Although, user charges/tuition fees needs to be calculated on basis of private benefits, it is ascertained that those who benefit higher private benefits pay less in terms of user charges/tuition fees but those who benefits less pays more in terms of user charges/tuition fees conversely. Since graduates obtain different private benefits from different higher education institutions, user charges/tuition fees should not be collected on the same amounts. Classification-JEL: I22, I23, I38. Keywords: User Charge, Tuition Fee, Higher Education Finance. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/269734 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin F0DAN Author-Name: Halil ^EN Title: Türkiye de Sektörel E_itsizlikler ve Say1sal Bölünme 0li_kisi Abstract: Inequalities are the leading factors that effect the social and economic structure negatively. In the context of inequalities, personal, regional and global dimensions of income differences are investigated, rarely sectoral analysis in researches. Aim of the study is that determining of intersectoral and intrasectoral inequality levels and relations by using indicators of number of employees, wages, production value, added value as well as having computers, internet usage and having web page. Gini method has used to calculate the level of inequalities and in correlation analysis to determine relationships between inequalities. In analysis result, it has found that maximum intersectoral inequality level is in production value and the lowest in computer usage. Classification-JEL: D63, O33. Keywords: Information Systems, Sectoral Inequalities, Digital Divide, Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficients. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/269653 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Author-Name: Ayhan KARAKA^ Author-Name: Nilüfer ^AH0N Title: The Relation between Work Family Life Conflict, Job Performance and Job Stress: A Research on Hotel Employee Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine if work family conflict affect to job performance and job stress. For this purpose, a three-scale questionnaire was prepared. First scale work family conflict experienced by employees, job performance in the second scale and the third scale measures job stress. The study was conducted on hotel management employees in the Western Black Sea provinces. The data obtained at the end of the study were transferred to the computer and analyzed with SPSS 22 packet program. In the analysis phase, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, t test, anova test and regression analysis were used. When we look at the findings, there is no significant relationship between work-family conflict and job performance; there is a moderate positive relationship between work-family conflict and job stress. According to some demographic variables, work family life conflict, job performance and job stress levels are different. Classification-JEL: M120, M540, Z300. Keywords: Work Family Life Conflict, Job Performance, Job Stress, Hotel Employee. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/272804 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raziyahan ABD0YEVA Author-Name: Tolkun CUMAKUNOVA Title: Vergi Bilincini Etkileyen Demografik ve Siyasi Faktörler: K1rg1zistan Örnei Abstract: Taxes are the main financial resource of government. Performance of tax system depends on the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes or tax morale. Tax consciousness means that taxpayer is aware about taxes that paid, knows what taxes are and how tax revenue is used. Tax consciousness is important in the forming of tax behavior and in the improving democracy by increasing public control on public finance. Transitional economies as Kyrgyzstan government needs more financial resources to implement economic and social reforms, to decrease poverty and achieve sustainable development. Nowadays government seeks ways to increase tax revenue. In this paper authors aim to analyze tax consciousness of taxpayers in Kyrgyzstan using the questionnaire conducted in 2013 in the the capital city of Kyrgyzstan in Bishkek. Demographic and political factors that affect tax consciousness will be analyzed with probit model. Classification-JEL: H26, H30. Keywords: Tax Conciousness, Probit Model, Kyrgyzstan. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/273416 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakan ARSLANER Title: Kamu Alacaklar1n1n Tahsilat1n1 Salamaya Yönelik Bir Önlem: Tasarrufun 0ptali Davalar1 Abstract: It is one of the major duties of internal revenue service offices to secure the transfer to the treasury of the public receivables collected in order to cover public services, and to ensure the collection of such receivables by way of debt enforcement proceedings should they not be paid voluntarily. To the end of the fulfillment of the said duty, effective legal regulations have brought into force and legal remedies have introduced for the follow-up and collection of public receivables by way of debt enforcement proceedings. One of those remedies is to resort by the concerned administration to jurisdiction for the nullity of the disposals by the parties indebted to public administrations with a view to complicate or to completely impede the collection of public receivables. This study has intended to examine the legal grounds of the actions for nullity filed to ensure the collection of public receivables under the light of judicial decisions instituted and in comparison, to the legal regulations applicable in the cases where receivables of general nature are not paid timely, and to point out the deficiencies detected in the legislations. Classification-JEL: H26, K34, K35. Keywords: Law on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Receivables, Protection of Public Receivables, Cancellation of Asset Cases. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/276354 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erdinç KARADEN0Z Author-Name: Mehmet BEYAZGÜL Author-Name: Selda DALAK Author-Name: Fatih GÜNAY Title: Türk Turizm Sektörünün Finansal Performans1n1n Dikey Analiz Yöntemiyle 0ncelenmesi: B0ST Turizm ^irketleri ve TCMB Sektör Bilançolar1 Üzerinde Bir Ara_t1rma Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to analyze and exhibit the financial performance of tourism companies which publicly traded in Borsa 0stanbul (BIST) and to make comparison with tourism company accounts by using vertical analysis method. In this study, it is examined that the financial statements of publicly traded tourism companies in Borsa 0stanbul and Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) Accommodation and Food Service Subsector company accounts for 2014 by using vertical analysis method. As a result of analysis, it is determined that BIST tourism companies have more property, plant and equipment than accommodation and food service subsector. In addition, it is determined that tourism companies use mainly equity by financing their property plant and equipment. In the context of income statement, it is specified that tourism companies and subsector have almost same percentage of cost of sales and administrative expenses. Except that, while period profit of subsector %5, three of BIST tourism companies make loss. Besides that other seven tourism company have highly profit margin than accommodation and food service subsector. In this context, it is found that non-operating income or loses have more portion than sales in publicly traded tourism companies by generate profit or loses. Classification-JEL: L83, Z31, Z33. Keywords: Vertical Analysis Method, Borsa Istanbul Tourism Companies, Accommodation and Food Service Subsector. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/276165 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Volkan YURDADO Author-Name: Murat ALBAYRAK Title: OECD Ülkelerinde Vergi Rekabeti Abstract: The reduction of the barriers to move factors of production in live with globalization has been a rationale for competition in foreign capital gains, especially underdeveloped and developing countries. This competition is observed especially in corporate taxation and is realized by offering various tax advantages. Dominant view in the literature is that tax competition will have beneficial effects while the harmful effects are much more observed. In this study, we tried to determine the existence of tax competition by examining the indicators such as the statuory tax rates, effective tax rates, tax bases, the ratio of corporate income to GDP and share in total tax revenue OECD countries. The main conclusion reached in the study is that the tax policies imposed by OECD countries have led to a tax competition. Our study indicate OECD has been successful in tackling with harmful tax competition. Classification-JEL: F21, H20, H87. Keywords: Tax Competition, Statutory Tax Rate, Effective Tax Rate, Foreign Direct Investments. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/274881 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevlüt TATLIYER Title: Determinants of Private Saving Level: Evidence from Turkey Abstract: This paper attempts to ascertain the determinants of private saving level in Turkey. We implemented OLS estimations and constructed a VEC model in order to circumvent possible endogeneity bias. Dataset was acquired from the World Bank, Turkish Central Bank and Turkish Statistical Institute. The period examined is from 1988 to 2010. This research found that a) private and public saving rates are partly complementary to each other; b) higher inflation rates and lower levels of social security tend to increase private saving rate because of higher uncertainty; c) easing credit constraints tends to decrease private saving; d) favorable terms of trade promote private saving by increasing income; and e) current account balance influence private saving positively. Classification-JEL: D14, D91, E21. Keywords: Private Saving, Public Saving, VECM. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/280413 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferdi ÇEL0KAY Title: Milli Gelirin Vergi Yükü Üzerindeki Etkileri: ARDL S1n1r Testi Yakla_1m1 ile Türkiye Üzerine Bir 0nceleme (1924-2014) Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine how the changes in GDP per capita, which is an indicator of economic development, affect the tax burden in the short and long term in Turkey. In this context, the study utilises data about GDP per capita and tax burden from 1924 to 2014 and employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Although many studies in the literature has been reached that there is a positive relationship between these variables, this study shows this interaction occurs only in the long term. In fact, the research finds a 1% increase in GDP per capita will bring about a 0.07% increase in tax burden in the long run. For short term there is a negative relationship between these variables but it is not statistically significant. Classification-JEL: H11, H20, H21, H24, H29. Keywords: Tax Potential, Tax Burden, ARDL-Error Correction Model, Tax Policy, Economic Growth. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/269214 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Hanefi TOPAL Author-Name: P1nar HAYALOLU Title: Farkl1 Geli_mi_lik Düzeylerinde Kurumsal Kalitenin Çevre Performans1 Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz Abstract: The aim of this study to investigate the impact of institutional quality on environmental performance, taking into account the economic development levels of countries. Data from 124 countries of 34 developed countries and 90 developing countries were used for the period 2000-2014 and unlike other studies the environment was defined in broad sense. Additionally, in the research that used three different indicators of institutional quality (political risk, governance and democracy),the relationship between institutional quality and environmental performance were analyzed by panel data analysis methods -fixed effects, random effects and two step system-GMM estimation methods.- Empirical results show that low political risk, high governance quality and democracy affects the environmental performance of countries positively at every level of economic development. However, according to other institutional indicators, political risk in developed economies and democracy in developing economies are more effective on environmental performance. According to the findings obtained it can be said that the institutional structures of the countries should be created in order to meet the environmental needs for higher environmental performance. Classification-JEL: C23, H11, O43, Q50. Keywords: Political Risk, Quality of Governance, Democracy, Environmental Performance, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/255134 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Öznur ÖZDAMAR Author-Name: Eleftherios GIOVANIS Title: The Impact of Air and Noise Pollution on Health Status in Turkey: A Willingness to Pay Approach Abstract: This study analyses the determinants of health status and the willingness to pay for a reduction in air and noise pollution in Turkey over the period 2006-2012. The analysis relies on a pseudo-panel data using age and region cohorts. Furthermore, we follow the instrumental variables (IV) approach and we apply the two and three stage least squares methods using wind direction and regional complaint rates on pollution as instruments. Based on our favoured estimates, individuals who report problems with air and noise pollution are willing to pay for an improvement in air and noise quality more by 20.00-25.00 Turkish Liras (TL) per month. Classification-JEL: I31, Q51, Q5. Keywords: Air pollution, Noise Pollution, Willingness to Pay, Health Status, Pseudo-Panel Data. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/272780 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa GÜLLÜ Author-Name: Harun YAKI^I Title: Karbon Emisyonu ve Enerji Tüketiminin Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: MIST Ülkeleri Kar_1la_t1rmas1 Abstract: The aim of this study is to test whether there is any kind of causality between carbon emissionsenergy consumption and economic growth in the newly formation of countries; Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey (MIST). With this target in mind, per capita carbon emission, per capita energy consumption, and per capita gross domestic product data has been analyzed in line with Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Test between the years of 1971-2010. According to the results, it has revealed that there is a one-way causality from economic growth to carbon emissions and energy consumption, in other words, carbon emission and energy consumption are not causes of economic growth. Classification-JEL: F43, O13, O44, P18, Q43. Keywords: Carbon Emission, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, MIST Countries, Causality Analysis. Issue: 25(32) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/273419 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Özge KORKMAZ Author-Name: Deniz ERER Author-Name: Elif ERER Title: Terör Olaylar1n1n Finansal Piyasalar Üzerine Etkisi Abstract: In this study, we examined the volatility effect of terrorist incidents on Istanbul Gold Exchange, ISE100 and on the index yields of the sub-sectors in Turkey. Since negative and positive events have different effects on volatility, EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models used. Because of the study, it has seen that the terrorist attacks which occured in Turkey do not have statistically significant effects on the volatility of Istanbul Gold Exchange, ISE100 and of the sub-sectors. In addition, it has found that gold, service and technology indices have affected by only positive events; however, both negative and positive ones affect industrial and financial indices. Classification-JEL: C22, C58, D53, K42 Keywords: Volatility Models, Equity Market, Gold Market, Financial Market, Terrorist Attack Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/263699 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye Vatanda_lar1n1n K1rg1z ve K1rg1zistan 0maj1na Yönelik Alg1lar1 Author-Name: Azamat MAKSUDUNOV Author-Name: Murat AVCI Abstract: Academic studies on country s image have conducted since 1930. Creation of country image includes several key features as economic, politic, ecologic, technologic conditions, history and cultural background as well as human resources of that country. We can say that the country image as a subject attracts attention of academic studies. Although there are many studies on the image of Turkey in Kyrgyzstan, there is no published research on the image of Kyrgyzstan in Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to determine Turkish citizens perception toward Kyrgyz and Kyrgyzstan. For this purpose, it had carried out survey among 358 participants. The findings suggested that Turkish citizen s perceptions toward Kyrgyz and Kyrgyzstan generally positive. However, there is a significant difference between participants who has already visited Kyrgyzstan and has not visited yet. In other words, after visiting Kyrgyzstan Turkish citizens view is being changing in a negative direction. Classification-JEL: M31, M38, F59 Keywords: Image, Country Image, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/263512 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_a Aç1kl1k ile 0_sizlik Aras1ndaki 0li_ki: Seçilmi_ AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Üzerine Zamana Göre Dei_en Parametreli Bir Analiz Alg1lar1 Author-Name: Ramazan EK0NC0 Author-Name: Osman TÜZÜN Author-Name: Fatih CEYLAN Author-Name: Hakan KAHYAOLU Abstract: Spreading the shocks to economies appears from two channels with the globalization process. These channels are the transmission channels of trade and finance. These two mechanisms generated effects simultaneously on economies after the 2007-2008 global crisis. Simultaneous effects started a process emerging as a decline in economic growth and an increase in the unemployment rate. Generally, the measures taken against these process have been implemented as monetary expansion (Quantative easing-QE) policies, however the countries, which particularly EU countries that not carrying out common fiscal policy, fall into liquidity trap in the sense that the effects of as mentioned policies usually expose to a time varying unemployment process. Therefore, in this study by using a time varying parameter techniques the responses of the unemployment rates to openness levels have analyzed. In the periods of 2011Q1-2015Q4 by using a time varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) method developed by Nakajima (2011), what extent the unemployment rates are affected from the openness level of the countries is analyzed. According to the findings of the study, it has found that the openness level of the countries in question has a decisive feature on unemployment. It has also revealed that the UK is economically different from the EU, and the effects of openness on unemployment for France and Germany are asymmetrical. Classification-JEL: C32, E23, F41 Keywords: Openness Rate, Unemployment Rate, TVP-VAR Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/263603 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: OECD Ülkelerinde Kurumsal Kalite ve Gelir E_itsizlii 0li_kisi Author-Name: Mehmet AVCI Author-Name: Gizem MUK0YEN AVCI Abstract: Income inequality has shown as one of the most important economic problem now. Behind individual specific, economic, social, political factors, also institutional factors effect income inequality. Lower income inequality has expected with higher institutional quality. This study investigates the relationship between institutional quality and income inequality in 23 OECD countries, using fixed and random panel estimation approach and annual data over the period of 1984-2011. Evidence from a panel data estimation shows that a negative relationship between institutional quality and income inequality exist. According to this result, institutional quality is an essential tool for reducing income inequality. Classification-JEL: D31, E02, E24, O15 Keywords: Institutional Quality, Income Inequality, Gini, Panel Data, OECD Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/271795 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Amartya Sen in Kapasite Yakla_1m1 ve 0nsan Merkezli Bir Kalk1nma Anlay1_1 Author-Name: Mehmet Sedat UUR Abstract: Actual development can eventuate only in a society where the focus is enriching human lives. An approach, which focuses the expansion of income or economic outcomes, is inadequate to explain such a process; a high income by itself was no defense against human deprivation, because many human choices extend far beyond economic well-being. Amartya Sen s influential  capability approach constitutes the philosophical and conceptual foundation of a human centered development view. There, human development approach stands as a considerable progress in development. This approach focuses on people s basic capabilities and their freedom by putting them in center of its analysis. Then, this study includes the investigation of the contents and development of this approach. Classification-JEL: O10, O15, I31 Keywords: Capability Approach, Human Development, Economic Development Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/271796 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kat1l1mc1 Demokrasi ve Bütçeleme Author-Name: Gökhan ÇOBANOULLARI Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Abstract: Participatory budgeting, which was emerged at the end of 1980 s and enables citizens to participate in a system that is in accordance with the free will to decide directly related to budget spending and priorities. This budgeting system showed a great development in recent years, particularly to ensure the direct participation of the public in local government budgeting process. Central and local governments will have a more democratic society by ensuring the participation of citizens in the budgeting process. In addition, participatory democracy and budgeting development is a need to provide national and regional development. In this study, participatory democracy concept has discussed in order to describe it comprehensively. Classification-JEL: H61, H72, H77 Keywords: Participatory Democracy, Participatory Budgeting, Governance Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/271797 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kurumsal Yakla_1m Perspektifinden 0novasyon ve Yenilikçi Kamu Al1mlar1 Author-Name: Doan BAKIRTA^ Author-Name: Ahmet AYSU Abstract: Innovation policies and national innovation systems are the main determinant of countries development level. Innovative public procurement is an exceptional role among innovation policies. In this study examined innovative public procurement in the context of institutional approach. According to institutional approach countries innovation capacities are affected by formal and informal institutions and innovative public procurement process can be understood as a set of institutions with a particular inter-relationship between governmental institutions as a buyer and private firms as a suppliers. Therefore, government should set the rules for innovative public procurement process. Government should establish the formal rules for legal infrastructure, tender methods awarded to the firms offering innovative solutions, lead to firms for adequate and more effective level of R&D activities and increase competition in the market. On the other hand, government should give the sufficient importance to innovative solutions in public procurement process. Classification-JEL: H57, O30, O38, O43 Keywords: Innovation, Institutions, Innovative Public Procurement Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/272081 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geli_mi_ ve Geli_mekte Olan Ülkelerde Ar&Ge Harcamalar1 ve Ekonomik Büyüme Aras1ndaki 0li_ki: Panel Veri Analizi Author-Name: Yamur SALAM Author-Name: Hüseyin Avni EGEL0 Author-Name: P1nar EGEL0 Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth, based on 26 some developed and developing countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Hungary, Latvia, Netherland, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway). For this purpose, we used endogenous growth model of Romer (1990), which claims that technological change is the major source of productivity growth in the long run. Inthiscontext, usingannualdatawhich has taken from Eurostat; an empirical model has beendeveloped in the scope of the dynamic panel data analysis forth-period 1996-2014. The model includes real gross domestic product per capita (GDPRC) and gross domestic expenditures on R&D as an indicator of technological change (innovation). At the empirical part, firstly heterogeneity of the variables were investigate during the Delta test (Pesaran ve Yamagata, 2008), and then the existence of dependency between cross-sectional units that make series were examined by the CADF and Hadri-Kurozumi tests. After proving cointegration between series with Westurlund ECM test; Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) and Emirmahmutolu-Köse (2011) panel causality tests were applied. According to the empirical results, in the long term there is one way causal relationship from R&D expenditures to economic growth for some selected developed and developing countries. Classification-JEL: C01, C31, F21, O4, O3 Keywords: Research and Development, Economic Growth, Panel Causality Analysis Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/272084 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: What Determines Labour Movement from Turkey to Europe? Extent of the Situation and Implications Author-Name: Meltem 0NCE YEN0LMEZ Abstract: There are several different issues affecting migration on the global scale, which are commonly interconnected. These include work migration, lifestyle migration, ecological migration, workers wages abroad, transit migration, irregular global migration, forced and forced humanitarian migration, human trafficking, refugees, and the safety of displaced populations. This study analyzes causation and consequences of Turkish workforce migration. Social and cultural discourse analysis have used in the study. It is preferable to investigate the macroeconomic factors of each country, in order to assess the economic implications of immigration. The present study looks at immigration from an economic, as well as a cultural and social point of view. Apparently, immigration policies are unable to achieve their prespecified demographic targets, at least under most circumstances, because controlling the synthesis and volume of net migration poses a remarkable challenge. Apart from the economic crisis, certain factors that are unique to Turkey lately, such as social-legislative problems and unemployment, push large segments of the population to migrate to other countries, raising the fraction of immigration therefore. Demographic circumstances and effects of relevant policies work in tandem, and their combined influence alters the volume and makeup of the workforce in complex ways. Moreover, any undertaking to pinpoint the needs of the future work market in a decisive way, regarding immigration, and to optimize immigration strategies, appears to have modest results as well. Classification-JEL: F22, F66, J46, J61, J80 Keywords: Labour Migration, Informal Labour Markets, Labour Mobility, Labour Force Standards Issue: 25(31) Year: 2017 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/272089 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:170109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vergilendirilebilir Gelir ve Gelir Vergisinde Üniter Yap1y1 Bozan Uygulamalar Author-Name: Zeynep ARIKAN Author-Name: Ahmet 0NNEC0 Abstract: Taxable income is the essence of the tax system. Determining the scope of taxable income is one of the important subject to be emphasized for providing the efficiency in taxation. There are two theories deal with determination of taxable income:  Source Theory and  Net Increasing Theory . In practice, countries base on different theories in determining taxable income. Income tax systems are classified as global, schedular and mixed income tax systems. Taxable income is determined basis of source and net increasing theories in income tax systems. Although the global tax system is applied in Turkey, it is observed that some practices cause deviations from the system and contrary to global structure. The excessive expansiyon of the scope of this practices cause damage the tax system, decline in tax revenues, reduce the desire about voluntary tax compliance and violate the rights of taxpayers. In this study, it is focused on the concepts of income and taxable income. Besides, it is examined the practices caused deviations from global tax system for determining the ideal limits of taxable income and it is focused on the results of the deviations from global tax system and it is offered the solutions in this study. Classification-JEL: H20, H24, K34. Keywords: Taxable Income, Tax System, Global Tax System. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230716 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160401 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yerli ve Yabanc1 Yat1r1mc1lara Ait Risk 0_tahlar1n1n 0ncelenmesi: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Taha Bahad1r SARAÇ Author-Name: Ömer 0SKENDEROLU Author-Name: Saffet AKDA Abstract: In this study, the predictability of the risk appetite data published by the Central Registry Agency of Turkey (CRA) on a weekly basis for domestic and foreign investors which are considered as a measure of financial stability is examined. By examining the data of the period between the years 2008  2013, Lee and Strazicich (2003) test which takes structural breaks into account and Caner and Hansen (2001) threshold unit root test besides the first-generation unit root tests such as ADF and KPSS are performed in the study. The results obtained from the study reveal that the risk appetite data for domestic investors are linear and that there is no threshold effect. The data series of risk appetite for foreign investors, on the other hand, has been detected to be non-linear along with the existence of threshold effect. Furthermore, foreign investors risk appetite can be predicted during the periods of a downward trend, while it cannot be predicted during the periods of an upward trend. Classification-JEL: G12, G17, C22. Keywords: Risk, Risk Appetite, Non-Linear Unit Root Test. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230717 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160402 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Measuring the Extent of European State Aid Control: An Econometric Analysis of the European Commission Decisions Author-Name: Fatih Cemil ÖZBUDAY Author-Name: Erik BROUWER Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the European Commission (EC) decisions on state aid control using data on 550 state aid cases approved by the EC between 1998 and 2009. We measure the determinants of the duration of state aid, total budget of state aid and daily budget of state aid. By using these imperfect proxies, we try to identify the extent of European state aid control. Our results suggest that aid with multiple objectives to achieve has both longer durations and higher amounts of budget. We also find that for some aid objectives or industries, the EC approves cases of aid with both longer durations and higher levels of budget. On the other hand, for some class of aid objectives and industries, there is a trade-off between duration and the level of budget to counter-balance the undesired effects. The interpretation of the results implies that the European state aid control, which once was originally intended to address concerns about export subsidies and strategic trade, recently puts more emphasis on market failures mostly associated with externalities and public goods. Classification-JEL: K21, L40, L50, H25. Keywords: State Aid Control, Europe, Duration Analysis, Quantile Regression. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230718 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160403 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0novasyon 0ndeksi Yard1m1yla Türkiye de 0llerin Rekabetçilik Analizi: Düzey-III Örnei Author-Name: Yasemin KARADEN0Z YILMAZ Author-Name: Mustafa YILMAZ Author-Name: Mehmet Emin Y00TBA^I Author-Name: Orhan ÇOBAN Abstract: In this study, it has aimed to reveal the competitiveness of the provinces on the level of 26 NUTS considered spatial units in Turkey. The innovation index was calculated in the analysis in which total of 22 variables taken into account and used factor analysis to present the competitiveness of the provinces. In this sense, provinces are grouped with their relative innovation index value. In this context, the development gap between regions for Level-III regions in Turkey has found. According to the results of our analysis, Istanbul takes the first place with 24.01 index value. Ankara with index value of 14.03 and Kocaeli by 7.93 index value follow Istanbul. Ar1, Bitlis and Mu_ ranked at the last three rows of the innovation index. Grouping was made between provinces with similar indices and six homogeneous groups were determined in total. Istanbul, Ankara, Kocaeli, Izmir and Bursa took place in the primary group consisting of provinces whose innovation capacity developed. There are a total of 14 provinces in the last group and their innovation capacity development classified as the sixth degree. Classification-JEL: O30, O39. Keywords: Competitiveness, Innovation Index, Factor Analysis. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230719 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160404 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dorudan Yabanc1 Sermaye Yat1r1mlar1n1n Belirleyicileri: Seçilmi_ Dou Asya ve Pasifik Ülkelerinden Ampirik Bulgular Author-Name: Harun BAL Author-Name: Emrah Eray AKÇA Abstract: In this study, the determinants of foreign direct investment was analyzed using the 2000-2013 period panel data for selected East Asian and Pacific countries (Australia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, New Zealand). Based on the related literature, market size, trade openness, macroeconomic stability, infrastructure, agglomeration effects and political stability had been determined as affecting factors of foreign direct investment. Our general findings from the study reveal that net foreign direct investment inflows depend on the market size, the agglomeration effects and the degree of trade openness. Therefore, it has recommended that the countries, which are aiming to increase the size of the net foreign direct investment inflows, should implement active policies increasing market size and the liberalization of trade practices. Classification-JEL: C23, F21, F23. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Panel Data Analysis, East Asia and Pacific Countries. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230720 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160405 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Sal1k Hizmetleri Talebinin Sayma Veri Modelleriyle 0ncelenmesi: 0çsellik Sorunu Author-Name: Canan GÜNE^ Author-Name: Mustafa ÜNLÜ Author-Name: Yasin BÜYÜKKÖR Author-Name: ^enay ÜÇDORUK B0REC0KL0 Abstract: Count data takes only integer values and it is the type of data that commonly used in econometric researches. The aim of this study is determining factors that effects health care demand in Turkey by using Turkish Statistical Institute s 2012 Health Survey data. Number of doctor visits variable which is taken into acount as an indicator of demand is a count data. It will be investigated that whether number of doctor visits which is one of the independent variables is endogenous or not. Instrumental Variable Method, Generalized Method of Moments and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Model will be handled and political assessments will be made. Classification-JEL: C25, C26, I11. Keywords: Instrumental Variable Method, Generalized Method of Moments, Endogeneity, Health Care Demand, Count Data, Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Model. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230721 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160406 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye deki D1_ Göç Olgusuna Sosyoekonomik Bir Yakla_1m ve Avrupa Birlii ile Geri Kabul Anla_mas1 n1n Olas1 Etkileri Author-Name: Mustafa GÜDER Abstract: The consept of migration in the 21st century, has become global fact in consequence of politic competition and socio-economic relations. Turkey is one of the most affected countries. In this study; the migration processes of Turkey and effects of the migration on Turkish economy will be referred. Finally, possible effects of Readmission Agreement will be evaluated. Classification-JEL: F22, E24, F53. Keywords: Migration, Employment, Readmission Agreement. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230722 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160407 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Göç Olgusunun Düzensiz Göç Gerçei: Kar_1la_1lan Etkilere Ekonomik ve Sosyolojik Çözüm Önerileri Author-Name: Selma Aybüke ^ANLIÖZ Abstract: External migration brings along certain difficulties and problems for both the immigrant country and the immigrant. Turkey became a country that has been receiving increasingly more immigrants in recent years. Certain problems have emerged during these times of excessive external migration. This essay seeks solutions to these problems rather than focusing on the reasons. These suggestions have been examined and conveyed in both economical and sociological sense. Therefore; social community, which is a complementary to economic structure, hasn t been ruled out and mutual development has been mentioned. Classification-JEL: A140, Z100, Z130. Keywords: Irregular Migration, Economical and Sociological Impact, Cultural Integration. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230723 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160408 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Göçler Olgusu ve Etkisi: Türkiye-Suriye Üzerine Bir 0nceleme Author-Name: Dicle BOZ Abstract: Migrations are social happenings that deeply affect the structure of communities and leave permanent marks. Turkey has been the leading actor of a possibly universal movement of migration in the last few years. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes invoked by the intense migration in Turkey in the recent period on social life, especially on economics, and to examine the economic developments in Turkey from a different perspective, in its experience as a  migration-receiving country. Classification-JEL: F00, F10, F20. Keywords: Emigration, Syria Crisis, Turkey, International Migration. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230724 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160409 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Zarar1: Türk Kamu Yükseköretim Kurumlar1 Üzerine Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Mustafa Umur TOSUN Abstract: Article 71 in Public Financial Management and Control Law No. 5018 stated public loss as is preventing an increase or causing a decrease in the public resource as a result of a decision, transaction or action that violates the legislation and that stems from their intention, fault or negligence. In this study our aim is to examine the concept of public loss from the point of view of public higher education transactions. For this purpose, we classified one hundred Court of Accounts decisions on the concept of public loss according to their subject, responsibility and expenditure unit. As a result, it is found that ex-post control over the expenditure units does not cover the risky areas for Turkish Higher Education Institutions. Hence ex-post control over expenditure unit do not help Turkish Higher Education Institutions for effciency gains. Classification-JEL: H61, H75, H83. Keywords: Public Loss, Higher Education, External Control. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230725 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160410 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ana Ak1m Büyüme Modeli ve Yak1nsama Hipotezlerinin Analizi: Panel Veri Yakla_1m1 Author-Name: Hakan SARIBA^ Abstract: In this article, we examine Solow-Swan Model, Augmented Solow-Swan Model, Absolute and Conditional Convercence hypotheses by following (Mankiw-Romer-Weil, 1992). Panel Data Fixed Effects approach is employed in six distinct country groups (all, population over one million, West, Africa, Islam and Latin) between 1990-2010 period. We found that coefficients of original model have higher values as compared to model suggestions, but these values have not come to normal levels when we control the human capital. In addition to this finding, explanatory power of independent variables in augmented model has increased and nearly explained per-worker income level. Finally, we concluded that income differences among countries may fade away in time on the condition that countries have the same structural characteristics. Classification-JEL: O40, O41, O47. Keywords: Growth, Mankiw-Romer-Weil, Solow-Swan Model, Convergence, Cross-Section. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230726 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160411 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bilinçli Tüketim Kavram1n1n Boyutlar1: Bilinçli Tüketim Davran1_1n1n Yeniden Tan1mlanmas1 Author-Name: Esna Betül BUDAY Author-Name: Müberra BABAOUL Abstract: It is not possible for the consumer behaviors of the individuals not to affect every aspect of life. In consumer society in which the concept of consuming for the sake of consumption is adapted and individualist ideology comes to the forefront, the fact that the individuals consume irresponsibly and without thinking makes people face many risks and problems in environmental, social and ethical aspects. There is a need for trained consumers who are conscious and the generation of a new concept of consumption based on awareness, responsibility and ethics in order to be able to both raise the life standards of individuals as consumers and to be able to maintain this by meeting their needs and also for the development of society. Within the scope of the study, a multidimensional and comprehensive scale of conscious consumer has been developed in a way that will contain the dimensions of  socially responsible consumption ,  ethical consumption ,  simple consumption , and  eco-friendly consumption and supposed to be a guide for the society. Classification-JEL: D18, E21, M14. Keywords: Conscious Consumption, Conscious Consumer, Socially Responsible, Ethical, Simple Consumption. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230727 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160412 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bulan1k Veri Zarflama Analizi 0le OECD Ülkelerinin Sal1k Alan1ndaki Etkinliklerinin Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Gözde YE^0LAYDIN Author-Name: Nesrin ALPTEK0N Abstract:This study aims to determine health efficiencies of OECD countries by using fuzzy data envelopment analysis. For evaluation of efficiencies related to the countries, input variables that directly affect the health, environment variables and output variables are used. In the fuzzy data envelopment analysis, Wang, Greatbanks and Yang (2005)'s model is used. Solutions are conducted by forming interval data in the direction of Zimmermann (1991) s ? - cut level approach. With fuzzy data envelopment analysis, upper and lower efficiency limits are obtained using five different ?- cut level. For each ?-cut level, maximum loss of efficiency value of decision making units are calculated by Minimax Regret Approach and countries with inefficient scores are listed from best to the worst. Accordingly, the best loss of efficiency value belongs to Austria and the worst value belongs to Hungary for 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 ? - cut level. Turkey is located in the middle row (rows 21 and 23) among the 34 countries for 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 ? - cut level and it is among the efficient countries for ?=1 cut level. Classification-JEL: C6, C18, I10, I15. Keywords: Efficiency, Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis, OECD, Health Indicators. Issue: 24(30) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/230728 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160413 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effects of Coase s Thought on the Development of the New Institutional Economics Author-Name: Meryem F0L0Z BA^TÜRK Abstract: Among the current trends of economics, the new institutional economics is gaining more and more importance. The characteristic of the new institutional economics is that it has integrated instutions into the research field of economics. With the new institutional economics, the research field of neoclassical economics has widened, and different disciplines such as law, sociology, organizational theory and political science have started to be analyzed from an economic perspective. Although the new institutional economics started to develop in the 1970s, its origins can be traced back to Coase s paper on  The Nature of the Firm . As stated by Williamson, one of the leading theorists of the new institutional economics, it continues to develop in two aspects. First, it focuses on governance structure and contributes to the development of transaction cost economics. Second, it deals with institutional environment and provides a basis for the economics of property rights. This study will discuss the ideas of Coase, known as the founder of the new instutional economics, and also the contibutions of his studies to the development of the new instutional economics. Classification-JEL: B25, D23, K11. Keywords: Ronald H. Coase, New Institutional Economics, Transaction Cost Economics, Property Rights, Comperative Institutional Analysis. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227815 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Bankac1l1k Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi Author-Name: Baki DEM0REL Abstract: An increase in credit risks in the banking sector induces economic risks and therefore affects adversely the financial stability. In reviewing the literature, NLPs are regarded as an important indicator of credit risks. It is therefore important to determine variables that may affect an increase in NLPs in order to achieve the financial stability. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between variables, which are believed to affect NLPs, in the Turkish banking sector and NLPs. For this purpose, Vector Autoregression (VAR) model is used; variables in the model are chosen based on the literature. To study short- and long-run relationship between variables, Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction Model are applied. This paper makes a contribution to the literature by analysing the link between NLPs in Turkey and 2-year bond yields in the U.S. Classification-JEL: E44, E52, E58, G18. Keywords: Banking Sector, Credit Risk, NPLs, VAR Model. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227816 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Mali Mü_avirlerin Mükellef Haklar1na ve Gelir 0daresine Bak1_1n1 Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi Author-Name: Güne_ ÇET0N GERGER Author-Name: Feride BAKAR Author-Name: Adnan GERÇEK Abstract: The perspective of taxpayers on the administration is an important indicator for ensuring tax compliance. Developed countries have conducted surveys of taxpayers to create a better taxation system and to determine taxpayers perspective. However studies in Turkey in this field, remain only at theoretical level. To fill this gap, in this study, we examined the factors that determine perspective of certified public accountants which conduct taxpayer s taxation works and have knowledge about taxation more, to analyze relationships between taxpayer s rights and resistance by means of structural equation modeling approach. The Model which was developed and called Resistance to Revenue Administration Model (RRAM) showed that taxpayers right affects trust on tax administration and outcomes favorability affects resistance on tax administration directly. Classification-JEL: H21, H26, K34. Keywords: Taxpayers Rights, Tax Compliance, Tax Resistance, Tax Revenue, Structural Equation Modeling. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227817 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Visible Hand of Economics: Institutional Chance Performance and Sustainable Institutional Development Author-Name: Selma Sevinç ORHAN Abstract: In this study, there is the analysis of the relationship between economic development and institutionalization process which enhances the institutional change performance of the economy and reduces operation costs. The change and regulation process, which is brought into the price mechanism by mainstream economics through invisible hand metaphor, is discussed within  visible hand logic by property rights, transaction costs, and contracts economy approach in the NIE approach. By this way, institutions assume the visible hand role in the processes of regulation, preparation and implementation of common mandatory rules and laws in social life which are ignored by mainstream economics. The concept of institution is the product of an interdisciplinary approach providing organizational and behavioral connection between economic theory and economic institutions and giving the economics the lost opportunity to question the political economics. Classification-JEL: B25, B52, D23. Keywords: New Institutional Economics, New Institutional Economics History, Pluralist Methodology in Economic, Institutional Chance Performance, Sustainable Institutional Development, Governance Structure. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227818 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Risk Assessment for Accounting Professional Liability Insurance Author-Name: ^erafettin SEV0M Author-Name: Birol YILDIZ Author-Name: Nilüfer DALKILIÇ Abstract: In this study, litigation risk factors were determined for accounting professional liability insurance and an artificial neural network was developed to determine the litigation risks. A training data set comprised of data from 201 policies was used to train an artificial neural network. The performance of the artificial neural network model was then assessed using a test data set comprised of data from 100 policies. In the research, a litigation risk estimation model was formed for liability insurance via an artificial neural network model. By comparing the litigation risks occurring in accounting professional liability insurance to those foreseen by the artificial neural network system, it was determined that the results were quite consistent. It was also determined that the realized results and the risks foreseen in the artificial neural network model provided data close to the real values and that the artificial neural network model could foresee the litigation risks in accounting professional liability insurance with a 99% success rate. Classification-JEL: C45, G22, M41. Keywords: Insurance Industry, Litigation Risk, Accounting Professional Liability Insurance, Risk Assessment, Artificial Neural Network. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227819 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sal1k Harcamalar1 ve Evrensel Kapsama Aç1s1ndan Türk ve Alman Sal1k Sistemlerinin Kar_1la_t1rmal1 0ncelenmesi Author-Name: Selin ERTÜRK ATABEY Author-Name: Metin MER0Ç Abstract: In this study, as in the Turkish health system it should be compared with the German health care system according to health expenditure and universal coverage. Both countries which are the greatest common denominator having a health systems to cover the entire population. Although another common based health care financing are conducted through the public economy in both countries. In this study, primarily in the prototype categorized which is stated that the health systems where are the Germany and Turkey. The comparison of two health systems in question are the method of in this study that in light of data earned from OECD, WB, WHO and TSI. Classification-JEL: H51, H55, G28. Keywords: Health Systems, Health Expenditure, Universal Coverage, Turkey, Germany. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227820 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sal1k Kurumlar1nda Süreç Dan1_manl11n1n Uygulanabilirlii: Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Örnei Author-Name: Orhan ADIGÜZEL Author-Name: ^ükrü KILIÇ Abstract: Process consulting; By focusing on the client's vision problems that exist around human relations process itself, which helps the development of diagnostic and production capacity so that the solution is conceptually defined as a current organizational development techniques showing improvement. The health authorities of the output is about human, not to forgive errors, the necessity of such high level co-ordination of investment and operating costs due to organizational features in other business areas are separated from business operations and services. This study demonstrated that the health care workers of process consulting and general approaches to health institutions in organizational and managerial process elements for the implementation of features supports the applicability of the process of consultation, by analyzing quantitative data obtained by means of the survey application has tried to determine. The results of the research shows us the organizational and management process item properties supports the applicability of process consulting at the university hospital. Employees and management share the same idea on this. Health professionals and other employees also seem to have similar thoughts with no major conflicts. Research also shows us the healthcare employees think positively about process consulting and management. Classification-JEL: M12, I10. Keywords: Process Consultation, Organizational Development, Healthcare Institutions, Hospital. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227821 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Modelling Crude Oil Price Volatility and the Effects of Global Financial Crisis Author-Name: Mert URAL Abstract: In recent years and global financial crisis period, oil prices are characterized by high volatilities. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the comparative performance of volatility models and to reveal the effects of global financial crisis on volatility by using daily returns of crude oil prices. According to the sample periods, the results of models highlight that APGARCH and FIAPGARCH models with Student-t and Skewed Student-t distributions best fit oil prices. Furthermore, when considering the global financial crisis, the results show that the crude oil prices are characterized by high volatilities and have long memory effects, as expected. Classification-JEL: C22, C52, Q43. Keywords: Crude Oil, Volatility, Asymmetry, Long Memory. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227822 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Seçilmi_ AB Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye de Patent Gelirlerine 0li_kin Vergileme  Patent Box Rejimi Author-Name: I_1l Fulya ORKUNOLU ^AH0N Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Abstract:  Patent Box regime expresses reduced corporate tax rate to the income derived from patents. This regime intends to protect IP rights, its owners and obtained revenues from patents at the national level. In the study, patent box applications in Turkey and in some selected EU countries are comparatively evaluating. According to the guidelines of European Innovation Scoreboards when compared with selected EU countries for patent applications, create design and trademark, Turkey s innovation performance is below the EU average. Reduced corporate tax rate for patent income is 15% in France and 10% in UK. 20% of patent income in Belgium and Luxembourg and 50% of patent income in Spain is the subject to tax. Patent income is exempt from tax in Ireland. 50% corporate and personal income tax exemption has been carrying for patent income in Turkey since 2014. Classification-JEL: H2, O31, O34. Keywords: Intellectual Property (IP) Rights, R&D Tax Incentive, Patent Box Regime, EU Countries, Turkey. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227823 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160309 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Political Economy of Poverty in Turkey Author-Name: Tar1k ILIMAN Author-Name: Recep TEKEL0 Abstract: While the fight against poverty is continuing in the world, secondary income distribution has regarded as an effective way in fighting against poverty in Turkey. For that purpose, the special fund called as  Social Aid and Solidarity Promotion Fund established in 1986. Primarily this fund is a kind of social transfer expenditure and it aims at helping poor people directly. Although special funds as social direct expenditures utilized as the most effective instrument to combat poverty, allocation of the funds could be at the government s discretion. Because of the unclear and subjective criteria in the fund allocation, it is possible that politicians to maximize their interests in the political arena can use the fund. Therefore, the government in Turkey might incline to manipulate the (social) public expenditures to maximize their interests and enhance the re-election chances in terms of political economy. This paper assesses empirically the relationship between  Social Aid and Solidarity Promotion Fund (SASPF) and political economic factors within political-economy context. In this study, using 81 provincial level data, we find that funds, as social expenditures could be vital tools for politicians to maximize their political interests. Classification-JEL: H50, I38, D72. Keywords: Poverty, Political Economy, Pork-Barrel Politics, Special Funds. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227824 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160310 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Küresel Finansal Krizinin Devlet Borçlar1na Etkisi: Geli_mi_ ve Geli_mekte Olan Ülkeler Aç1s1ndan Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Birol KARAKURT Author-Name: Tekin AKDEM0R Abstract: Economic and financial crises both of which the severity and intensity have gradually increased with the globalisation have triggered fiscal imbalances in many countries. One of them is the crisis of 2008. While in previous crises countries have managed their debt stock positively in some way, the global recession followed by the financial crisis of 2008 has led to increases in debt stock enormously. However, there is a big divergence in the impact of the crisis on the advenced countries and emerging market countries. Emerging market countries, whose have more favorable macroeconomic indicators in the pre-crisis period were successfully able to manage to eliminate the adverse effects of the global financial crisis. By contrast, this has notably threatened the developed countries where the economic policy framework is unsatisfactory or relatively poor. This study deals with the effects of the global financial crisis on public debt by comparing countries' financial positions based on macroeoconomic indicators in pre- and post-crisis period. Classification-JEL: E6, E62, F34, G01, H63. Keywords: Global Crisis, Debt Crisis, Sovereign Debt Crisis, European Debt Crisis. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227825 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160311 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0ktisadi Perspektiften Türkiye deki Bilgi Toplumu Anlay1_1na Ele_tirel Bir Yakla_1m Author-Name: Esra DOAN Author-Name: Seher Gül_ah TOPUZ Abstract: In this study, it is used etimological analysis and situation analysis to elimanate the complication between the words of knowledge and information; and to cast light onto the difference between knowledge society and information society. Therefore, in order to determine the Turkey s situation in terms of knowledge society, data analysis and panel causality test sited for 11 region and the periods for 2003-2013. In the analysis, datas of R&D, patent registrations, utility model registrations, and industrial designs registrations used as the indicator of knowledge society. According to the results of situation analysis and econometric analysis, Turkey is still in the level of information society in terms of the formation and usage of knowledge. Classification-JEL: D80, D83, O30, C23. Keywords: Knowledge, Information, Knowlegde Society, R&D, Registrations, Panel Causality Test. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227826 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160312 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: TCMB, FED ve ECB Para Politikalar1n1n Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerindeki Etkileri: 1994-2014 Dönemi Analizi Author-Name: Elif ERER Author-Name: Deniz ERER Author-Name: Mustafa ÇAYIR Author-Name: Nasuh Ouzhan ALTAY Abstract: It is of extremely importance for policymakers to know how much time and what direction policy instruments affect macroeconomic variables in the selection of monetary policy instruments and in determination of how to implement in terms of the fluctuations in economic process. In this paper, the effects of monetary policies by CBRT, FED and ECB on macro economic variables in Turkey compared with each other considering high and low inflation regime by using TVAR method from the point of view of exchange rate channel, which is one of the monetary transmission mechanism between 1994:01 and 2014:10. Short-term (interbank) interest rate used as monetary policy instrument. The industrial production index has used to represent GDP as the measure of economic activity. Price level and exchange rate variables have measured by consumer price index and real effective exchange rate, respectively. Besides, crude oil has been taken into account as explatory variable.The results show that CBRT short-term interest rate affects both industrial production index and real exchange rate ppositively, but they also Show that FED affects only the real exchange rate positively in high inflation period. The response of real exchange rate is positive to CBRT short-term interest rate. However, this response is firstly positive then negative to FED and it is negative to ECB monetary policy. The monetary policies of CBRT, FED and ECB have also first positive then negatif effects on industrial production index, but they differentiate from each other in terms of the effect times of them. In conlusion, short-term interest policy the one of the FED monetary polices shown to be vital in the sense of Turkey once again. Classification-JEL: C32, E00, E58. Keywords: CBRT, FED and ECB Monetary Policies, TVAR, Exchange Rate Channel. Issue: 24(29) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/227827 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160313 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dünya da ve Türkiye de Organ Tedariki ve Nakli: 0ktisadi Perspektifler, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri Author-Name: Alper ALTINANAHTAR Abstract: It has been 61 years after the first successful human organ transplant from a live donor in December 23rd 1954. A treatment method which was not even considered before, now become a hope for thousands of patients. Organ transplantations are still not at desired level. Even though there has been a great progress in legal and technical infrastructure of the problem, individuals lack of knowledge and biased approach the subject matter makes it harder to find a solution. For this reason, thousands of individuals are losing their lives on the waiting lists while waiting for a hope. According to Barnett et.al., (1993: 669), every year more organs are buried under ground than demanded. Organ transplantation which happens to be a breakthrough technology in saving human lives now became a victim of its own success (Gabel, 2003: 1245). It has been found that in Turkish economics literature organ donation and transplantation topics are not investigated enough. The main purpose of this study is to fill the gap in this area while analyzing problems which we came across in Turkey and around the world and recommend appropriate policy changes. Classification-JEL: I11, I18, D61. Keywords: Organ Shortage, Organ Procurement, Health Economics. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197854 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lübnan Anayasal Düzeninde Egemenlik Da1l1m1 Author-Name: Mehmet Serkan TAFLIOLU Abstract: Constitutional structure of Lebanon, has its own unique type that does not match with the classification of the classical political science. In the Twentieth Century, struggle between Lebanonization (Lebanese Nationalism) and Arab Nationalism was the core issue of the Lebanon politics. This struggle was the main obstacle to establish a parlamentary system in Lebanon. The Lebanese Constitution was amended which made France mandate as a supervisor of politics and economics during the France occupation period. In this context, the constitution, based on sharing the sovereignty between the religious and ethnic groups rather than constitutional rights. In the evaluation of the civil wars, have occured in the political history of Lebanon, constitutional structure which has institutionalized as an ethnic and the religious body shoud be considered as the vital point. The rights are igiven on the ethnic and religious bases rather than personal. This composition articulates the Lebanese politics in to the West and Arab politics. In the same manner political represantation in the Lebanese politics is not shared between the voters as in the clasical parlamentary regimes, shared by the ethnic and religious communities. Classification-JEL: K40. Keywords: Lebanon, Sovereignty, Constitution, Taef Agreement. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197855 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mükelleflerin Vergiden Kaç1nma Alg1s1 ve Demografik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Ara_t1rma: Isparta Örnei Author-Name: Serdar Ç0ÇEK Author-Name: Jale SABBA Abstract: In this study, a questionnaire has been created for measuring tax avoidance how find place in the minds of taxpayers, also attitudes and behaviors of taxpayers against to tax. Data of obtained from by using face-to-face questionnaires method applied are interpreted with frequency analysis and cross tables on 400 participants who the income taxpayers of Isparta province. According to the obtained results; the majority of the taxpayers have seen to tax avoidance as a rational behavior and they have expressed that their preferences can change for consumption or investment in order to pay less tax. Taxpayers, if low tax rates will be applied, express to reviewing the preferred investment location, whereas not take kindly to change the settlement. Attitudes and behaviors of towards the tax avoidance more affected from variables especially such as the education, age, gender. Classification-JEL: H20, H26. Keywords: Tax Psychology, Tax Avoidance, Taxpayers Attitudes. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197856 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye Ekonomisinde Hükümetlerin Ekonomik Performanslar1n1n TOPSIS Yöntemi 0le Ölçülmesi Author-Name: Selim ^ANLISOY Author-Name: Mehmet ÇET0N Abstract: Economic performance is a rate of success that ensues as a result of the employment of demographic and economic sources according to a certain coordination for the objectives intended to be achieved. Measuring the government performance is decisive for the efficiency of public sector as it is important for the government to persist its position. In this study, the economic performances of the governments for the period between the years 1950 and 2015 were compared using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method in the Turkish economy. The indicators which were preferred as criterias are related with the economic process policy objectives to determine the government performances. Findings show that single party governments have performed better than the coalition governments and the period of transition to the open economy is the most successful above all. Classification-JEL: D70, D81, H1. Keywords: Government Performance, Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method, Administrative and Periodical Comparison. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197857 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yerel Düzeyde Kat1l1mc1 Mekanizmalar Olarak Kent Konseylerinin Bilinirlilik ve Etkinlik Düzeylerinin Analizi: Bursa Örnei Author-Name: Elif KARAKURT TOSUN Author-Name: Enes Battal KESK0N Author-Name: Emel SEL0MOLU Abstract: The research, in which recognition and effectiveness levels of city councils are handled, has two aims. First aim is: determining to what extent city councils and Bursa City Council are known by citizens living in city of Bursa and their information levels about the legal - administrative structures of city councils. Second aim is: Presenting to what extent the city councils fulfill the duties mentioned in the 76. article of municipality law and 6. article of city council legislation from the citizens point of view. Based on the results obtained from field study conducted on 2915 people by face to face survey method, suggestions were made related with increasing recognition of city council by Turkish citizens and with performing their duties efficiently. Classification-JEL: H70, H79. Keywords: City Councils, Bursa City Council, Governance. Issue:24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197862 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Role of ILO s Recommendation of National Social Protection Floors in the Extension of Social Security Author-Name: Özgür Hakan ÇAVU^ Abstract: At the International Labour Conference in 2011, a new strategy was formulated to establish sustainable social security systems. This strategy resulted in the recognition of the Social Protection Floors Recommendation by the ILC, which convened in 2012. The so-called Recommendation, number 202, is intended for the creation of national social protection floors. Social protection floors cover legal implementations including the obtention of the right to basic health and basic income assurance. There are four fundamental policies that will be dealt with while creating the social protection floors at the national level. The first of these policies is to develop social security programs to support employment policies. Following this, it is necessary that a comprehensive national social security system be set up. The third fundamental policy is to strengthen the country s institutional capacity within the framework of principles of governance and liability. Finally, creating the financial sources of social protection floors should be dealt with within the national fiscal space. In order to be able to succeed in the extension of social protection floors at national and international levels that will be created within the framework of the Recommendation numbered 202, the support of national governments, NGOs and global efforts is needed within the framework of social dialogue. Classification-JEL: A13, H55, E62. Keywords: Social Protection Floors, Recommendation Number 202, Extension of Social Security. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197858 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi 0le Ekonomik Büyüme Aras1ndaki 0li_ki: G-20 Ülkeleri Author-Name: 0brahim BAKIRTA^ Author-Name: Mümin Atalay ÇET0N Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of an increase in real income per capita on renewable energy consumption per capita during 1992 and 2010. The panel cointegration analysis results of this study points out the existence of a long run relationship among renewable energy consumption and economic growth for G-20 countries. Afterwards the direction of this long run relationship is estimated by panel model estimators. In this regard it is found that 1% increase in real GDP per capita causes a 0,56%, 79% and 0,59% increase in renewable energy consumption per capita respectively for POLS, REM and FGLS analysis. According to the ECM results, renewable energy consumption per capita increases while real GDP per capita rises in the long term for approximately 33% of the sample. Classification-JEL: Q50, Q56, Q57, Q43. Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve, Panel Data Analysis, G-20 Countries, Renewable Energy, Economic Growth. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197861 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Defining and Measuring Informality: The Case of Turkish Labor Market Author-Name: Elif Öznur ACAR Author-Name: Ays1t TANSEL Abstract: In this study, we consider how informality can be defined and measured in the Turkish labor market. The empirical analysis consists of developing three alternative definitions of labor informality, and exploring the relevance and implications of each for the Turkish labor market using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit analysis of the likelihood of informality under each definition. We find that social security registration criterion is a better measure of informality in the Turkish labor market given its ability to capture key relationships between several individual and employment characteristics and the likelihood of informality. Classification-JEL: J20, J21, J24, O17. Keywords: Labor Market Dynamics, Informality, Definition and Measurement, Turkey. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197860 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Etnik Farkl1l1k ve Kamu Borcu Üzerine Etkileri: Analitik Bir Bak1_ Aç1s1 Author-Name: Aylin KONU Author-Name: Ahmet Y1lmaz ATA Abstract: Nowadays, public debt is one of the most important macroeconomic problems encounted in developed or developing countries. In addition to the economic factors, social and institutional factors may also affect public debt. It is expressed that the ethnic diversity is one of the social factors that influence the public debt by increasing public spending. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test to the impact of ethnic diversity on public debt for the 28 EU countries and Turkey by using 2014 data and cross-section analysis method. According to the empirical results of the study, it was found that ethnic diversity had statistically significant and positive impact on public debt. Classification-JEL: D02, D73, O11, C21. Keywords: Diversity, Public Debt, Rent-Seeking. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197859 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: In the New Institutional Economics Approach R. Coase and Law, D. North and Social Psychology Context: Pluralist Approach Opportunities in Economics Author-Name: Selma Sevinç ORHAN Abstract: In this study the relation between the OIE and the NIE (New Institutional Economics) approach is analyzed. In this way, the emphasis is on the main contrasting points of both approaches to mainstream economics. The institutions are as stated by both the precursors of the OIE and NIE approaches, Veblen, Commons, Coase and North analyzed as thinking habits, as behavior constraints in the social rules, as the legal context of the liberal theory. OIE and the NIE approaches demonstrate continuity through ontological point of view towards the concept of institution. Despite theoretical and methodological differences between them, due to the continuity relationship, the NIE plays a carrier role in transferring heterodox terms to mainstream economics. The continuity relation provided by institutions strengthens the pluralist methodology in the economy. Classification-JEL: B25, B52, D23. Keywords: New Institutional Economics, Original Institutional Economics, Coase Theory, History of New Institutional Economics, Pluralist Methodology in Economics. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197863 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yerel Yönetimlerin Finansman1nda Yerel Yönetim Bankac1l11 Uygulamas1, 0ller Bankas1 Örnei ve Türkiye 0çin Öneriler Author-Name: Mustafa GÜMÜ^ Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Abstract: Although, debt requirements of local governments in Turkey were satisfied basically through two main venues, 0ller Bankas1 and commercial banks, recent years recorded an increase in usage towards commercial banks. Municipal Bond Banking Model, which has been used for raising funds from capital markets for local governments has been a videly used method in various countries under different procedures, is not seen as an active model in Turkey. In our study, aside from providing information about Municipal Bond Banking Model, we are putting emphasis on the availability of this model as an alternative source of local governments funding focusing on Tukey and 0ller Bankas1 operations. Classification-JEL: H74. Keywords: Municipal Bonds, Municipal Bond Banks, Ilbank, Local Government Finance. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197864 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Turizm Perspektifinden Yabanc1la_man1n Sosyo-Psikolojik Analizi: Günlük Ya_amdan Turistik Ya_ama Yabanc1la_ma Döngüsü Author-Name: Semra AKTA^ POLAT Author-Name: Serkan POLAT Abstract: Alienation describes the mood of people who have become the tool rather than the goal in the functioning of the capitalist society. The man has alienated to product, business and most importantly himself because of depreciating against materials. The topic of the study is the man (tourist) who is looking for this spiritual poverty in leisure activities. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the socio-psychological relationship between alienation and tourism. Following the review of the literature demonstrating the relationship between alienation and tourism, the Alienation Cycle in Tourism was created. The cycle of alienation explains how a tourist, psychologically, participates in tourism activities and behaves in touristic life besides clarifying sociological environment of tourism. Classification-JEL: A140, D110, L830, M310, M390, Z130. Keywords: Alienation, Escape, Authenticity, Self-Actualizing, Tourist Psychology. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197865 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0kame Etkisi, Bask1 Etkisi ve Bu Etkiler ile Sendikala_ma Eilimi Aras1ndaki 0li_ki Author-Name: Sad1k KILIÇ Author-Name: Kemal YILDIZ Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the levels of workers willingness to unionize, their perceptions about substitution effect and suppression effect, and the relationship between the willingness and the effects. To do so, a survey was conducted among 215 workers. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mentioned levels, and multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to reveal the mentioned relationship. At the end of the research, we discover that there is a high level of suppression effect and a low level of substitution effect among workers and a stronger tendency on willingness to unionize, and the willingness is robustly predicted by suppression effect. Classification-JEL: J53. Keywords: Substitution Effect, Suppression Effect, Willingness to Unionize, Union Revitalization. Issue: 24(28) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197866 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Döviz Kuru Oynakl11 ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name:Hidayet ÜNLÜ Abstract: The relation between the real exchange rate volatility and economic growth is among the remarkable study topics. How does this exchange rate volatility shape the investment and economic growth? In literature, there exist many studies that seek an answer to this question. In this study, an answer is searched for this mentioned question by investigating the impacts of real exchange rates over the output growth in Turkey. In this study, the impacts of consumer price index (CPI), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), foreign direct investment (FDI) and real exchange rate volatility (RERV) on real gross domestic product (RGDP) of Turkey, are investigated using data of quarterly periods from 1998:Q1 to 2014:Q3. In reference to ARDL bounds test approach, it is concluded that there has been a long term relation among the variables. While consumer price index (CPI) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) variables have a positive and statistically significant impact on (RGDP), the coefficient of foreign direct investment (FDI) variables is also positive but not significant. Real exchange rate volatility (RERV) variable has a negative and statistically significant impact on real gross domestic product (RGDP). This result shows that the real exchange rate volatility in Turkey have negative impacts on the output. Classification-JEL: E31, F31, O40. Keywords: Real Exchange Rate Volatility, Economic Growth, ARDL Bounds Test. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197841 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sentimental Herding: The Role of Regional and Global Shocks in Egyptian and Saudi Stock Markets Author-Name: Ali GÜVERC0N Abstract: In this study, the existence of market-wide herding for Egypt and Saudi stock markets is investigated using state-space methodology developed by Hwang and Salmon (2004). The objective is not just to provide evidence for herding, but also evaluate the effect of regional and global shocks on herding behavior for these markets. Results show that herding exists only in Egypt. Moreover, for herd parameter in Egypt, mortgage crisis and Egyptian military takeover are the only significant factors. As expected, these factors cause fading effect on herd parameter, strengthening adverse herding. Contrary to expected, oil return or oil return volatility has no impact on herd parameter. Classification-JEL: C12, C13, C30, G14. Keywords: Sentimental Herding, State-Space Model, Cross-Sectional Volatility, Emerging Market. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197842 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Enflasyon-Faiz Oran1 Takas1: Fisher Hipotezi Balam1nda Türkiye Ekonomisi 0çin Dinamik En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi Author-Name: Merter AKINCI Author-Name: Ömer YILMAZ Abstract: In this study, the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) analysis is applied to test the impact of inflation on interest rate directly and indirectly with the help of six control variables for Turkish economy in the period 1980-2012. First of all, Johansen-Juselius cointegration test is applied in order to determine the long-run relationships among the variables and the results show the validity of long-run nexus among the variables. Granger causality test is applied to determine the causal relationships among the variables and the causal linkages among the variables are found that are compatible with the expectations. The findings of the DOLS analysis indicate that inflation rate, current account balance, external debt service, Money supply, exchange rate and process of economic growth have statistically significant effects on the interest rate. Classification-JEL: C32, E31, E43. Keywords: Generalized Fisher Hypothesis, Time Series Analysis, Dynamic Least Square Analysis. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/1978413 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bütçe Kanununa Ekli Vergi Harcamalar1 Listesinin Mevzuatla Ücret Gelirlerine 0li_kin Getirilen Muafiyet, 0stisna ve 0ndirimler Balam1nda Analizi Author-Name: 0lhami ÖZTÜRK Abstract: Tax is the most important resource used in order to finance public expenditures. From time to time, states abondon public financing preference and interviene in the economical and social life through tax. This interference happens through the tax expenditures consisting of tax exceptions, exemptions and discounts which result in loss of revenue for the state and which have, in reality, a similar impact on the public expenditures but these tax expenditures are different in their manner of execution. This study examines, in a comparative manner, the exceptions, exemptions and discounts applicable to wages under the relevant legislation and the list of tax expenditures annexed to the budget act and analyses whether the exceptions and privilages applicable to wages and which are not mentionned in the tax expenditures list represent a standard tax practice. Classification-JEL: H27, K34. Keywords: Tax Expenditure, Wage, Exemption, Exception, Discount. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197844 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Petrol Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Seçilmi_ Petrol Zengini Geli_mekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Panel Veri Analizi Author-Name: Mehmet DEM0RAL Author-Name: Harun BAL Author-Name: Emrah Eray AKÇA Abstract: This study purposes to explore how the oil revenues affect the economic growth in selected 12 oil-rich developing countries. Real gross domestic product per capita represents the economic growth, while oil revenue is proxied by crude oil price and export. Real effective exchange rate and consumer price index expected to effect the relationship are also added to the model as other regressors. Panel data regression analysis for the period 2000-2010 is conducted to search for the resource curse symptom. The evidence that positive effect of oil revenues on growth is very slight, supports the  resource curse hypotheses . Overall results emphasize the importance of the policies intended for using oil resources more efficiently and preventing the arising of resource curse mechanisms. Classification-JEL: C33, F43, Q30. Keywords: Resource Curse, Oil Revenues, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis, Oil-Rich Developing Countries. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197845 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Gelirleri ve Kamu Harcamalar1 Nedensellik 0li_kisi: 2006-2015 Dönemi 0çin Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Hale AKBULUT Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Abstract: The government revenues and government expenditures are widely used as a means of public finance and eliminating budget deficits. However a change in the level of government expenditures or government revenues will create different effects on the economy depending on the relationship between the aggregates in question. The aim of this study is to exhibit the relationship between government expenditures and government revenues for Turkey in order to serve to determine the favorable policy. For that purpose, the relationship is tested by using Central Government Budget Revenue Realization and Central Government Budget Expenditure series from the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Finance with 2006 January - 2015 April monthly data. In addition, by employing government revenues and expenditures in a disaggregated manner, the relationships about general government revenues, the revenues of regulatory and supervisory foundations, the revenues of private budgeted foundations, interest payments and non-interest payments are tried to be presented. Granger causality test is preferred as we have stationary series and also as this methodology is reliable, simple and widely used in literature. Classification-JEL: H00, H60, H62. Keywords: Fiscal Illusion, Ricardian Equivalence, Wealth Effect. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197846 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Avrupa Birlii nde Kamu Borç Stokunun Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi Author-Name: Burcu BERKE Abstract: In this study, what effects on the growth rate of the increase in public debt are analyzed with panel data model during the period 1970 to 2011 in EU-13. In the literature, it is pointed out that reducing of the rate of growth while the public debt to GDP ratio is over 90% of the threshold value. These findings have led to draw attention to the issue of financial instability in developed and developing countries. In this study, after controlling the effects of other control variables other than public debt, it has been identified that the effects on the growth of the public debt are negative if the threshold value exceeds 90% in the EU-13. Classification-JEL: E6, E3, C33. Keywords: Public Debt Stock, Growth, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197849 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Modern Makroiktisadi Uzla_1n1n Kay1p Ekonomi Politii: Yerle_ik Formalist, Yerle_ik Kuramsal ve Yerle_ik Politik Uzla_1 Author-Name: Selma Sevinç ORHAN Abstract: For the last three decades, the Mainstream macroeconomics has been witnessing a  theoretical consensus between the New Classic Economics (NCE) and New Keynesian Economics (NKE). This consensus is a consensus of  New Classical Models which are based on rational expectations and perfect markets assumptions and  New Keynesian Models which are based on sticky wage, sticky prices and rational expectations assumptions, it is a  New Neo Classical Synthesis Economics . In this study, macro consensus discussion that stands out in the mainstream economics literature will be defined as  Mainstream Macro Theoretical Consensus ,  Mainstream Formalist Methodological Consensus and  Mainstream Macro Politics Consensus and the performance of consensus economics will be discussed. Then, the dilemmas and weakness of mainstream methodology against crisis will be prioritized. Classification-JEL: B25, B52, E12, E32. Keywords: New Classical and New Keynesian Consensus, Modern Macro Consensus, Keynes and Keynesian Revolution, DSGE Modells. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197848 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Bankac1l1k Endüstrisinde Performans1n Belirleyenleri ve Politik 0stikrars1zl1k 0li_kisi Author-Name: Ay_e Elif AY YALÇINKAYA Author-Name: Selim ^ANLISOY Author-Name: Üzeyir AYDIN Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of political instability on the performance of Turkish banking industry within the internal and external variables for the period of 2002-2015. Return on assets is used as a criteria for performance of banking industry in terms of panel data analysis. In the context of the results, the banks performance is affected in a negative way by political instability, the banks failure for economies of scale, increasing interest rate for borrowing and volatility of foreign exchange. The performance is affected in a positive way by increasing capital adequacy ratio, growth of revenue and increasing credit volume and scale of the banks. Thus, the banks should consider national and global economic and political developments along with their own balance sheet items. Classification-JEL: C33, D22, G21. Keywords: Bank Performance, Political Instability, Panel Data Analysis, Profitability Determinants. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197850 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Economic Development and Foreign Policy, The Case of Syria 1949-1954 Author-Name: Mehmet Osman ÇATI Abstract: This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the relationship between economic development and foreign policy in Syria in the post-independence period. In this endeavour, Syria has been taken as a state of the global South that was bound to be preoccupied with its condition of underdevelopment, dependence, vulnerability and permeability. Adopting a political economy approach to examine a period of instability marked by three military coups, this paper presents socioeconomic needs of the country as a source of foreign policy and identifies the acquisition of external resources as a key foreign policy objective. Classification-JEL: E60, F35, F52, F54, F63. Keywords: Economic Development, Foreign Policy, Socio-economic Needs, Resource Gap. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197847 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Econometric Analysis of the Relation between the Current Accounts Deficit and the Budget Deficit of the Social Security Institution Author-Name: Özgür Hakan ÇAVU^ Abstract: This study examines the relation between the health expenditure and pension payments which are among the most important spending items leading to the budget deficit of the Social Security Institution (SGK) and the current accounts deficit, in other words the current deficit, which is one of the basic accounts of the balance of payments. For this purpose, the current deficit amounts obtained from the data of the Turkey Republic Central Bank between the years of 2002 and 2013 and the data on health expenditure and pension payments announced by SGK and included among the SGK budget deficit items were subject regression and correlation analyses with the SPSS 20.0 program. According to the results of the regression and correlation analysis, high level relation and explanation level were found between health spending and current deficit as well as between pension payments and current deficit. However, no econometric relation was found between current deficit and SGK budget deficit. Within the framework of the econometric analysis in our study, it was found that the current deficit increase had an effect of 72% on health spending and 75% on pension payments. Classification-JEL: F32, H51, H55, H62. Keywords: Current Deficit, Pension Payments, Health Spending, SGK Budget Deficits. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197851 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye nin Asgari Ücret Oran1  Seçimi : Nedenleri ve Olas1 Sonuçlar1 Author-Name: Ali R1za ÖZDEM0R Author-Name: Melike Rana DAYIOLU Abstract: In this study, choice of minimum wage rate that is related to poverty and inequality has been analyzed on Turkish example. Turkish government has decided 30 percent increase in minimum wage that has been an important campaign issue for the last two national elections. We have seen in fact that minimum wage has been increased every year in the recent past (i.e. increases of 2004 and 2008) and got its adequate share from increasing Turkey s national income. In comparison with EU and OECD member countries, inadequacy in Turkish rates is expected to continue even though the plan of increase in minimum wage is more than causal trend of last 14 years. The analysis shows that even when purchasing power parity is taken into account, minimum wage in Turkey is three times lower and the number of employees working for it is higher more than three times. For this reason, it required to reduce tax wedge on the minimum wage, cooperatively increase social transfers that increases life standards of minimum wage earners and start to use differentiated minimum wage policies while encountering the adverse effect of a raise in minimum wage. Classification-JEL: E2, H3, J3, J5. Keywords: Income Equality and Poverty, Minimum Wage, Taxation. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197852 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Energy Market Regulations and Productivity: An Examination on OECD Countries between the Years of 1975-2007 Author-Name: I_1l ^irin SELÇUK Author-Name: Altu Murat KÖKTA^ Abstract: Regulations in energy markets that began in a number of countries in 1980s has become more widespread in many countries especially in 2000s. In this context, the fact that how the sectorial regulations affect the economy has become an important point in the name of policy implementers. Within the scope of this study, the effect of anti-competitive regulations in energy markets of OECD countries between the years of 1975  2007 on total factor productivity was examined. It is aimed to evaluate effects of sectorial anti-competitive regulation by the use of regulation impact indicator that has been taken from the data base of OECD. In econometric estimations, which were performed by using unbalanced panel data, Cobb-Douglas type of production function that includes energy was characterized and total factor productivity was calculated as residuals of production function in this direction. In consequence of the analysis, it is stated that in case when the regulations in energy market are anti-competitive, they affect total factor productivity in a negative direction. Classification-JEL: D24, Q43, Q48, L51. Keywords: Energy Policy, Regulation, Total Factor Productivity, Production Function. Issue: 24(27) Year: 2016 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197853 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:160113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Ticarette Ürün/Ülke Çe_itlilii ve Firma Performans1: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Ba_ak DALGIÇ Author-Name: Burcu FAZLIOLU Abstract: Abstract: We examine the effects of trade diversification in terms of both countries and products on firm performance with a special focus on the differentials between importing and exporting activities. We utilize a rich and recent dataset for Turkish manufacturing firms over the period 2003 2010. Our results suggest that the more diversified are the firms in terms of products and countries the better they perform. Diversication of importing benefit firms more than diversification of exporting. Moreover diversification premia are much higher in terms of country extensive margins with respect to product extensive margins. Classification-JEL: F10, D21, D24, C21, C2. Keywords: Trade Diversification, Extensive Margins, Firm Heterogeneity, Imports, Exports. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197836 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150401 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0ktisadi Sosyolojiden Yeni 0ktisat Sosyolojisine: 0ktisat ve Sosyoloji 0li_kisinin Dei_en Yüzü Author-Name: Gülenay BA^ D0NAR Abstract: This study aims to put forth the diversities between the economic sociology that was founded at the beginning of the last century and the New Economic Sociology that was established at the middle of 80s and is popular nowadays especially in the USA. The new economic sociology has changed the traditional relation between the economics and sociology. While the economic sociology approach that emerged at the beginning of last century has worked on a ground that may be resumed as an evaluation of the economic events from a sociological standpoint; the new economic sociology approach that emerged at 80s has the opposite content that evaluates the sociological events with an economic view point. It may be said that due to that quality, the new economic sociology approach is a typical example for the methological imperialism of the economics. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, the transformation of the relation between economics and sociology will be examined; secondly the main principles of the economic sociology based on the ideas of Weber and Durkheim will be assessed and lastly, along with a critical examination of the new economic sociology, the study will end with an evaluation of what may be done in order to reattach the bonds between the economics and the society that were already cut off. Classification-JEL: B41, B50, Z13. Keywords: Economic Sociology, New Economic Sociology, Weber, Durkheim, Methodological Individualism. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197837 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150402 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gelir ve Mutluluk: Gelir Kar_1la_t1rmas1n1n Etkisi Author-Name:Onur KÖKSAL Author-Name:Faruk ^AH0N Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of income comparison in the relationship between income and happiness on Turkish sample. The research data was obtained from Life Satisfaction Survey carried out by Turkey Statistical Institute in 2012. The research sample consisted of 7956 individuals. As part of the purpose of this paper, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the main and interaction effects of income and income comparison on individual happiness. According to the analysis results, as individuals perceived their own welfare higher than others, the effect of income on happiness decreased. These results are significant in terms of individuals could not be happier even in high welfare state perception. Classification-JEL: D31, M10. Keywords: Income, Happiness, Income Comparison. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197828 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150403 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Öznel Sosyal S1n1flar ve Ekonomik E_itsizlikler Hakk1ndaki Görü_ler Author-Name: An1l DUMAN Abstract: The tolerance for economic inequalities displays remarkable differences among countries including Turkey. While in some countries the shifts in inequality are accepted more easily, in others the demand for redistributive policies went up rapidly. This study aims to examine the reasons for changing opinions on inequality among people even when there are no transformations in their economic positions. Besides economic, social, institutional and normative indicators the study shows that subjective class status is also explanatory for redistributive preferences. The study also found that in Turkey the share of people identifying themselves with middle class increased over time, which decreased the redistributive preferences in comparison to earlier periods. Classification-JEL: D31, D63, H23. Keywords: Redistribution, Social Policy, Preference Formation, Income Distribution. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197830 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150404 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Nonlinear Dynamics in Term Structure of Interest Rates: Evidence from the Euro Area Author-Name: Ay_en ARAÇ Abstract: The long run relationship between short term and long term interest rates has drawn much attention since European sovereign debt crisis in 2011-2012. Motivated by this observation, this paper investigates the expectations hypothesis (EH) of term structure of interest rates in the euro area for the 2000:01-2014:04 period. By using the nonlinear cointegration approach developed by Kapetanios et al. (2006), we find that the long run relationship between long term and short term interest rates is stable with nonlinear adjustment. Our results provide evidence in favour of the EH. Moreover, the findings suggest that nonlinear mean reversion effects of the cointegrating residuals increase with the maturity of interest rates. Classification-JEL: E43, C22. Keywords: Term Structure of Interest Rates, Expectation Hypothesis, Nonlinear Cointegration. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197829 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150405 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Turistlerin Tatil Dönemlerinde Sergiledikleri Liminoid Davran1_lar Author-Name: Semra AKTA^ POLAT Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the liminoid behaviors exhibited on vacation periods by tourists and to discover whether there is a statistically significant difference between liminoid behaviors and nationality and types of tourism. According to the results of the analyses, it is discovered that there is a statistically significant difference between the liminoid behaviors and participants nationalities, and there is also a statistically significant difference between the liminoid behaviors and the types of tourism in which the participants involved. As a result of this research, the five types of liminoid behaviors (hedonism, privacy, tolerance-anomaly, identity detachment, play-player) related to vacation periods have been identified. According to this classification, five types of tourists are suggested; hedonist, anonymous, permissive, faceless and player under  liminoid tourist concept. Classification-JEL: M100, M310, M390. Keywords: Tourist Psychology, Liminoid, Tourist Behavior, Tourism. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197831 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150406 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Kredi Kart1 Kullan1m1n1n Para Politikas1ndaki Rolü ve Etkileri Author-Name: Esra KABAKLARLI Abstract: In this study, the role and effect of credit card usage which has increased by the years in terms of volume of credit card transactions and number of users through the monetary transmission policy is investigated. The monetary transmission policy which is used by central banks to reach the inflation and financial stability targets through money policy tools is discussed recently. Credit cards usage which belongs to credit channel in the monetary transmission mechanism, is deployed to see effects on monetary policy and the relationship between the economic growth, inflation and interest rates variables are analyzed by using VAR (Vector Autoregression) model for monthly data over the period 2005 2014 in Turkish economy. Classification-JEL: C32, E44, E50. Keywords: Monetary Policy, Credit Cards, VAR Analysis. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197832 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150407 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Mali Yerelle_me Emareleri ve Yatay E_itsizlik Sorunu Author-Name: Berkan KARAGÖZ Abstract: The article explains the horizontal inequality problem which is an obstacle for fiscal decentralisation which has been 21th century trend and shown as a solution to the inefficiency of the public sector by the case of Turkey. The aim of this study is to reveal the signs of fiscal decentralisation in Turkey and to contribute to the local government economics by revealing whether people migrate with the fiscal considerations. The article consists of quantitative analysis section and empirical analysis section. In quantitative analysis section using various fiscal data, the horizontal inequality problem is revealed. In the section of the empirical analysis, the existence of the fiscal considerations about inner migration is analysis including period 2007-2010 with annual data based on panel data techniques in Turkey. According to test results showing how the model should be constructed, testing the existence of the fiscal considerations about iner migration bases on a random effects model. Classification-JEL: H70, H77. Keywords: Local Government Economics, Fiscal Decentralisation, Horizontal Inequality. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197838 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150408 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye 0çin Orta Gelir Tuza1ndan Kurtulu_ Önerileri Author-Name: Hasan AT0K Abstract:Middle income trap is defined as countries that attains the middle income but could not reach higher income for many years. To overcome the trap necessitates qualified and steady economic growth. In this study, information on middle income trap will firstly be given, then experiences of countries, which overcome the middle income trap, will be investigated and suggestions for Turkey will be presented. Classification-JEL: O10, O30, O40. Keywords: Middle Income Trap, Innovation, R&D, University-Industry Collaboration, Human Capital, Value Added. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197833 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150409 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Orta Gelir Tuza1 ve Türkiye'nin Konumu Aç1s1ndan Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Cemal Caner UYANIK Abstract:The issue investigated in this paper is quite important on the grounds that Turkey is mentioned among the countries in middle income trap and it is challenging to overcome this trap. The quality of the workforce, and accordingly workforce s relatively low wage profile, economic policy and structural factors are selected as explanatory variables. In this paper, the issue is discussed in details in the context of explanatory variables by examining the strategic moves of the selected countries and appropriate road map is tried to be drawn. Classification-JEL: O10, O20, O50, J00, J30. Keywords: Middle Income Trap, Economic Policy, The Quality of Workforce, Structural Factors. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197834 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150410 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Orta Gelir Tuza1nda Türkiye: 2023 Author-Name: Çala ERKOÇ Abstract: The aim of this study is to search the ways for Turkey to overcome the middle-income trap. The main problem of developing countries is that growth rate gets stationary after a certain level. Some measures can be taken to prevent the economy from remaining stagnant. This study focuses on the causes of the middle-income trap and the ways to overcome this trap. Besides, a comparison between Turkey and other developing countries is made with the help of descriptive analysis. Classification-JEL: O10, O30, O50. Keywords: Middle Income Trap, Turkey, Economic Development. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197835 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150411 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Borsa 0stanbul da 0_lem Gören 0malat Sanayi ^irketlerinin Sermaye Yap1lar1n1n Firmaya Özgü Belirleyicileri Author-Name: Nida ABD0OLU Author-Name:Devran DEN0Z Abstract: This paper investigates the factors that determine the capital structure of the manufacturing industry firms that are listed in B0ST between the period 2009 and 2013. We use the data for 188 firms that are included in sub sectors of manufacuring industry. These sectors are food-beverage-tobacco, textile-wearing apparel-leather, paper and paper products-printing-publishing, chemicals-petroleum rubber-plastic products, nonmetalic mineral products, basic metal industries, fabricated metal products-machinery-equipment, wood products including furniture. We use the ratio of total debt to total liabilities as a proxy for capital structure. We also use random effect panel regression to run our analyses. Our findings indicate consistent results with pecking order theory. Classification-JEL: G30, G32. Keywords: Capital Structure, Pecking Order Theory, Static Trade-off Theory, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197839 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150412 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ekonomik Koordinasyon Balam1nda Enflasyon Hedeflemesi ve Mali Disiplin 0li_kisi: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Hilmi ÇOBAN Abstract: Ensuring economic coordination is very important in terms of managing the macro economic impact of policies. Coordination of monetary and fiscal policy in terms of the basic policy of macro-economic effects has been emphasized more than in recent years. In this study, within the framework of the coordination of monetary and fiscal policy will focus on the need for economic coordination and find a wide range of applications in recent years, the relationship between inflation targeting and fiscal discipline will attempt to demonstrate using Granger causality analyses and Turkish treasury and Central bank monthly data from the 2006-2014 years. Classification-JEL: E61, E52, E31. Keywords: Economic Coordination, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Inflation Targeting. Issue: 23(26) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197840 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150413 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sal1k Çal1_anlar1n1n Lider-Üye Etkile_im Düzeylerinin Çe_itli Özellikler Aç1s1ndan Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Duygu ÜREK Author-Name: Özgür UURLUOLU Abstract: This study aims to determine the leader-member exchange levels of health professions and reveal whether or not the evaluations related to these levels vary by personal, organizational, and leader s characteristics. To this end, the data obtained from 423 health professions have been evaluated. The results indicate that employees have a medium leader-member exchange level and there are statistically significant differences between employees evaluations related to leader-member exchange level and its sub-dimensions by age, education, position, status of holding a managerial position, working period in industry, leadership training, hospital type, leader s age, and status of meeting the leader outside the work. Classification-JEL: M10. Keywords: Leader-Member Exchange, Health Professions, Hospital. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197821 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150301 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Origins of Energy Security: British Energy Policy in the Middle East (Selling the Same Horse Three Times!) Author-Name: Ioannis VIDAKIS Abstract: This specific text focuses on UK energy policy. It attempts to link the past to the present by making a short story focusing on energy sources. The United Kingdom has decided to use the «black gold» in warships, with a serious risk: it didn t have its own inventory and had to look for it elsewhere. The decision of Britain involved countries and people of the wider Middle East in support of its energy interests for many years. Classification-JEL: A12, F34, F50, N70, Q480. Keywords: Energy, Energy Resources, Energy Policy, Energy Security, British Energy Policy, Middle East. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197820 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150302 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0lçeler Düzeyinde Sosyal Sermaye Analizi: Konya ve Karaman Örnei Author-Name: Ali ERBA^I Abstract: The purpose of this research is to propose a model for can be analyzed social capital structure in districts level and in this context, is to analyze social capital structure of two cities central and their districts (Konya and Karaman) that located TR52 Level 2 Region. To achieve this goal, social capital index were calculated in 37 districts that in Konya (31) and in Karaman (6), social capital map was edited and it is examined that relationship between social capital level and social and economic development level. It is expected to be the results of this study should guide to public administrators to determining the strategy and planning activities about strengthen the social capital whom the districts have a low index and should contribute to research about social capital that desired doing at districts level. Classification-JEL: O150, O470, R110. Keywords: Social Capital, District Level, Development, Konya, Karaman. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197822 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150303 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: K1rg1zistan D1_ Ticaret Dengesinin Belirleyicileri Author-Name: Jusup PIRIMBAEV Author-Name: Zamira OSKONBAEVA Abstract: This study aims to estimate using monthly data for the 2000-2013 period, the main determinants of the trade balance of Kyrgyzstan. For this purpose, in the framework of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model were used the following variables: the balance of trade (export/import), GDP, the real exchange rate and money supply (M2). The results of the econometric analysis show that the monetary and the elasticity models perform better. In other words, 1% increase in the real exchange rate leads to an improvement in the trade balance by about 1.09%, and 1% decrease in the money supply leads to an improvement in the trade balance by about 0.51%. In the long run Marshall-Lerner condition is observed while in the short term is not found J-curve effect. Classification-JEL: F1, F14. Keywords: Foreign Trade Balance, ARDL Model, Elasticity Approach, Absorption Approach, Monetarist Approach, J-curve. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197823 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150304 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Investigation of Economic Activities of Single Parent Families Author-Name: Muhammet Serhat ÖZTÜRK Author-Name: Ayfer AYDINER BOYLU Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the economic activities of single parent families and make valid recommendations for improving these activities. Participants of this study consisted of single parent families employees at the Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey (n=119). According the results, it is more than half among families who are not taking support about child care with or without a payment (56.3%) and not getting help for house cleaning with a payment (65.5%). Attract the attention that the families who couldn t make savings or investment (57.1%), who became indebted (74.8%). Most of the families do not get support from any institution/ agency/ foundation or immediate vicinity (90.8%). Among the families, getting help who take fiscal aid (45.5%) and who receive support from their family (45.5%) are less than half. Classification-JEL: J12, J13, J18. Keywords: Single Parent Families, Economic Activities, Family Economy. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197824 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150305 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Turizm Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme 0li_kisinin Kamu Politikalar1 Dorultusunda Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Eda BALIKÇIOLU Author-Name: Kutay OKTAY Abstract: The contribution of tourism that arrange country s economies is frequently discussed in the literature. Researching the economic impacts of tourism, public policies considerable effects undeniable. The aim of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between economic growth and tourism by using quarterly data for Turkey for the period of 2003 2014. The results show that there is a co-integration between tourism and economic growth. In addition, our results for the Granger causality test indicate that there is a unidirectional causality from economic growth to tourism. At the end of this study, these relationship is evaluated in accordance with the public policy. Classification-JEL: L83, O40, H30, C22. Keywords: Tourism Sector, Economic Growth, Public Policy, Granger Causality Analyses. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197825 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150306 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vergi Mükelleflerinin Vergi Denetimi Alg1lar1: Çorum Örnei Author-Name: Metin SALAM Author-Name: Deniz AYTAÇ Abstract: The basic economic theory of tax compliance deals with the question  why taxpayers pay taxes . But a psychological tax contract explains tax complaince as an interaction between tax payers and the tax authority. Based on psychological tax contract theory, taxpayers willingness to pay their taxes and willing to honestly declare their income, raised, when the tax official streat them with respect. This study aims to examine the hypothesis of psychological tax contract by using a survey which is applied to members of Çorum Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Classification-JEL: H20, H29. Keywords: Psychological Tax Contract, Tax Audit Perception, Tax Compliance. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197826 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150307 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Transitional Dynamics of Turkish Business Cycle Author-Name: Vasif AB0YEV Author-Name: Re_at CEYLAN Author-Name: Munise ILIKKAN ÖZGÜR Abstract: In this study we investigated usefulness of oil price shocks in predicting switches between the growth phases of output in Turkey using monthly data for the period 1986-2014 by extending Markov Switching framework to include time-varying transition probabilities. We investigate the issue of whether the addition of various real oil price shocks to a univariate Markov Switching model for output can characterize the dynamics of business cycles better than the fixed transition probability version of Markov Switching model. The main results are summarized as follows. We find that although information about the lags of output growth and the information contained in transition probabilities combine to help identify which state of the economy has occurred in the TVTP model, oil price shocks are not the leading indicator of Turkish business cycle. Classification-JEL: E32, Q41, Q43. Keywords: Business Cycle, Markov Switching Regime, Oil Shocks, Leading Indicator. Issue: 23(25) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197827 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150308 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: K1rg1zistan da Kad1n Giri_imcilii: Durum Analizi ve Perspektifleri Author-Name: Seyil NAJIMUDINOVA Abstract: Both academic and practical interest on women entrepreneurship is emerging in both developed and developing countries. Today, women entrepreneurs are turning to the major players in the global economy. This study discusses general situation and dynamics of women entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan, motivation factors of women entrepreneurs, faced obstacles and perspectives in two different periods like after independence and nowadays. It was concluded that factors that hamper women entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan have less socio-cultural nature, but are more originated by general macro-economic problems in the country. Classification-JEL: L26. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Women, Entrepreneurs, Problems, Kyrgyzstan. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197810 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tek Fiyat Kanunu ve Sat1n Alma Gücü Paritesi Hipotezine 0li_kin Ampirik Bulgular: Bir Literatür Taramas1 Author-Name: Giray GÖZGÖR Abstract: This paper aims to survey the literature on concepts of the Law of One Price (LOP) and the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis and to present a detailed literature review of the empirical findings. In this paper, starting from the deviations from the LOP and the PPP as well as their main reasons, we briefly overview latest econometric and statistical techniques in general. We also examine the empirical literature on advanced economies in particular. This paper provides a comparative outlook to researchers, who are interested in related subjects in international economics and international finance. Classification-JEL: F31, F39, G10. Keywords: Law of One Price, Purchasing Power Parity, Literature Review, Exchange Rate Markets, Developed Countries. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-Url: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197812 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Regional Convergence in Turkey Regarding Welfare Indicators Author-Name: Seda ÖZGÜL Author-Name: Metin KARADA Abstract: The main aim of this study is to investigate conditional convergence by using welfare indicators at NUTS 2 level in Turkey. We use cross-section analysis for the 1990-2001 time period for the aim of the study. Three growth indicators were used as the dependent variable, which are per capita GDP, per person employed GDP and development index. Hence, the effects of illiterate population rate, high school graduated rate, public capital per person, population growth rate on convergence were investigated. The results of this study show that there is some evidence of unconditional convergence in Turkey in general. Moreover, the results indicate that socio-economic indicators have no effect on regional growth in general. Only the population growth rate which is used in the analysis and per capita GDP as dependent variable has negative and significant results. Classification-JEL: R11, R15, C51. Keywords: Regional Development, Conditional Convergence, Cross-section Analyzes, Welfare Indicators. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197811 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Poverty and the Determinants of Poverty Transitions: The Case of Turkey Author-Name: Ba_ak DALGIÇ Author-Name: Pelin VAROL 0Y0DOAN Author-Name: Aytekin GÜVEN Abstract: Using SILC data, we present a general framework for the distribution of poverty in Turkey, over the period 2005-11 in terms of various household characteristics. We further examine those factors in affecting households probability of poverty entries and exits. The household characteristics explored in this study are age, education, employment status, social security registration, health status, household size, household composition and, income acquisition status. Consistent with the existing literature, our results indicate that in Turkey, poverty distribution differentiates according to various socio-economic factors, while these factors significantly affect the dynamics of poverty entries and poverty exits. Classification-JEL: D31, I32, I38. Keywords: Poverty, Poverty Transitions, Turkey. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197813 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dynamic Efficiency of Turkish Banks: a DEA Window and Malmquist Index Analysis for the Period of 2003-2012 Author-Name: Aziz KUTLAR Author-Name: Ali KABASAKAL Author-Name: Adem BABACAN Abstract: This article utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to obtain technical efficiency and allocative efficiency scores of 23 commercial banks which operate in Turkey uninterruptedly between 2003 and 2012. According to results of CCR model analysis 3 banks are not technically efficient in the first years, the number of technically inefficient banks doubles in 2012. On the other hand the number of allocatively inefficient banks is only 5 in the first year and the number declines to 4 in the last year. The number of technically inefficient banks in the beginning is only one in terms of BCC model yet the number rose to 4 at the end of the study period. The relevant figure for allocative efficiency is 10 in the beginning and 16 at the end. DEA window analysis indicates that public banks with high amount of deposits tend to have higher efficiency scores while private banks have lower efficiency scores. The highest average in efficiency scores for all the banks occur in win4 to win5 (2006- 09 to 2007- 10) period. The Malmquist Index is used to analyze total factor productivity and its increase merely by two thousandth (0,002) for all the enterprises. Classification-JEL: C14, C23, C44, D24, G21. Keywords: Non-Parametric Method, Panel Data, DEA, TFP, Banking. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197814 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Alkollü 0çecek Vergilerinin Sosyal Maliyetleri Azalt1c1 Etkilerinin Bireysel Tutumlar Yönünden Analizi (0stanbul 0li Örnei) Author-Name: Ufuk GERGERL0OLU Author-Name: Kutluk Kaan SÜMER Abstract: In this article, in terms of education, income and marital status variable from the perspective of the Turkey the social costs mitigating effects of spirits sale taxes which imposed on the individual attitudes will be analyzed. Classification-JEL: H20, H30. Keywords: Spirits Sale Tax, Attitude, Social Cost. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197815 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Eko Otellerden Hizmet Sat1n Al1m1nda Ku_aklar Aras1 Farkl1la_malar Üzerine Bir Çal1_ma Author-Name: P1nar BA^GÖZE Author-Name: Nalan Asl1han BAYAR Abstract: The study aims to examine the generation differentiations concerning service purchase intentions for eco-hotels. The hypotheses of the study have been designed within the framework of this objective. In order to test the hypotheses and the query questions the questionnaire method was used as the main data collection technique. The sample group of the study consists of 427 people covering 219 X generation participants and 208 Y generation participants. Variance analysis (ANOVA) has been used in order to identify the relationship between the variables of the model. The conclusions reflect that X generation s eco-hotel service purchase intentions are higher than that of Y generation s. Classification-JEL: M100, M140. Keywords: Eco Hotel, X Generation, Y Generation. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197816 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title:Türkçe ve Yabanc1 Dilde Marka 0smi Kullan1lmas1n1n Alg1lanan Kalite ve Sat1n Alma 0steine Etkisi Author-Name: Leyla ÖZER Author-Name: Beyza GÜLTEK0N Author-Name: Sinem AYDIN Abstract: his study examines the differences between Turkish and foreign branding in the context of the influence of brand name and price on perceived quality and the influence of perceived quality on willingness to buy. Proposed hypotheses are tested by the data collected from consumers, in Ankara. As a result, brand name and price affect perceived quality; perceived quality has an influence on willingness to buy for both types of brands. On the other hand, Turkish and foreign branding do not differ in the mentioned effects. Classification-JEL: M310. Keywords: Brand Name, Foreign Branding, Price, Perceived Quality, Willingness to Buy. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197817 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Which Group of Individuals are subjected to Get Long-Term Unemployed During and After a Recession? Evidence from Turkey Author-Name: Hac1 Mehmet TA^ÇI Author-Name: Ali R1za ÖZDEM0R Author-Name: Burak DARICI Abstract: This study tests the effects of individual characteristics on the incidence of being longterm unemployed in Turkey using data from Turkey s Household Labor Force Surveys of 2010 and 2011 which are the first two following years of Global Economic Recession. The results indicate that females are more likely to be long-term unemployed than males and this result hinders for  gender discrimination against women. The results also indicate that increases in education as well as age increases the probability of being long-term unemployed and this indicates inadequacy of education and experience in Turkish labor market. Classification-JEL: J41, J64. Keywords: Long-term Unemployment, Sample Selection, Gender, Turkey. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197818 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Importance of Transport Corridors in Regional Development: The Case of TRACECA Author-Name: Hilal YILDIRIR KESER Abstract: After the Second World War regional development has been an important subject of economic analysis. Transport activities and developing transport corridors have been observed among the most important factors in ensuring regional development. One of the most comprehensive transport corridors is the TRACECA (Europa-Caucasus-Asia Transport Corridor) corridor which is referred to as the New Silk Road. The TRACECA corridor has been thought to play an important role in Turkey's all kinds of passenger and freight transport, use of the potential in terms of tourism and trade, and regional development. With this point of view in mind, in the study, it has been aimed to reveal the effects of TRACECA corridor on the economic potential and regional development. Within this context, firstly the regional development has been handled. Then, referring to the transport corridors, TRACECA corridor has been explained, and the effects of TRACECA towards regional development have been discussed. Classification-JEL: R1, F1, F63. Keywords: Regional Development, Transport Corridor, TRACECA, The New Silk Road. Issue: 23(24) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197819 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Finansal S1k1nt1n1n Tan1m1 ve Piyasa Odakl1 Çözümleri: Borç Yap1land1rma, Varl1k Sat1_1 ve Yeni Sermaye Enjeksiyonu Author-Name: Hakan B0L0R Abstract: Although it is not necessary every distress firm goes bankruptcy, recent global financial crisis caused to occur many bankruptcy and liquidation process. As a result, prediction of financial distress process become very popular nowadays. However, there is no agreement about definition of financial distress. Many confuse this concept related but different ones such as default, insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation and etc. Moreover, different approaches to the definition of financial distress show how the concept is so complex and versatile. This conflict complicates to build prediction models of financial distress as well. In practice typically bankruptcy prediction models are used instead. When the process is identified correctly, it is easier to decide which private market based solution will be used. Classification-JEL: G32 Keywords: Financial Distress, Bankruptcy, Liquidation, Restructuring. Issue: 23(23) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197806 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Views of Tokat Tax Office Employees Regarding the Rights and Obligations of Taxpayers Author-Name: Deniz ^AH0N Author-Name: Elvan CEN0KL0 Abstract: As the importance of taxpayers rights and obligations rises, the analysis of the extent to what taxpayers and the employees of revenue authority (RA) are aware of taxpayer rights and obligations and to what extent they comply with them increases in importance. The present study aims to evaluate this issue based on the opinions of Tokat Tax Office (TTO) employees and employs qualitative research methodology. According to the research results,it is understood that there is a certain level of consciousness and knowledge regarding taxpayer rights and obligations in Turkey. However, it is clear such knowledge and consciousness are not at a sufficient level and there is need for more studies on this subject in order to reach the desired level. Classification-JEL: H200. Keywords: Taxpayer Rights, Taxpayer Obligations, Taxpayers Declarations, Revenue Authority, Tax Office. Issue: 23(23) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197805 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Unchanging Rescuer of Economic Crises: Fiscal Policy Author-Name: Hüseyin ^EN Author-Name: Ay_e KAYA Abstract: This paper studies the role of fiscal policy, which has recently come to the fore as a rescuer during economic crises and focuses very much on its historical role in economic crises in general and in the recent crisis in particular. Classification-JEL: H12, E62, E52, E60. Keywords: Economic Crisis, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Macroeconomic Policy. Issue: 23(23) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197807 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Domestic Saving and Tax Structure: Evidence from Turkey Author-Name: Sava_ ÇEV0K Abstract: The impact of tax policy and tax structure on national saving level is an important question for both macroeconomic stabilization and growth purposes, for especially developing countries. This paper examines the impact of tax structure on domestic saving for Turkey through cointegration and vector error correction models from 1965-2011 annual data. The results indicate that there are unidirectional Granger causalities to domestic saving from variables on tax for short-run coefficients. For the long-run, taxes on income as a share of total tax revenue found to be having negative impact on domestic saving, while the ratio of consumption taxes to total tax revenue found to be having negative impact on domestic saving. While the results are consistent with theoretical literature, they may be expected to contribute to empirical discussion of design the tax policy on developing countries and Turkey where do not have enough empirical finding in the field. Classification-JEL: E21, E62, H30. Keywords: Domestic Saving, Tax Structure, Tax Mix, Tax Policy, Vector Error Correction. Issue: 23(23) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197808 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title:Sorgun Kazas1 XIX. Yüzy1l Temettüat Defterleri Üzerinden Gelir Da1l1m1 ve Göreli Yoksulluk Üzerine Bir 0nceleme Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Author-Name: Altu Murat KÖKTA^ Author-Name: I_1l ^irin SELÇUK Abstract: Temettuat records which were implemented after Tanzimat reforms in the middle of the 19th century serves detailed information on the socio-economic characteristics of households. The present study aims to investigate the income distribution and relative poverty of Sorgun Township in Province of Sivas, Bozok Sanjak. In the study using data from 1844-1845 temettuat records income inequality is measured by using Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient and relative poverty rate is calculated by using fifty percent of the median income. The results show that, the pre-tax Gini coefficient is 0.3743 while Gini coefficient for after-tax income is 0.4031. The relative poverty rate for before tax and after tax is 20% and 30%, respectively. In this context, it is found that the tax system increased income inequality and the results were regressive. Classification-JEL: I31, I32, I38. Keywords: Income Distribution, Relative Poverty, Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient, Ottoman State. Issue: 23(23) Year: 2015 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197809 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:150105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye Ekonomisinde D1_ Borçlar1n Sürdürülebilirlii: E_bütünle_me Analizi Author-Name: Sinan ÇUKURÇAYIR Abstract: External barrowing has a special position in economy of a country in terms of both its structure and reasons of taking. For this reason, that external sources which are transferred into economy via external barrowing during political decision making process should be used effectively and efficiently requires importance. In this sense, the aim of this research is to evaluate the possible effects of external loans on economies of the countries and to explain the sustainability of external loans in Turkey with the help of analysis of co-integration based on time series. In this regard, as a result of analysis and methods which is the framework of the model proposed by Sawada and Hakkio & Rush used in study, it has been concluded that provided the ability to repay foreign debt condition, between the years of 1980-2010 in Turkey s economy. Classification-JEL: H50, H60, C50. Keywords: Public Deficits, External Debt, External Debt Sustainability, Co-integration Analysis. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197786 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vergi Bilincinin Olu_umunda Bili_im Teknolojilerinin Rolü: 0zmir 0li 0çin Bir Uygulama Author-Name: Haluk EGEL0 Author-Name: Funda D0R0L Abstract: Today, it is necessary to establish and give effect to the mechanisms which increase the tax awareness to ensure the maximum benefit from taxation. Information technologies, which plays a very important role for the country s economy by increasing the tax awareness. In this study, firstly, tax awareness concept and the importance of information technologies in creation of tax awareness are introduced and the point how the use of social media tools affects the tax awareness is emphasized. Then, a survey is conducted for the Certified Public Accountant for the province of Izmir .The answers to the survey questions in the questionnaire are firstly subjected to the analysis of the frequency and reliability and then eight of them are subjected to the ANOVA test within the framework of one-way analysis of variance and the findings are evaluated. Classification-JEL: H20, L86. Keywords: Tax Awareness, Information Technologies, Social Media. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197787 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dijital Kamusal Mallar Author-Name: Özay ÖZPENÇE Abstract: This study is to examine the concepts (new economy, digital economy and digital goods) replaced in the international literature and to bring  digital public goods concept to Turkish literature. In this context, primarily the concept of digital goods defined. After that, types of public goods explained and the work focused on the feature of digital goods publicness. In this study, digital goods are evaluated in public goods based on the assumptions of two characteristics of public goods: non-excludability and non-rivalry in consumption/use. Finally, aimed to establish the existence of the digital economy, as the new economy entered the literature and today with the development of digital goods to be dealt with in more detail on them. Classification-JEL: H41, H00, P43. Keywords: Digital Public Good, Digitalism, Digital Economy, Digital Divide, e-Government. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197788 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Performans Esasl1 Bütçeleme Sistemi ve Dier Bütçe Sistemlerinden Farkl1l1klar1 Üzerine Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Elif ^AH0N 0PEK Author-Name: Mustafa SAKAL Author-Name: Hüseyin Ç0ÇEK Abstract: In the study traditional and modern budget systems are comparatively examined in terms of the anticipated changes with the adoption of budget systems and in terms of allocation efficiency and operational efficiency. The most remarkable system among modern budget systems, namely the  performance based budgeting system is analysed in detail. The fundamental finding of the study is that there is a consensus in the literature and application on the efficiency and productivity of performance based budgeting system for enhancing managerial efficiency and for the procurement of resource allocation. Classification-JEL: H61. Keywords: Budget Systems, Performance Based Budgeting. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197789 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Syrian Energy Policies of the "Four Seas" and Their Geopolitical Repercussions Author-Name: John KARKAZIS Author-Name: Ioannis VIDAKIS Author-Name: Georgios BALTOS Abstract: The article gives, first, a brief historical review of the development of the oil and natural gas sectors of Damascus. Next, the article focuses on oil pipeline networks in Syria, the geopolitical controversy introduced by them and the various investment projects in the energy sector pushed forward by the Syrian government. Finally, the article analyses president Assad s grand energy policies of the  Four Seas aiming to transform Syria to an energy networks hub in the Region and comments on the arising geopolitical repercussions. Classification-JEL: A12, F50, N75, Q48. Keywords: Energy, Energy Resources, Energy Policy, Energy Security, Syrian Energy Policy, Middle East. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197790 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Seniority: A Blessing or A Curse? The Effect of Economics Training on the Perception of Distributive Justice Author-Name: 0brahim Erdem SEÇ0LM0^ Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the level of economics knowledge on the perception of equity in a Rawlsian sense when distributional issues are of concern to the students at different stages of their education. The purpose is to question the widely held belief that economics teaching has an influence on ethical views of individuals. To examine the relationship between fairness judgments and the level of the economics education, I use a survey-type experimental design, originally developed by Gaertner (1992), in which six different situations are investigated. By carrying out the questionnaire survey among both undergraduate and graduate students of public finance, I find that a clear learning effect does not exist. However, on the other hand, I cannot conclude against the indoctrination hypothesis in favor of the self-selection hypothesis; because the study seeks only to achieve a better understanding of the learning effect. Moreover, my results suggest that personal features, parental background and future income expectations of the students are mostly not strong variables enough to affect the response patterns. Classification-JEL: A13, A20, D63. Keywords: Distributive Justice, Rawlsian Approach, Economics Training, Learning Effect. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197791 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Muhasebe Temelli Tahmin Modelleri I_11nda, Finansal S1k1nt1 ve 0flas1n Kar_1la_t1r1lmas1 Author-Name: 0hsan KULALI Abstract: More than fifty years, there have been many academic studies about financial distress. Although there is no absolute and common-shared definition of financial distress, generally prediction models have been correlated with bankruptcy. However, financial distress is not only related with bankruptcy but also different from bankruptcy in some manner. Bankruptcy can be accepted as a last step of financial distress and generally it is related with violation of the debt liabilities. In this manner, financially, it is correlated with the balance sheet more than financial distress. When it is accepted that bankruptcy is a last step of financial distress, there is no enough time for firms manager to eliminate financial distress in the light of bankruptcy prediction model result. This situation requires building different prediction model for financial distress. Classification-JEL: G32. Keywords: Financial Distress, Bankruptcy, Z-Score, Accounting-based Prediction Models. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL:http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197792 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Sosyal Politika ve Koruyucu Aile Hizmet Modeli Author-Name: Leman ERDAL Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the theory and practice of the foster family care model for the children/younsters  in need of protection and institutional care by discussing the basic concepts and instruments of child care. Firstly, the concepts of social state and social policy will be described. The foster family care model which is accepted as a powerful tool in  being integrated into society or  return to the family , for the children in need of protection has been supported by recent government. In this context, the importance and necessity of the foster family care model will be discussed, and the legal regulations related to the model will be provided. In the final part of the study, the application of Foster Family Care Model in Istanbul, which has an outstanding population density, and across the country will be presented with graphics based on statistical data, followed by some policy recommendations. Classification-JEL: H1, H11, H53, I38. Keywords: Social State, Social Policy, Child Care, the Foster Family Care Model. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197793 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sat1n Alma Gücü Paritesi Hipotezi (SAGP) nin OECD Ülkeleri 0çin Test Edilmesi Author-Name: Re_at CEYLAN Author-Name: Hakan ULUCAN Abstract: The main aim of this study is to test the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for OECD countries among which the economic integration have been increasing over time. In this study purchasing power parity is tested for 25 OECD countries by using the yearly data from 1970 to 2013. KSS and AESTAR test procedures that are based on non-linear techniques are used in the study. Findings suggest that AESTAR estimation gives more robust results than KSS. Because according to AESTAR procedure the PPP hypothesis holds 20 OECD countries. Classification-JEL: E61, F31, F41. Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis, Real Exchange Rate, KSS Test, AESTAR Test. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197794 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Çok Özellikli Ürünlerin Testinde Makine Seçim Optimizasyonu 0çin K1s1t Programlama Uygulamas1 Author-Name: Onur KOYUNCU Abstract: Testing process is an important cost component, especially for complex products, where companies must carefully plan their resources. Also, the testing of multiple attribute products has a direct effect on yield quality and related costs. Current research does not consider the test and repair equipment selection problem as an optimization problem. This paper briefly describes a test process based on an imperfect test repair loop and describes a constraint programming approach as a solution method. Model stands for an economic choice of test selection equipment with a realistic cost estimation approach which can also be generalized for repair equipment s. Classification-JEL: A12, C61, L15. Keywords: Test Design, Equipment Selection, Optimization, Constraint Programming. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197795 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye 0malat Sanayiinde Ölçek Baz1nda Kârl1l1k ve Temel Giderler 0li_kisi: 1998-2009 Dönemi Author-Name: Cemil Ç0FTÇ0 Abstract: This study examine the effects of research and development (R&D), advertising, marketing and distribution and general management expenses on firms and analysis these variables effects on gross profit margin for small, medium-sized, and large firms with Turkish Manufacturing subsectors data by empirically. Our empirical results show that for the small size only advertising, marketing and distribution expenses is significant, for medium-sized firms R&D and advertisement, marketing and distribution is significant, but general management expenses is not. For the large firms all variables are significant, but the most important variable on gross profit margin is the general administrative expenses. The result of R&D effect on gross profit margin in medium-sized firms is bigger than in large firms is quite important for policy makers. Classification-JEL: L60, O30, M30. Keywords: Manufacturing, R&D, Marketing and Advertising. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197796 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Balkan Piyasalar1n1 Hedef Alan Doal Gaz Boru Hatt1 Projeleri Aras1nda Rekabet: NABUCCO-Güney Ak1m ve Trans-Adriyatik Boru Hatt1 (TAP) Projeleri Örnei Author-Name: Volkan ÖZDEM0R Abstract: In this article it is argued that historical rivalry for the dominance over Balkan region between Austrian-Russian and Ottoman Empires has been reproduced in the form of geopolitics of natural gas pipelines in the 21st century. In order to transport Azeri gas to South East Europe a harsh competition has been observed between some pipeline projects which have been developed by different actors that seek to pursue their own strategic interests. After a choice by Shah Deniz Consortium, TANAP and TAP projects have become the winners of this competition. During the process of three-lateral energy diplomacy between EU-Russia and Turkey, while Russia and Turkey have been taking into account each other s positions, at the end of the day the loser had become NABUCCO Project which is supported by Austria and other central EU members. Classification-JEL: Q34, Q35, Q41, Q48. Keywords: Natural Gas, Geopolitics of Pipelines, EU, Russia, Turkey. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197797 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Katastrofik Sal1k Harcamalar1n1 Etkileyen Faktörler Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Author-Name: Altu Murat KÖKTA^ Author-Name: I_1l ^irin SELÇUK Abstract: To end the chronical problems of the Turkish Health System, in 2003 Health Transformation Programme was established. The aim of the programme is to provide equality to access health care services and including all population into social security system. In addition to this, a co-payment was assessed with the increase in health expenditures. This study investigates catastrophic health expenditures caused by co-payments as a tool of demand side cost containment and focuses on the factors of catastrophic health expenditure. Study uses the data of Household Budget Expenditure Survey by Turkstat within the years of 2003-2011. Those factors were determined by logistic regression. As a main result of the study it is observed that after the 2003 health reform, financial catastrophie was increased. Classification-JEL: I10, I11, I12. Keywords: Health Reform, Out of Pocket Expenditure, Catastrophic Health Expenditure. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197798 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye 0_gücü Piyasas1nda Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi Author-Name: 0brahim TOKATLIOLU Author-Name: Fahriye ÖZTÜRK Author-Name: Hakan Naim ARDOR Abstract: In this study, the effect of hysteresis in the labor market of selected 14 EU member countries and Turkey for 1988-2011 period was analyzed. The present paper captures these effects by a simple extension of the hysteresis approach to the natural rate hypothesis of unemployment using a ratchet model with panel data. Due to the Ratchet model s dynamic structure, Arellano-Bond system GMM was used for estimates. As a result, it was concluded that selected 14 EU member countries and Turkey s labor market has hysteresis. But, in these countries hysteresis effect (or Ratchet effects) is not so strong especially before the Global crises. Classification-JEL: J01, C22, C23. Keywords: Labor Market, Hysteresis Effect, Ratchet Model. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197799 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140214 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ula_t1rma Sektöründe CO2 Emisyonu ve Enerji Ar-Ge Harcamalar1 0li_kisi Author-Name: Nihat I^IK Author-Name: Efe Can KILINÇ Abstract: Harmful gases (such as; carbondioxide, methane and nitrousoxide) which are released as a result of energy activities conducted by primary energy sources lead to emergence of unintended consequences such as global warming and ozone layer depletion and in this sense disruption of the green growth process in terms of countries. Petrol, diesel and gas are used as fuels in the transport sector increases the release of toxic gases. However, in recent years, depending on the development of technological advances and R&D activities, renewable energy sources in the sense of partial provide reduction of the emission of toxic gases such as CO2. In this study, the relationship between R&D expenditures and CO2 emissions in the transport sector, on the basis of selected countries for the period 1990-2010 were analyzed by the models of Dynamic Panel Data. According to results of analysis in the selected countries it was seen that R&D expenditures has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in line with expectations. In addition, there is a long term relationship among R&D expenditures, CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Classification-JEL: Q40, Q50, Q30. Keywords: Energy, CO2 Emissions, R&D Expenditures. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197800 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140215 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kurumsal Yap1 ve 0ktisadi Büyüme 0li_kisi: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Seyfettin ARTAN Author-Name: P1nar HAYALOLU Abstract: In recent years, institutional economic thought, which argues that economic life cannot considered freely from institutions effects, is an important center of interest. With institutional economic thought, as the view that has stepped forward is that some prominent factors which are referred to as the determiners of growth in traditional growth theories, could be described as the factors identified by institutions incentives and the institutional structure has been the main point to focus on growth analysis. As a result, the role of institutions and the institutional structure in the process of economic growth has become one of the most emphasized topics of economists research. In this study, the relationship between institutional structure and economic growth analyzed for Turkey the period of 1972-2009. The results of the study show that political freedom which taken as an indicator of the level of the institutional structure have a positive effect on the long run economic growth but it couldn t be found a relationship between institutional structure and economic growth in the short run. Classification-JEL: B25, C32, O43. Keywords: Institutional Structure, Economic Growth, Co-integration Analysis. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197801 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140216 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Milli Eitim Bakanl11 Bütçe Tahminlerinin Doruluk 0lkesi Aç1s1ndan Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Sibel ÖZCAN Author-Name: Mustafa Umur TOSUN Abstract: Education expenditure has a significant role in the strengthening of the economy. Therefore, this kind of expenditure has great importance for both politicians and bureaucrats as well as society in general. In this study, the accuracy of the expenditure budget estimates which made by MoE for the period 1924-2012 was examined. For the assessment of accuracy we calculate forecast error, Theil s inequality coefficient and test the forecast s rationality. As a result we see that the estimations of initial allowances are under forecasted while the final allowances are over forecasted and final allowance estimates are more accurate than initial allowances. Classification-JEL: E62, H68, H52. Keywords: Forecast Error, Theil s Inequality Coefficient, Rational Expectation. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197802 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140217 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Konut Sektöründe Kapitalizasyon Oranlar1n1 Belirleyen Faktörler: Türkiye 0çin Bir Mikro-Veri Analizi Author-Name: Abuzer PINAR Author-Name: Murat DEM0R Abstract: The capitalization rate is important in demand for houses either for dwelling or for an alternative financial investment. A portfolio holder may buy a house to live in or to maintain the value of his/her financial saving. On the other hand, one may prefer a mortgage loan to buy a house to live in, instead of paying rent. A rationale for such behaviors is the capitalization rate. In this study, we utilize a set of micro-data collected from the various advertising sources open to public, and compute capitalization rates, and then estimate those rates on a set of variables related to house characteristics. Our findings show that the capitalization rates are higher for second hand houses, probably because of higher maintenance expenses. Also the size, the distance to city center, and some other factors seem to significantly affect the capitalization rates. Classification-JEL: C80, R21, R31. Keywords: Capitalization Rate, Demand for Housing, Regression. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197803 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140218 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 2008 Avro Krizine Post-Keynesyen Bir Bak1_ Author-Name: Ferda DÖNMEZ ATBA^I Abstract: This article evaluates the dynamics behind the contagion of 2007 US Subprime crisis to the European Monetary Union from a Post-Keynesian view. In doing that, it focuses on the peculiarities of the union regarding its structural difference from the USA, the fragility of the European financial architecture and the trade pattern. Rather than traditional orthodox arguments of inefficient governance, public extravagance or rigidities in the labor market, it elaborates on the dual character and hegemonic production relations of core and periphery within the union. Emergence of financial privatized Keynesianism, neomercantilism and internal devaluation are its basic focal points. Classification-JEL: E12, F16, G01, G18. Keywords: Euro Crisis, Financialization, Neomercantilism, Privatized Keynesianism, Internal Devaluation. Issue: 22(22) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197804 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140219 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye 0çin Politik 0stikrars1zl1k Endeksleri: 1955 2009 Dönemi Author-Name: Erdinç TELATAR Author-Name: Niyazi CANG0R Abstract: The aim of this study is to measure political instability in Turkey for period 1955 through 2009 based on definitions used in new political economics literature. To accomplish the task, in the first place, data regarding social unrest and political violence are obtained through scanning daily Milliyet archive and using the criteria of  Taking part of the first page of the newspaper . Events within the scope of two indicators are scaled again according to  unit event . In the second stage, political instability indices are obtained by applying principal component method to these and the other indicators. Classification-JEL: A120, Z130. Keywords: Political Instability, Political Instability Index, Principal Component Method, Unit Event. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197771 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Üniversitelerinde Örgüt Kültürlerinin 0ncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Hürcan KABAKCI Abstract: The aim of this research is to study organizational cultures in state universities. Thus, the organizational cultures of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (HU FEAS) and Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science (AU FPS) are studied and a comparative analysis is made. Both qualitative (focus group interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods are used in order to reveal the specific characteristics and strong/weak aspects of these two organizational cultures. The results show that, AU FPS has a stronger organizational culture. Besides, the factors effecting these organizational cultures to be strong/weak are also discussed in the extent of the research. Classification-JEL: M14, L2, I20. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Focus Group Interviews. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197772 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Alacaklar1n1n Korunma Yöntemleri ve Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Hakan AY Author-Name: Tülay BARAN Abstract: As a requirement of social state concept (discipline/approach) an increase in public services leads to an increase in public spending. Public revenues should be increased parallel to the increase in public expenditures. This situation increases the importance of the public claims. In Turkish tax system, public claims are monitored within the framework of the Law No. 6183 on the Procedure for the Collection of Public Claims (receivables). The protection of public claims is also very important as well as the collection of public claims. In this study, the important ones of the protection methods for the collection of public claims are described. Classification-JEL: H70, H71. Keywords: Public Claims, Tax Collection, Protection method of Public Claims. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197773 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Patent Harcamalar1 ve 0ktisadi Büyüme Aras1ndaki 0li_ki: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Cem I^IK Abstract: Patent rights, which form a basis in achieving a new technological development by researching and improving the current technology, make a great contribution to the economy of a country in respect to the application of innovations and inventions to the industry. This study aims at analyzing the importance of patent rights for the economic growth of Turkey and contributing the economic policies that will be established in this direction. In this context, the patent expenses of Turkey between the dates 1990:1-2010:4 and economic growth variables are analyzed by various methods (by Granger cointegration models and scale). The results show a uni-directional relationship between patent expenses and economic growth. Classification-JEL: C22, O3. Keywords: Patent Expenses, Economic Growth, Granger Cointegration. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197774 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Cari Aç11n Belirleyicilerinin Ampirik Analizi Author-Name: Aydanur GACENER ATI^ Author-Name: Fatih SAYGILI Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the current account deficit in Turkey and to analyze the relationship between explanatory variables and the current account deficit. The analyses in this paper, aim to determine possible short and long terms effects of these variables on the current account. Quarterly data of CBT Electronic Data Distribution System is used for the period of 1998:1-2013:1 to estimate the results. Our findings indicate that the most significant determinants of Turkey s current account deficit are the growth rate and the terms of trade. Classification-JEL: F30, F32, C50. Keywords: Current Account Deficit, Cointegration, Vector Error Corection Model, Granger Causality. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197775 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Finansal Kalk1nma ve Gelir E_itsizlii: Türkiye Örnei, 1980 2012 Author-Name: Zafer KANBEROLU Author-Name: Mehmet Akif ARVAS Abstract: This study investigates the impact of financial development on income inequality for the Turkish case, over the period 1980 through 2012. For this purpose, an ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model is employed. According to the findings, while GDP per capita, inflation rate and private sector credits have reducing effects on income inequality; trade variable increases inequality at a low level. For the Turkish case, as for the effect of financial development on income inequality, it is found that a 1% increase in private sector credits, on average, leads to a 0.041% decrease in income inequality for the period under consideration. Therefore it is concluded that private sector credits make a positive contribution to the equity of income distribution in Turkey. Classification-JEL: C32, D31, O16. Keywords: Financial Development, Income Inequality, Turkey. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197776 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Work Family Conflicts of Practitioners of Accountancy: Practice of Diyarbakir Author-Name: Mustafa Z0NC0RKIRAN Author-Name: Hidayet T0FT0K Abstract: The aim of the study is to determine the level of work - family conflict of practitioners of accountancy. The study is carried out on 136 practitioners of accountancy that are operating in Diyarbakir. As the scale of work - family conflicts; Netemeyer, Boles and Mc Murrian (1996) work - family conflicts and family- work conflict scales are used consisting of 10 questions (5 of them are about work - family conflicts and 5 of them are about family - work conflicts). As a result of the study, it was examined that the practitioners of accountancy operating in Diyarbakir have generally conflicts between work - family and family- work in accordance with the answers given to the scale of work - family conflict. However, the average of the answers given to the scale of work - family conflict is as  I am not sure . Therefore, it can be said that there may be a secret conflict owing to the fact that the problems occurred from work may affect family. Classification-JEL: M41, M49, M12. Keywords: Practitioners of Accountancy, Work Family Conflict, Family Work Conflict, Diyarbak1r. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197777 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye 0malat Sanayi Sektörlerinin 0hracat1 - Zaman Serisi Analizi Author-Name: Güzin BAYAR Author-Name: Selman TOKPUNAR Abstract: In this study, Turkey s export by manufacturing industry sectors was analysed. For this purpose, quarterly data between 1998q1-2012q1 for the first 4 highest exporting sectors within ISIC Rev. 3. two digit manufacturing industry sectors was used; namely, basic metal, motor vehicles, textile and clothing sectors. Long term and short term relationships between the variables were investigated using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and vector error correction (VEC) models. Model results show that foreign economic activity is the most important factor affecting exports of all four sectors. Increase in unit labor costs; adversely affect exports of clothing and motor vehicle sectors in the long run. Increases in unit export prices have increasing effect in all sectors except textiles. Real appreciation of Turkish Lira adversely affect only textile sector among the four. Classification-JEL: C22, F14. Keywords: Exports, Time Series, Sectors, VEC, FMOLS. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197778 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Eitim, Sal1k ve Teknoloji Düzeyinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: ARDL S1n1r Test Yakla_1m1 Author-Name: Harun YAKI^IK Author-Name: Ahmet ÇET0N Abstract: In this study, Augmented Solow Model has been estimated for the period of 1980-2012 in Turkey by using ARDL bounds test method. In the Augmented Solow Model, the level of technology was included as an independent variable into the model and proxied by number of patents. Human capital was proxied by two different variables; education and health. Average expectancy of life was used as a health variable and the schooling ratio of secondary and higher education were used as an education variable. With respect to findings, there are significant and positive impacts of patent, average life of expectancy, and secondary schooling ratio on growth while there is no impact of higher education schooling ratio. Classification-JEL: O10, O15, O40. Keywords: Human Capital, Economic Growth. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197779 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kirlilik Emisyonu ve Dorudan Yabanc1 Sermaye Yat1r1mlar1: Türkiye 0çin  Kirlilik S11na1 Hipotezi Testi Author-Name: Ahmet ^AH0NÖZ Author-Name: Zahra FOTOUREHCHI Abstract: In this study, the relationship between foreign direct investment in Turkey and CO2 emissions for the validity of  Pollution Haven Hypothesis between 1974 and 2011 is examined. Moreover, by examining the impact of increase in the scale of economy and structural changes on CO2 emissions,  the Factor Endowment Hypothesis will be tested to verify its validity in this context. Based on the empirical results, increment in the scale of economy and structural changes cause increase in CO2 emission, thus Factor Endowment Hypothesis is verified to be valid. However, it can be seen that structural changes have more effects on CO2 emission compared to that of the increase in the scale of economy. Moreover, the decrease in CO2 emission caused by foreign direct investments gives strong support to the view of the critics of Pollution Haven Hypothesis. The findings that there is a positive relationship between existence of time trend, which is found to be statistically significant, and CO2 emission point out that sophisticated technologies have not been used in manufacturing industries and that the society have not been well informed on environmental issues over time. Classification-JEL: Q53, Q56, F21. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Environment, Pollution Haven, Factor Endowment. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197780 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0_çi Dövizlerinin K1rg1zistan Aç1s1ndan Deerlendirilmesi: Göçmen 0_çiler Ara_t1rmas1 Author-Name: Ya_ar AYYILDIZ Abstract: Almost one third of the citizens of Kyrgyzstan, due to various reasons in the transition period after the independence, somehow have been abroad or are currently abroad. There are many reflections of this increasing number of Kyrgyz labor force s that works abroad. While remittances contribute to poverty reduction, on the other hand the positive effects of the following issues, such as capital accumulation, human capital and entrepreneurship, have emerged. According to the results of this empirical study, that was carried out by us with the Kyrgyz citizens who have been abroad or are currently abroad, these effects have been found to be very significant and large for Kyrgyz Republic. Classification-JEL: F21, F24, E22, J24, L26, O53. Keywords: International Labor Migration, Workers Remittances, Capital Accumulation, Human Capital, Entrepreneurship, the Kyrgyz Republic. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197781 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0potekli Konut Finansman1 Sisteminde Gelir/Servet K1s1t1 ve Sonuçlar1: Yoksulluk, Gecekondu Olgusu ve TOK0 0çin Baz1 Öneriler Author-Name: Yener CO^KUN Author-Name: Kür_at YALÇINER Abstract: However mortgage finance would support housing ownership, the system is mostly dsyfunctional in Turkey. Based on literature and comparative data analysis, we search the components of income/wealth constraint and its consequences in housing finance, as the essential constraint of the development of mortgage system and housing ownership. We first conclude that income/wealth constraint and shanty problems are fundamental socio-economic limits of the development of mortgage finance. Secondly, TOKI system, emerged also because of the above problems, has important risks. We suggest that optimal housing subsidy system may minimize current problems and support further development in mortgage system in Turkey. Classification-JEL: R31, I38, G21. Keywords: Housing Finance, Mortgage, TOKI, Poverty, Shanties. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197782 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye deki Hanehalklar1n1n Haberle_me Talebinin Ampirik Analizi Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Author-Name: I_1l Fulya ORKUNOLU ^AH0N Abstract: Communication is a basic need of human beings. For this reason, in this study, we want to obtain the communication expenditure is necessity or luxury good. So the ultimate goal is to assess the income (expenditure) elasticity and price elasticity of communication and it s budget share, also comparatively estimate the elasticity of demand in different expenditures in Turkey. Thus these elasticities have to give a conceivable picture of changing consumption of communication by the households in Turkey. After all, the article presents empirical analysis of demand of communication and other kind of expenditures in Turkey, for the period 2002-2009. At the research, ELES method was utilized. According to the results of analysis; throughout the Turkey, communication expenditures budget share is nearly 4%, these expenditures income (expenditure) elasticity is less than 1, price elasticity is  1.06%. Hence the demand of communication expenditure is acceptable as solid in the case of Turkey. Classification-JEL: C13, D12, L96. Keywords: Communication Expenditures, Demand Analysis, ELES Method, Turkey. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197783 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Vergi Denetim Sistemi ve Sistemin Aksakl1klar1n1n Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Zuhal ERGEN Author-Name: Leman KILINÇKAYA Abstract: In Countries where the statement basis is valid, auditing taxpayers transactions is a must for the system. Considering their contributions to the public pudget and substantiation of the sovereignty power of the government, tax auditings have major importance. However, the effectiveness of auditing activities depends on many institutional and structural factors. In this manner, citizens and government should bear important duties. In Turkish Tax System, with Decree Law No. 646 some promising but  inadequate in implementation efforts made like transition to automation of the tax administration and raising the awareness of the taxpayer. A strong budget derives from a powerful tax system; the tax system originates from an effective and efficient tax auditing system. This study evaluates disruptions taxpayers faced during the tax auditing process. Classification-JEL: H2. Keywords: Tax Audit System, Taxpayer, Taxpayer Rights. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197784 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140114 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Uncounted Who Wish to Work  Distinct to the Unemployed or Similar? Author-Name: Seçil KAYA BAHÇE Author-Name: Emel MEM0^ Abstract: In this study, we examine whether the job search criterion is appropriate for defining the unemployed in Turkey or an alternative standard such as wish to work should be used instead of the conventional criteria. For this purpose, we explore transition probabilities between different labor states particularly of those who express their will for work although they are not looking for a job. Using the four year rotational panel data from Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC) we test whether they form a distinct group to the officially defined unemployed or not. We re-classify the population out of labor force according to their degree of attachment to labor market as marginally attached and not attached/inactive. Evidence obtained shows that the marginally attached are a distinct group to the unemployed however we ve also found that they are distinct to the not attached group as well. The latter result is stronger for women at prime age. These findings hold for one, two and three-year transitions between different labor force states over the period 2006-2009 in Turkey. Classification-JEL: J01, J64, J82. Keywords: Turkish Labor Market, Flow Approach to Labor Markets, Unemployment, Marginally Attached, Transition Probabilities. Issue: 21(21) Year: 2014 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197785 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:140115 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vak1f Üniversitelerinde Ücretler Author-Name: Tolga YURET Abstract: The period between 2003 and 2011 has been a fortunate time interval for the Turkish economy. During this time there has been a stable economic growth. This has increased the ability of families to pay tuition fee. However, this increase did not affect the tuition fees for foundation universities. The tuition fees followed an inverted U trend and finally ended up below the 2003 levels. In this essay, we study the reasons of why the the tuition has followed this path. The capacity increase, the decrease in the number of students who is eligible for undergraduate education, increase in the wages of state university professors, the location of the universities and the educational type of the faculties are the factors that influence the tuition fees. The inverted U trend that we observe in tuition fees is also observed in the student quality. In 2005, all the faculties could fill up their capacities, however below fifty percent of the faculties could fill up their capacities in 2011. We analyze the connection between the decreasing tuition and the decreasing quality and provide policy suggestions to solve the quality problem. Classification-JEL: I22, I23, L31. Keywords: Tuition Fees, Economics of Higher Education, Economics of Foundations. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197757 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Finansal Tablolar1n UFRS ye Çevrimi Author-Name: Mahmut YARDIMCIOLU Abstract: The purpose of this study, the Uniform Accounting System and the financial statements prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards, is to do analysis. Globalization, financial reports, in accordance with International Accounting Standards, requires preparation. Turkey is also expected to adopt international accounting standards in 2013. Businesses will have to arrange their financial statements according to international accounting standards. Therefore, it is explained that how to TFRS financial statements would be prepared with the help of an exemplary embodiment. According to the opening balance sheet TFRS primarily held in the sample application and the necessary adjustments will be made. Opening balance sheet compared with the current period balance sheet, income statement for the current period in accordance with standards, changes in equity and cash flow statement is prepared. Classification-JEL: H83, M41, Q56 Keywords: TFRS, Opening Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197758 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Kurumlar1nda e-0_e Al1m 0çin 0lk Ad1m: Gazete 0lanlar1ndan e-0lan a Geçi_ Author-Name: Hakan DULKAD0ROLU Author-Name: Mehmet Emin ALTUNDEM0R Abstract: The public institutions workforce needs are growing because the expectations of citizens from public institutions are increasing due to their increasing needs and demands. Public institutions advertise the vacant jobs to notify the personnel needs. The traditional ways of publishing job advertisements have changed with the internet. Today, the internet is used for job postings due to its time and cost effectiveness and accessibility. The countries which have taken big steps on egovernment have started using the internet widely to publish public job advertisements. Instead of using the traditional job advertisement ways in Turkey, a country which gives importance to egovernment, choosing the internet for job advertisement would both increase resource efficiency and service quality and become an important step for e-recruitment. In this article, it is discussed that advertising staff recruitment to the public institutions should be posted to one-stop internet address regarding current legislations, advantages and developed countries practices. Classification-JEL: H70, J20, J45. Keywords: e-Government, e-Recruitment, e-Job Posting, Efficiency and Effectiveness, Accessibility. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197759 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Institutional Rigidities and Their Effects on Labor Demand in Turkey Author-Name: Selçuk GÜL Abstract: This study analyzes the effects of one of the institutional rigidities in Turkish labour market; job security regulations introduced with new labour code legislated in 2003, on the labour demand. By examining the periods before and after the year 2003 with panel data methods, the changes in the responsiveness of labour demand to the changes in labour costs are investigated. In the study in which TURKSTAT Manufacturing Industry Statistics are used, it is found that the responsiveness of labour demand to the changes in labour costs increased after 2003. It is concluded that the labour costs and job security regulations which influence these costs indirectly are effective on the hiring and firing decisions of employers. When a distinctive analysis based on gender is made, it is found that while the results related demand for male workers are similar with the total demand estimates; the demand for female workers does not have a significant response to the changes in labour costs. Estimates in which the openness variable is included show that openness effects labour demand in negative direction. Classification-JEL: J23, K31. Keywords: Job Security Regulations, Labour Demand, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197760 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Döviz Kuru Hareketlerinin 0ç Fiyatlara (0thalat Fiyatlar1, ÜFE ve TÜFE) Geçi_i Author-Name: Sabri AZGÜN Abstract: Recently, there has been a revival of interest in understanding how changes in the exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices. Pass-through process has been explored within the new open economy macro economic framework based on optimizing behavior. In light of the strong correlation between exchange rate movements and domestic prices, it is important to assess the impact of the exchange rate on domestic prices, in particular as Turkey moves to an inflation targeting regime. Aim of this study is to estimate passthrough into domestic prices of exchange rate movements by means of structural VAR model. In this context, as well as transition into domestic prices of exchange rate movements, it has been also investigated the effect of supply and demand shocks on domestic prices. Classification-JEL: E29, E31, F41. Keywords: Exchange Rate, Pass-Through, Supply and Demand Shocks. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197761 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Oil Price Fluctuations and Changing Comparative Advantage Author-Name: Mukhriz Izraf Azman AZIZ Author-Name: Nor Aznin Abu BAKAR Abstract: This paper attempts to quantify the effects of oil price fluctuations on revealed comparative advantage (RCA) for 36 manufacturing commodities of 167 countries over a 16-year period from 1990 to 2005. Using Zellner s (1962) seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) model, the negative effects of oil price fluctuations on RCA vary according to objectives and model specification. Oil price fluctuations negatively affect manufacturing commodities RCA in 1997-2005 more than in 1990-1996 periods. The paper also found that oil price fluctuations negatively affect middle-income economies and net oil-exporting countries RCA more than high-income economies and net oil-importing countries. Classification-JEL: C33, F11, N50. Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage, Oil Price Shocks, International Trade. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197762 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluation of the Adequacy of the Trade Theories' Assumptions to Explain the Impact of NICs/Regions on International Trade Author-Name: Levent VURGUN Author-Name: Furkan MET0N Abstract: International trade patterns and importance of trade regions changes in the course of time according to changing needs of humankind and entrepreneurial interest in increasing return hence looking for ways to accomplish it. Several numbers of trade theories have been developed to date to explain international trade. In this paper, classical trade theories, modern trade theory, new trade theory and a number of other contemporary approaches will be evaluated in terms of their validity and ability to explain international trade, particularly the impact of NICs on international trade. Classification-JEL: F40, N70, O57. Keywords: Trade Theories, NICs, International Trade, Regional Trade. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197763 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: F.A. Hayek and Ordoliberalism: A Comparative Study Author-Name: Nazmi Tolga TUNCER Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of two lines of thought in political economy which can be related to the German city of Freiburg. The Freiburg School which is also known as Ordoliberalism, constituted one of the foundations of the economic order in postwar West Germany. On the other hand, Nobel Prize holder Austrian economist Friedrich August von Hayek, who spent a considerable part of his life in Freiburg, in University of Freiburg, strongly inspired the neo-liberal policies in the western world in the 80 s. In this work, we analyse the main differences and similarities of these two liberal lines of economic thought. Classification-JEL: B15, F55, F59, O1, O19, N93. Keywords: Freiburg School, Hayek, Ordoliberalism, Constitutional Economics, Walter Eucken. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197764 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mülkiyet Haklar1 ile Ekonomik Büyüme Aras1ndaki 0li_ki: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir 0nceleme Author-Name: Ahmet Y1lmaz ATA Author-Name: Ahmet ^AHBAZ Abstract: In recent years, the concepts of institution and institutional structure have become one of the most popular analyzing areas in the economic theory. Especially, in new growth theory, these concepts have focused on the economic growth. Property rights are considered one of the most important aspects of the institutional structure and are regarded as an important indicator of economic growth in the process. In this study, in the 27 European Union member countries, the impact on economic growth of property rights has analized by using cross-sectional method. According to the findings of the study, it has determined that property rights have positive effects on economic growth. Classification-JEL: O11, K11, I23, E11, E02. Keywords: Economic Growth, Institutional Structure, Property Rights. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197765 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ödemeler Bilançosu A_amalar1 Hipotezi: Parametrik Olmayan Bir Yakla_1m Author-Name: Serkan ERKAM Author-Name: Mustafa Umur TOSUN Abstract: This study investigates a rather old hypothesis of balance of payments. According to this theory which is named as stages hypothesis, a country s balance of payments of follow a regular path in the long run. The main fact determines the regularity of this path is the level of development. Previous empirical work confirm the linear connection between balance of payments stages and economics development to a certain extent. As a further attempt, we test the validity of balance of payments stages hypothesis by reusing a non-parametric randomness test for Turkey. Classification-JEL: C14, F32, F41. Keywords: Balance of Payments, GDP Per Capita, Creditor Countries, Debtor Countries, Non-Parametric Randomness Tests. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197766 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Elektronik Haberle_me Sektöründe Rekabeti Bozucu Fiyat Uygulamalar1: Y1k1c1 Fiyatland1rma ve Düzenleyici Yakla_1mlar Author-Name: Yasin ALTUNSARAY Author-Name: Orhan ÜNAL Abstract: Predatory price can be defined as the abuse of dominant position through low price practices in which the enterprise that has the dominant position in the market aims to eliminate its competitors from the marketplace or prevents its potential competitors from entering the market. In cases where predatory pricing is in question, it becomes critical how to decide whether predatory pricing exists or not. As a matter of fact one of the aims of sectoral competition regulation is to reduce market prices via encouraging operators for competition. However, sometimes low prices may also distort competition. Within this framework, it is necessary to analyze when and under which conditions competitive low pricing practices can be evaluated as predatory pricing. In this study, predatory pricing is dealt with regard to theoretical framework and tests to determine it. Classification-JEL: M10, M20, M31, M38. Keywords: Predatory Pricing, Dominant Position, Ex-ante, Ex-post. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197767 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Endeks Kapsam1nda Olman1n Hisse Senedi Getirilerine Etkisi: BIST Temettü 25 Endeksi Üzerine Bir Uygulama Author-Name: 0smail MAZG0T Abstract: The stock price indices are an important indicator for investors. Being in the scope of index means that the stock has the same qualifications determined for the index. These indices make it easier to choose among stocks for the stock investors. BIST Dividend 25 Index which has been calculated since July 1st, 2011, is comprised of the equities with both high dividend efficiency and liquidity. The purpose of this study is searching the effects of being in the scope of BIST Dividend 25 Index on stock price performance by using case study method. Consequently it can be observed if investors in Turkey pay adequate attention to dividends during investment decisions. Classification-JEL: G11, G14. Keywords: BIST Dividend 25 Index, Event Study, Performance of Stock Price, Abnormal Return. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197768 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130212 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Avrupa Birlii Üyesi Ülkelerde ve Türkiye de Katma Deer Vergisi: Yak1nsama Gerçekle_iyor Mu? Author-Name: Hülya KABAKÇI KARADEN0Z Abstract: The European Union tries to occur convergence in the member states Value Added Tax (VAT) system in order to prevent unfair competition and reduce VAT evasion. In this study we aim to determine whether VAT systems of EU and Turkey have converged or not. We calculated standard deviations and coefficient variations and arithmetic average of some data such as reduced and standard VAT rates, VAT share as per cent in the total tax revenues and GDP and VAT rates for some goods and services both EU and Turkey in the period of 2000 and 2013. There have been convergence for standard VAT rates, but convergence did not occur for super reduced rates, reduced rates, and VAT share as per cent both in total tax revenues (1999-2011) and in GDP (2000-2011). EU member states and Turkey have implemented different VAT reduced rates and exemptions for different good and services. In this reason convergence has not occurred among the countries. There is no convergence in the VAT rates for medicine, food, book but it occurs in some goods such as gasoline, diesel, LPG and tobacco in 2013. Member States have different poverty and income inequalities ratios. Therefore, they extend VAT exemptions, determine super reduced rates and reduced rates below EU standard VAT rates. The perfect harmonization of VAT systems or same VAT ratio implementation for all good and services seems to be difficult at least in short terms because of the different socio-economic structures of Member States and Turkey. Classification-JEL: H20, H23. Keywords: Value Added Tax, Convergence, European Union, Tax Harmonization. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197769 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130213 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Kredi Kartlar1 Piyasas1na Yönelik Kamu Müdahaleleri Author-Name: Ahmet Burçin YEREL0 Author-Name: Ali Fuat KOÇ Abstract: The rapid growth in the use of credit cards in Turkey has brought about some problems and concerns as it is in the world. In this study, it is pointed out that these market failures and problems may justify government interventions. Assessments made within the scope of this study indicate that the existing sectoral regulations neglect not only the two sided nature of this market but also the aspect of the credit cards as a payment instrument. On the other hand, the impact of intervention of Turkish Competition Authority in multilateral interchange fees was examined, but no clear evidence about the effect of this intervention on the growth rates of credit card variables in the market could be found. Classification-JEL: K12, K21, K22, K23. Keywords: Two Sided Markets, Credit Cards Market, Goverment Interventions and Regulations, Competition Policy, Market Failures, Multilateral Interchange Fees. Issue: 20(20) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197770 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130214 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An Analysis of Academic Performance: Could Family Income and Medium of Instruction Be Determinants? Author-Name: Seyit Mümin C0LASUN Abstract: Analyses of the determinants of college grades have a long history and an extensive literature. However, there are not enough studies in this area for developing countries. In this paper, we tried to investigate the factors that could affect the Cumulative Grade points Average (CGPA) of first-year management students at Atilim University, particularly the family income and the medium language of instruction. We gave surveys to first year students and asked questions regarding educational attainment of the family, income, gender, age, university entrance score, high school average grade and the department of the student (whether they are in Management in English department or Management in Turkish department). Using data regarding the information obtained from the surveys, we have estimated our linearly formed model. According to the results, while family income has a negative effect on CGPA, university entrance score positively affects the CGPA. On the other hand, education language is not found as a determinant of academic performance. Classification-JEL: C34, I21, I23. Keywords: Academic Performance, Family Income, Developing Country, Medium of Instruction, Tobit Regression. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197739 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ekonominin D1_ Ticarete Aç1kl1k Derecesi ve Üretim/Enflasyon Ödünleme 0li_kisi Author-Name: Ay_en ARAÇ Abstract: It is quite important to determine the effects of the degree of openness to trade on average inflation and the slope of the Phillips curve, which measures the tradeoff between output gap and inflation, in macroeconomic policy analysis. In the related literature, it is claimed that the Phillips curve is likely to be steeper in relatively open economies, which weakens the policy authority s incentive to increase output rate by creating an unexpected inflation. However, some empirical studies show that the slope of the Phillips curve will be relatively flatter as the degree of openness increases. As a result of conflicting results in empirical studies, the issue of determining the effect of the degree of openness on the slope of the Phillips curve turned into a puzzle. The aim of this paper is twofold: first to examine the effects of openness on the slope of Phillips curve, and second to show the impact of monetary policy credibility on these effects. Classification-JEL: E31, F41, E52, E58. Keywords: Phillips Curve, Openness to Trade, Monetary Policy, Credibility. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197740 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ekonomik Gerçeklik Olgusu: Yeni Kavramsal Yakla_1m Author-Name: Evez BAYRAMOV Abstract: In paper, author tried to comment a new methodological interpretation of economic reality based on an essence explanation of relationship and interaction between theory and practice. Used methodology has eclectic property and methodological consept based on synthesis of crossed points of plane of post-postivism and post-structuralism. It is suggested a new conseptual interpretation by systematic research of an abstract contents of neoclassical  reality , deficiency complex of critical realism, ontological property of the problem, different conseptual mistakes and  estimating problems of economic event and processes from point of view  reality . Limitations of the research are related to  natural limitations in adequate description of the problem and lack of adequate metodological approach. In paper, the author suggestes useful conceptual approach for adequate description and identification of economic reality. Classification-JEL: A1, B1, B4, C0. Keywords: Reality, Indentification, Measurement, Opposite Thought, Rationality, Description. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197741 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Publication Performance and Student Quality of Turkish Economics Departments Author-Name: Mustafa Kadir DOAN Author-Name: Tolga YURET Abstract: We have two objectives in this paper. First, we rank the economics departments in Turkey according to the publication records of their faculty members. Second, we explore the determinants of the student quality in the undergraduate economics programs. There are 96 economics departments which offer 212 economics programs in Turkey. We find that the programs which attract academically strong students are offered in the departments with good publication records. We also show that credit constraints are very effective in students decisions. In both private and state colleges, the students are highly sensitive to differences in tuition fees. Classification-JEL: A11, A22. Keywords: Economics Departments, Student Quality, Publication Record, Tuition Fee. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197742 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yerel Yönetimlerin Finansman Sorunlar1n1n Çözümünde Motorlu Ta_1tlar Vergisi Önerisi Author-Name: Ahmet ULUSOY Author-Name: Tekin AKDEM0R Abstract: The last 30 years in the field of financial management reforms, the overall functioning of public administration in a restructuring context are discussed in many developing countries. In this reorganization, arrangements to strengthen the financial structure of local governments have been limited and these authorities experienced imbalance of income and expenditure. During this period, because of the increasing demand for local services, the growing financial need of local government has not been met. Aim of this study is analyzing fiscal importance of taxes on motor vehicles and evaluating the rationality of assignment of local governments. Classification-JEL: H70, H71, H77. Keywords: Local Taxation, Motor Vehicles Tax, Local Motor Vehicle Tax, Financing Of Local Governments. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197743 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: OPEC Ülkelerinde Hollanda Hastal11: Petrol Fiyatlar1 ve Ekonomik Büyüme 0li_kisinin Ekonometrik Bir Analizi Author-Name: Fatih YARDIMCIOLU Author-Name: Ahmet GÜLMEZ Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between Oil Prices and Economic Growth in the 10 OPEC countries over the period from 1970 to 2011 by utilizing the Pedroni, Kao, Johansen Fisher panel cointegration and Canning-Pedroni causality methods if the Dutch Disease valid for OPEC countries. The cointegration test results show that there is a cointegration relationship between Oil Prices and Economic Growth in the long run. The results of Lamda-Pearson statistics indicate the long-run bilateral causality between Oil Prices and Economic Growth. It is concluded that there is a strong cointegration relationship between Oil Prices and Economic Growth and the results confirm the existence of the risk of the Dutch Disease for OPEC countries. Classification-JEL: O10, O11, O13. Keywords: The Dutch Disease, Oil Prices, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis, OPEC. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197744 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Biçimsel Olmayan Mentorluk Yoluyla Öz-Etkinliin Art1r1lmas1 Author-Name: Nurettin 0BRAH0MOLU Abstract: It is very likely to come across a number of studies suggesting that mentoring has a positive effect on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and socialization, and communication, information sharing and learning. This research particularly focuses on whether employee self efficacy as a personality trait could be promoted by means of mentoring. With the participation of 110 employees working in a technopolis in Ankara, the study revealed that there was a relationship between two mentoring sub-dimensions (career and psychosocial) and self-efficacy sub-dimensions: soldier on, constant effortinsist beliefs. Classification-JEL: M12. Keywords: Mentoring, Self-efficacy. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197745 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kariyer Tercihi Probleminin Yap1sal bir Modeli ve Riske Kar_1 Tutumlar: Olas1l1kl1 DEMATEL Yöntemi Temelli Bütünle_ik bir Yakla_1m Author-Name: Yetkin ÇINAR Abstract: In this paper, via a multi-criteria hybrid approach based on stochastic DEMATEL and simple weighting methods, the career preference problem has been modelled and the outcomes of the model are associated with individuals' attitudes towards risk. Firstly, for five different domains, subjects attitudes towards risk are measured. For the criteria derived from these fields, the structural relationships between criteria are constructed and composite importance degrees of the factors involving these relations are determined. Then, the outputs of this model are used to analyze the preferences on three basic career options. The results are evaluated in terms of links between revealed preferences, risk attitudes, gender differences and being student or graduated. Classification-JEL: C44, D81. Keywords: Structural Modelling, Stochastic DEMATEL, AHP, Career Preference, Attitudes Towards Risk. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197746 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Linkage between Knowledge Intensive Innovation and Export in SMEs: An empirical study based on Turkish manufacturing SMEs Author-Name: Furkan MET0N Author-Name: Levent VURGUN Abstract: The increasing role of SMEs in Turkish export with the share of 60 per cent has deepened the need to better understand which factors and to what extend affect export propensity of SMEs. In this paper, the focus will be on the relationship between exportation and innovation, particularly knowledge-based innovation, as a significant driving factor. The data were retrieved from KOSGEB and the result of the analysis demonstrated a significant relationship. However, the effect of innovation on export in SMEs began decreasing noticeably after the firm reaches a certain level in R&D intensity, which was also observed. Classification-JEL: M10, M16, Q31. Keywords: Knowledge-based Innovation, Manufacturing SMEs, Export, R&D, Innovation, Turkey. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197747 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tek Ebeveynli Aileler: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri Author-Name: Ayfer AYDINER BOYLU Author-Name: Hülya ÖZTOP Abstract: Single parent families are the families which mother or father is lone as a parent and responsible for child care. The most common single parent families are the families arising from divorce, death and self choice. The problems of single parent families are complex and multi-faceted. These problems include economic difficulty, social life, parenting, child care, household activities and use of time. It can be recommended that employment policies should be made for single parents, works should be carried out for tax reduction in several areas, and single parent families should be educated on coping with possible difficulties by non-formal education and mass media with the aim of increasing quality of life of single parents and solving their problems. Classification-JEL: J12. Keywords: Single Parent Families, Single Parents, Divorced Mothers. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197748 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Toplant1 Yönetimi: Kamu Yönetiminde Karar Alman1n Dayan1lmaz Hafiflii Author-Name: Mustafa Kemal ÖKTEM Author-Name: Ali Murat ÖZDEM0R Abstract: This article evaluates the dynamics of meeting management from the perspective of the New Public Management. One of the basic principles of the New Public Management is innovativeness, a principle which refers to the process of constant progressive changes in public organizations. Organizational meetings are the most convenient realms in which the organizational problems and innovative solutions are discussed. The article analyses the problems and potentials of meeting management under the light of the principle of innovativeness in public administration. Then the article focuses on possible solutions for efficient use of the meeting techniques in the decision making processes in public organizations. Classification-JEL: M10, L20, M54, M12, L32, O32. Keywords: Meeting Management, New Public Management, Innovativeness, Conflict Resolution, Transparency. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197749 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Sübjektif Yoksulluk Profili: 2003 2008 Author-Name: Alparslan A. BA^ARAN Author-Name: Murat ÇET0NKAYA Abstract: This paper investigates the subjective poverty profile in Turkey between the years 2003 and 2008, using the method called  Minimum Income Question . It utilizes the Household Budget Survey conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute and the other variables representing the household sizes and rural-urban area. The results are compared with the officially disseminated figures. Weighted regression results, subjective poverty trash holds and poverty ratios are obtained based on the sample survey. It is observed that subjective poverty ratios are higher than those of the official figures when the household sizes and the variables of rural-urban area are considered. Classification-JEL: I32, I38, D12. Keywords: Poverty, Minimum Income Question, Household, Turkey. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197750 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Otel Sektöründe Yenileme Yat1r1mlar1n1n Finansman1: Marmaris te Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Önder MET Author-Name: 0smail Mert ÖZDEM0R Author-Name: Bar1_ ERDEM Abstract: Especially in the 1980 s and 1990 s, Turkey has made a great hospitality investment progress in order to meet the increasing tourism demand. Renovation of the hospitality businesses, which have worn-out through time, is vitally important for maintaining quality standards and competitive strengths. Achieving this depends on obtaining funding sources under appropriate conditions. The aim of this research is, identifying the funding sources used in investments and financing problems of the hospitality businesses operating in Turkey during the period of operation. This study was designed as a qualitative research. In this context It is conducted in-depth interviews through structured questions with managers of large-scale lodging businesses in Marmaris. According to findings of the research, during the period of operation, large-scale lodging businesses have been using following sources; mid-term bank loans, short-term bank loans, leasing, auto (internal) financing, respectively to finance their investments. In general, businesses do not assess the financing conditions as negative. The primary drawback is high costs of funding sources. Classification-JEL: G32. Keywords: Lodging Properties, Renewal Investments, Financing Sources, Financing Conditions. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197751 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Bankac1l1k Sektöründe Etkinlik Analizi Author-Name: Hakan BEKTA^ Abstract: The banking sector has been criticized as of emerged financial crisis, beginning in the U.S. mortgage market, affecting global economic activity adversely. The aim of this study is to examine efficiency of commercial banks operated in the Turkish banking sector between years of 2007 2011. In accordance with this aim, data envelopment analysis (DEA), a nonparametric technique applied in efficiency analysis, based on a large number of inputs and output, of similar decision units was used. The result of the analysis both reflects general outlook of the sector and reveals that private and foreign-funded commercial banks, estimated as efficient as a result of Mann-Whitney U test, originated from the same scatter. Classification-JEL: G21, C14, C61. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Banking, Efficiency Analysis. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197752 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130114 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bankac1l1k Sektöründe Mü_teri Deerinin Marka Alg1lar1 ve Mü_teri Sadakati Çerçevesinde 0ncelenmesi Author-Name: Leyla ÖZER Author-Name: Bahar Gözde BURUL Author-Name: Beyza GÜLTEK0N Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand perceptions, service quality and cost on customer value. In addition to this purpose the effect of customer value on customer loyalty was investigated. Throughout the survey method, 354 questionnaires were collected. Based on the analysis conducted the positive influence of brand perceptions and service quality and negative influence of cost were found. Moreover, brand image, company image, employee trust, and company trust affected customer value positively. It was also found that customer value had a positive impact on the customer loyalty. Classification-JEL: M10, M19, M30, M31. Keywords: Customer Value, Customer Loyalty, Brand Perceptions, Service Quality, Cost. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197753 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130115 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vergi Alg1s1 ve Vergi Bilinci Üzerine Bir Ara_t1rma: 0ktisadi ve 0dari Bilimler Fakültesi Örencilerinde Vergi Alg1s1 ve Bilinci Author-Name: Metin SALAM Abstract: It is important that individuals reveal their tax rules and tax obligations voluntarily. It is named as tax compliance. Tax compliance of individuals depends on their tax perception and tax consciousness. This study aims to measure tax perception and tax consciousness. Also the study investigates tax perception and tax consciousness of Hitit University Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences students. The data set of the study obtained from the survey applied to 330 students. In empirical application first descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentage of answers are presented and interpreted. Then Mann Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis test are used to test the hypothesis. Classification-JEL: H20, H26, C12. Keywords: Tax Perception, Tax Consciousness, Tax Compliance, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197754 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130116 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Budget Deficits and Democracy: The Case of Turkey Author-Name: Hakan HOTUNLUOLU Author-Name: Recep TEKEL0 Abstract: There is a vast body of literature on the political economy of budget deficits. These studies used different models to explain the political motivations behind budget deficits. There are some studies to explain the budget deficit in developed countries and assume that budget deficit is an expected outcome of fiscal policy in democratic countries. However, the studies have come to conclusion before analyzing whether the democracy affects budget deficit or not. To our knowledge there have not been many studies to explain whether the level of a country s democracy affects budget deficits or not. In this paper, we will show a country s level of democracy has a positive effect on budget deficit using a single country: Turkey. Classification-JEL: D72, H61, H63. Keywords: Budget Deficits, Democracy, Political Budget Deficit. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197755 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130117 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title:  0_ Etii nin Akademik Örüntüsü Nas1l Geli_iyor? Türkiye deki Akademik Çal1_malar Üzerine Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Erdal AKDEVE Author-Name: Mehmet Ali KÖSEOLU Abstract: This study investigates how academic studies in the field of business ethics in Turkey have a pattern. In this respect, master theses and doctoral dissertations prepared at universities in Turkey are assessed using bibliometric method. In the light of the data obtained, results found out are following : i) theses and dissertations distributions by years have decreased in recent years, especially last two years. ii) Marmara University and Dumlup1nar University made significant contributions in ranking of universities supporting to prepare theses and dissertations. iii) None of the names gained master degree in the field of business ethics was found in the names prepared doctoral dissertation. iv) While a few theses were produced via method named  theoretic work , the rest of the thesis was conducted by using  research methodology with quantitative techniques. v) Service industry was generally preferred as a sample to gather data. vi) Studies mainly discussed what business ethics meant and accordingly focus on the topics of social responsibility and organizational citizenship included by business ethics; however there was less discussion of relationships between business ethics and other disciplines of management. Finally, Suggestions for future research are proposed by interpreting these findings. Classification-JEL: M14. Keywords: Business Ethics, Ethic Codes, Bibliyometric, Theses. Issue: 19(19) Year: 2013 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197756 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:130118 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Expectation of Privacy in Cyberspace: The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution and an Evaluation of the Turkish Case Author-Name: 0lker PEKGÖZLÜ Author-Name: Mustafa Kemal ÖKTEM Abstract: Privacy in cyberspace is becoming a dispute issue for the criminal justice system. Initially, we should determine what kind of cyberspace we desire, and then, we can choose a legal platform to get this online environment. Because policing in cyberspace is an inevitable need, the question of what extent the law can protect individuals expectation of privacy in cyberspace has become an important problem. This study initially explains the legal descriptions of privacy, expectation of privacy, and cyberspace. Then, it discusses the expectation of privacy in cyberspace based on the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. It also presents the current state of the privacy of private life and the privacy of communication in the Turkish judicial system. Classification-JEL: M15, K11, K23, K42. Keywords: e-Privacy, e-Government, Turkish Public Administration. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197730 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Finansal Liberalle_me Sonras1 Türkiye nin D1_ Borç Dinamiindeki Dei_meler: Bir Literatür Ara_t1rmas1 Author-Name: Abdullah TAKIM Abstract: Foreign dept problem is one of the predecessor problems in Turkey. Foreign debts increased constantly along with financial liberalization and it was started to argue about its sustainability. While public sector s rate decreases in foreign debt with external financial liberalization, increasing in the private sectors debts become effective on increasing in foreign debt stock. Height of foreign debt makes economy more sensitive and renders sustainable debts to unsustainable. . In this study, after the external financial liberalization, development process and results of external debts in Turkey has being researched. As a result of study, it is emerged, after the external financial liberalization; the claim that external debts of Turkey regularly increased is right but due to GDP increasing External Debt/ GDP which is the indicator of solvency hasn t increased. Classification-JEL: H63, F34. Keywords: Financial Liberalization, External Debt, Capital Movements, Turkey. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197731 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de e-Devlet: 0l Düzeyinde Bir Analiz Author-Name: Uysal KERMAN Author-Name: Yakup ALTAN Author-Name: Mehmet AKTEL Author-Name: Ouzhan ÖZALTIN Abstract: In this study, functionality of governorate, municipality and special provincial administration web sites are analyzed in terms of e-government practices. Within this framework, fulfillment percentage of  main criteria expressed with the  attractiveness, navigation, services for citizens, transparency, services for tourists, plans and projects, information about administrators, bond between local entrepreneurship and NGO, passive S2C, passive C2S, active S2C, active C2S, tasks and responsibilities titles and correspondingly  sub-criteria by web sites are calculated. Emerging findings show that web sites are sufficient in terms of providing information, however, they also indicate that the goals of public services which are to run the services simple, fast, with low cost, without interruption and to maintain it safely in an electronic environment, which are also one of the purposes of e-government, could not entirely achieved by web sites. Classification-JEL: O30, H70. Keywords: Public Administration, e-Government, Turkey, Municipality, Governorate, Special Provincial Administration. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197732 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kay1t D1_1 Ekonomi ve 0_sizlik 0li_kisi: Türkiye Örnei (2000/1  2011/2) Author-Name: Taha Bahad1r SARAÇ Abstract: In this study, the relationship between the shadow economy and types of unemployment in different education levels was analyzed. The quarterly data which cover the period of 2000/1  2011/2 was used and the analysis was performed by Structural VAR approach. According to the results of the study showed that there is bi-directional granger causality from unemployed people who graduated high school and vocational high school to shadow economy and on the contrary there is bi-directional granger causality from shadow economy to unemployed people who are not literate. Classification-JEL: E26, J64, C22. Keywords: Shadow Economy, Unemployment, Structural VAR, Granger Causality. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197733 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Geçici Vergi Uygulamas1n1n Kar_1la_t1rmal1 Deerlendirmesi Author-Name: Semih ÖZ Abstract: The length of time between occurrence of taxable event and taxation of this activity has an impact on the amount of revenues in real terms. The importance of this effect is caused by erosion of state revenues, as defined Tanzi effect, increases during high-inflation times. This situation requires states to take measures to prevent erosion of tax revenues. In addition while some source of income is subject to withholding tax and some other source of income is subject to tax after a long period of occurrence of event may be queried in terms of the principles of equality and justice. In this study, taxation methods of some source of income during taxation period named as advance tax, internal withholding or temporarily tax in Turkey since the early 1980s are examined historical perspective and in comparison with other countries. Classification-JEL: H21, H24, H25, K34. Keywords: Advance Payment Tax, Personal Income Tax, Corporate Income Tax, International Taxation. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197734 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplar1n1n Vergi Cezalar1na 0li_kin Görü_lerine Yönelik Bir Alan Çal1_mas1 Author-Name: Mahmut YARDIMCIOLU Author-Name: Özlem ÖZER Abstract: This study is, generally, focused on tax crimes and penalties. Of professional accountants and tax cases, has a very close causal link. Subject of this study, persons belonging to the profession of accounting, taxation and prevention of tax bills opinions and viewpoints event. Of Certified Public Accountants, have been made to examine for the prevention of tax avoidance and evasion and certified public accountants, as auditors and independent role in the prevention of tax crimes are investigated. Classification-JEL: H26, K34, M42. Keywords: Tax Crimes, Tax penalties, Certified Public Accounting Profession. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197735 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Hollanda Hastal11: Geli_mekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Uygulama Author-Name: Ay_e ARI Author-Name: Burcu ÖZCAN Abstract: Workers remittances are one of the important financial sources for developing countries. They attract attention by many scholars due to their expansive volumes. They are getting more important since it is especially accepted that these inflows cause Dutch disease in the literature. This study aims to examine whether workers remittances bring about Dutch Disease problem, or not. In the applied part, fixed effects and instrumental variable estimation methods from panel data models are used. The results confirm the existence of Dutch disease for this country sample. Classification-JEL: F24, F31, O24. Keywords: Workers Remittances, Dutch Disease, Real Exchange Rate, Fixed Effects Estimation, Instrumental Variable Method. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197736 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Finansal Piyasalarda Kurumsal Regülâsyon Author-Name: Abdüllatif ^ENER Abstract: There is a strong correlation between the level of development in the financal system of a country and its growth rate. Therefore, countries whose financial systems are composed of a combination of both developed capital markets and banking sectors possess a great advantage in terms of the economic growth of a country. Financial products are considered public goods and the need for financial stability has highlighted the importance of regulations. The economic crises have shown the need for financial markets to have protection mechanisms in place when faced with a particular threat in the market. Moreover, this has increased the need for regulation. According to the corporate economic approach, where the state has a restricted intervention role in the economy, the basic condition for economic life to increase above freedom of enterprise is that a sound legal and economic underlying infrastructure of the markets is in place which provides the protection of property rights and the efficient functioning of the economy. Classification-JEL: F42, G18, K23. Keywords: Financial Markets, Capital Markets, Money Markets, Corporate Regulation. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197737 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kay1t D1_1 Ekonomi Kavram1na Ortak Yakla_1m Sorunu: Makroiktisat Kapsaml1 Kavramsal Analiz Author-Name: El_en BAIRZADE Abstract: Purpose of the paper is to form common approach to term and conception of hidden economy with revealing general sides of existing different approaches in the literature. For this purpose, it has been used different methods of the theoretical analysis. Also, the methodology of system of national accounts has been accepted as basic method in forming of common approach connected with hidden economy. Our researches showed that the widest spread approach as result of the scientific searches connected with giving of common definition of hidden economy is macroeconomic approach which formed in frame of System of National Accounts. Revealing of general tendencies of usage of terms connected with hidden economy, determining of causes of diversities of approach to conception of hidden economy, designation of definite structure of hidden economy according to the macroeconomic approach, explaining of relations between hidden economy and public sector, social economy, external economies, tax evasion, corruption, bribe, dirty money, money laundering, informal employment are original aspects of the paper. Classification-JEL: E26, H26, E01, E0, E6. Keywords: Hidden Economy, Tax Evasion, System of National Accounts, Macroeconomics, Economic Policy. Issue: 18(18) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197738 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Finansal Sisteme ve Reel Kesime Yönelik Düzenleme Politikalar1: Uygulama Nedenleri, Yöntemleri, Maliyetleri ve Avrupa Birlii ile Türkiye Üzerine Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Cüneyt DUMRUL Author-Name: Yalç1n PAMUK Abstract: Regulation policies have been implemented both financial market and real sector in the economy. Financial regulation policies have been important issues after the crises of the 1980s and 1990s. On the other hand, regulation policies for the real sector are important for the prevention of market failures. In this context, this paper investigates regulation policies which applied in Turkey and European Union. This paper aims to compare regulation policies between Turkey and European Union. The main conclusion of this paper is that regulation policies must be applied during the process of adaptation to the European Union in the Turkish economy. Classification-JEL: F42, G18, K21. Keywords: Regulation Policies, Turkish Economy, European Union. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197716 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: e-Kat1l1m Kavram1 ve Süreci: Kamu Siyasa Olu_um Sürecine Vatanda_ Katk1s1n1n Olabilirlii Author-Name: Naci KARKIN Abstract: This article has a purpose to discuss the theoretical side of e-participation, a newly emergent issue in the e-government literature. What is extremely common in those papers and articles in the regarding literature is the supply side dimension of ways and practices by which the public services are introduced via electronic means. However, the demand side of the so-called process which is the level of acceptance or usage of the e-government services is somehow disregarded in the regarding literature. As a matter of fact, the discussion of reverse  e means and ways through which citizens involve in the decisions and performance made by the administration should be fairly intriguing at theoretical bases. Hereby, this text discusses the feasibility of citizen engagement in public policy formation is reachable with the help of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) over the e-participation concept. Classification-JEL: O33, M15, L78, H83, D72. Keywords: Public Policy Formation, Engagement, e-Participation, Decision-Making. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197717 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Telekomünikasyon Altyap1s1n1n Ekonomik Geli_mi_lie Etkisi: Corafi A1rl1kl1 Regresyon Yöntemi Author-Name: Fatma ZEREN Author-Name: Asuman KOÇ YURTKUR Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the level of economic development and telecommunication infrastructure for the year of 2000 and (level of) NUTS 3 region. For this purpose, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) which considers the regional differentials is used. The results of the empirical studies showed that infrastructure affects the economic development both for the general and local level positively. It s seen that infrastructure affected the economic development mostly the provinces which lie from east to middle and from west to middle regions of Turkey. The least effect is seen at the provinces that lie from middle to North and South regions of Turkey. Classification-JEL: C21, H54, L96, R12, R11. Keywords: Geographically Weighted Regression, Telecommunication Infrastructure, Economic Productivity. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197718 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Scope of e-Government in the European Union and Potential Applications to the Water Framework Directive Author-Name: George N. ZAIMES Author-Name: Kallopi KALAMPOUKA Author-Name: Dimitris EMMANOULOUDIS Abstract: Governments are trying new systems to engage citizens and improve their trust. Electronic government (e-government) can reform public administrations by changing their organization, enhancing citizen services and information accessibility and reducing costs. The European Union because of its large population and cultural and linguistic diversity has recognized e-government utility with the eEurope 2005 Action Plan. The Internal Market Information is an e-government example. A sector of the European Union that could benefit from e-government is the environment (e.g. water resources). Applications to the Water Framework Directive are described that could help Member States meet the deadlines of the Directive. Classification-JEL: Q25, Q58. Keywords: e-Government, European Union, Internal Market Information, INSPIRE Directive, Water Resources, Water Framework Directive. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197719 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplar1na Yönelik Bir Çal1_ma: Meslek Mensuplar1n1n Demografik Durumlar1, Mesleki Sorunlar1 ve Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Özgür B0YAN Abstract: Accountants (SM) and Certified Public Accountants-CPA (SMMM) are one of the most important occupation s groups on accounting and taxation for taxpayers. They have really serious responsibility against the tax administration. These groups also have important role between public finance authorizes and taxpayers. For this reason, it s very important to these groups necessaries for their problems. In this study, the poll results answered by 2.740 Accountants (SM) and Certified Public Accountants-CPA (SMMM) are analyzed about occupational problems. Classification-JEL: K34, H39, M41. Keywords: Accountants, Certified Public Accountants, CPA. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197720 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0ran da e-Devlet Author-Name: Kheyrollah SARBOLAND Abstract: This study evaluates the practice of e-government in Iran within the context of public administration reform and new public management practices. The findings show that, on the one hand, e-government applications in Iran positively affected some variables of public administration reform. It is also that e-government applications have no significant effect on some other variables of public administration reform. There are several problems in the areas of technical infrastructure, information security, access to government information and services, legal infrastructure, and finance, that limit the positive effect of e-government applications on public administration reform. Classification-JEL: O3, O38. Keywords: Iran, e-Government, Public Administration, Reform, Government Organizations, New Public Management. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197721 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Erkeklerin Evde Enerji ve Su Tasarrufu Konusundaki Al1_kanl1k ve Sat1n Alma Odakl1 Davran1_lar1n1n 0ncelenmesi Author-Name: Ayfer AYDINER BOYLU Author-Name: Canan YERTUTAN Abstract: One of the most significant ways of achieving sustainable development is the efficient and active use of resources. Two of these resources, energy and water are highly crucial in terms of consumption amount. The most significant consumer group that has a role in the consumption of these resources is the family. This study was carried out in order to analyze married men s domestic habitual and purchase related energy and water conservation behaviours. The research sample comprised 176 married men. Chi-square was used in data analysis. In conclusion, it was determined that although men s behaviours related to energy and water conservation did not differ statistically in terms of educational level, the conservation-related behaviours tended to be more positive with increase in educational level. Also conservation-related behaviours tended to be more negative with increase in age and the younger and older men had fewer water conservation habits when compared to middle-aged men. Classification-JEL: G20, R20. Keywords: Married Men, Water Conservation, Energy Conservation, Habitual Related Behaviours, Purchase Related Behaviours. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197722 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: e-Devlet Projelerinin Yönetilmesi: PolNet Projesi Örnei Author-Name: 0lker PEKGÖZLÜ Abstract: Project management plays a significant role in e-government applications. Although it is not easy to categorize, e-government projects can be studied under five topics of project management. The research on the organizational and management category emphasizes the importance of planning, communication, and leadership in project management. This study primarily discusses these three factors and looks at the problems of two public information technology (IT) projects in different countries. Then, the study examines the documents and data obtained from interviews conducted with the experts worked on the PolNet Project, which is one of the earliest public IT projects in Turkey. Classification-JEL: M1, M15. Keywords: Project Management, e-Government, Police Information Systems. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197723 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Dolarizasyon Süreci ve Döviz Kuru Belirsizlii 0li_kisi Author-Name: Er_an SEVER Abstract: This paper has investigated the relationship between exchange rate uncertainty and dollarization in Turkey by applying Granger causality test for the period 1989:12 2010:12 and the sub-period 2001:02 2010:12 exchange rate uncertainty was determined by using exponential GARCH mean (EGARCH-M) method. According to the empirical findings of the Granger causality test, two-way relationship between dollarization and exchange rate uncertainty continues up to sixth lag in the period 1989:12-2010:12. But causality from dollarization to exchange rate uncertainty is stronger. After the sixth lag, dollarization leads to the exchange rate uncertainty. Furthermore, oneway causal relationship from dollarization to exchange rate uncertainty has been detected for the period from 2001:02 to 2010:12 during which flexible exchange rate policy was implemented. Classification-JEL: F31, F41. Keywords: Turkey, Dollarization, Exchange Rate Uncertainty, EGARCH-M. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197724 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: e-Devlet Çal1_malar1na Bir Örnek:  e-0çi_leri Projesi Author-Name: ^afak BA^A Abstract: e-Ministry of Interior project covers 21 central units, 81 governorships, 892 subgovernorships and 81 provincial special administrations. It provides those and other administrative organizations with a platform to exchange data and information. Within this project, central units, governorships and provincial special administration, subgovernorships have started to exchange e-documents for their administrative processes. On the one hand, it makes citizen access easy; on the other hand, state administrators all around the country would have an opportunity to lead e-government transformation. Classification-JEL: H76. Keywords: e-Government, e-Transformation Turkey Project, e-Interior Project. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197725 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mobilya Endüstrisinde Kârl1l11 Etkileyen Faktörlerin UTADIS Yakla_1m1 ile Belirlenmesi Author-Name: Mehmet ÇOLAK Author-Name: Ayd1n ULUCAN Abstract: The research subjects of this study are the determination of the factors affecting the profitability in furniture industry and the measurement of the relation between inputs and outputs used in the furniture production. For this reason a questionnaire is applied to 628 small, medium and large sized compaines. In order to measure the profitability in furniture industry, UTADIS analysis is used in this study. Classification-JEL: C61, D24. Keywords: Furniture Industry, Multi Criteria Decision Analysis, UTADIS. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197726 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Savunma, Sal1k ve Eitim Harcamalar1 ve Gelir E_itsizlii (1970 2008): Ekonometrik Bir 0nceleme Author-Name: Gül AKSOAN Author-Name: Adem Yavuz ELVEREN Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between defense expenditures, income inequality and growth in Turkey for the period of 1970 2008. In the study, the problem of lack of time series data has been overcome by using manufacturing pay inequality index constructed by Theil T Statistic. Increasing inequality and the significant amount of resources devoted to armaments are two serious and interconnected issues today. Although there are numerous studies that examine the different aspects of military spending in Turkey, there are only two studies that analyse the impact of military spending on income distribution in Turkey. Considering this lack in the literature on such a crucial topic, this study, utilizing basic cointegration and causality tests and incorporating more variables, aims to contribute to the literature. According to the analysis, while growth and social transfers have an improving effect in income inquality in Turkey, defense expenditures increase inequality. Classification-JEL: C22, H56. Keywords: Defense Expenditures, Income Inequality, Turkey, Granger Causality. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197727 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120112 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geli_mekte Olan Ülkelerde Politik 0stikrar1n Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi Author-Name: Timur Han GÜR Author-Name: Hale AKBULUT Abstract: This study examines the effect of political stability on economic growth by employing a panel data set covering 19 developing economies for the period between 1986 and 2003 in which political stability is questioned extensively in the literature of political macroeconomics. This research confirms the main finding obtained in many researches that political stability is positively related with economic growth and macroeconomic performance in developing economies. It is also found that the estimated country specific effects on economic growth are positive for most of the Asian countries and negative for the Latin American countries in the sample. Classification-JEL: C23, O40, P48. Keywords: Political Stability, Economic Growth, Political Business Cycle, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197728 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120113 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Ticaretin Finansman1nda Göçmen Gönderilerinin Rolü: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Ayhan GENÇLER Author-Name: Murat Ç0FTÇ0 Abstract: Since half century there have been significant immigration movements from developing countries to development countries. Recent years, there have seen that adding to blue-collar laborforce, brain drain. When looking at economic structure of developing countries, mostly be seen that applying economic growth strategy based on import. In this context, the foreign trade deficit has become a chronic condition. Migration to developed countries is also important for developing countries. Because, transfer of migrant s remittances has important function for solving of chronic high foreign trade deficit being with dependency on imports. This study is focused on effects of immigrant workers consignments in solving foreign trade deficits and import financing in Turkey. Classification-JEL: J61, O1, J01, J10, J61. Keywords: Immigrant Workers, Economic Development, Migration, Migrants Remittance. Issue: 17(17) Year: 2012 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197729 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:120114 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effects of Terror and Violence on Entrepreneurs in the Eastern and South-eastern Regions of Turkey: A Field Research Author-Name: Abdurrahim EMHAN Abstract: This study primarily aims to investigate the effects of terror and violence incidents on the entrepreneurs drawing primarily on the concept of terrorism including the targeted segments and objectives of terrorism. Then, the study expands on the impact of terrorism on the economy and firms. The empirical investigation section contains a field study on Diyarbakir, one of the leading providences of the Turkey in terms of its exposure to terrorism and violence for long periods of time. A survey is employed to gather data from the business owners in the city of Diyarbakir. Classification-JEL: M21, M29, R11. Keywords: Terrorism, Economy, Business, Entrepreneurship. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197705 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Hizmet Ticareti ve Ekonomik Büyüme 0li_kisi Author-Name: Erol ÇAKMAK Author-Name: Eda BOZKURT Author-Name: Hayati AKSU Author-Name: Ömer Selçuk EMSEN Abstract: In this study, the relationship between service trade and GDP has been investigated for Turkish Economy. In relevant literature, the relationship between service trade and economic growth varies depending on the level of economic development and openness. The relationship is generally observed as positive for developed countries though it is indefinite for developing ones. In empirical studies carried out for the relationship between service trade and GDP, regression analysis and its advanced extensions such as unit root and co-integration analyses are generally employed. The relationship is sought out for Turkey through an ARDL approach in this study. According to test results, the effect of service trade on economic growth is negative while the effect of the other independent variable, namely openness is found as positive, both short and long run. At the development level of Turkish economy, the positive effect of service trade on economic growth has not been observed yet. As Turkey becomes more open to trade, it is expected that positive effect on economic growth will be observed. Classification-JEL: O40, F14, F43. Keywords: Bound Test and ARDL Model, Service Trade, and Economic Growth. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197706 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ulusal Kalk1nma Sorunsal1 Aç1s1ndan Türkiye de Kamu Yönetiminin Rolü ve Önemi Author-Name: Uur SAD0OLU Author-Name: Mustafa Kemal ÖKTEM Abstract: Globalization has led into a debate on the new roles of government including on economics, as well as public administration in general. Today s trend of decentralization for public administration (in the sense of both service delivery and territorial facilities) is considered as being a pioneering power of national development and causes governments to constitute policies and required legislation in this direction. Anyone may come to ask these questions: Whether the lack of management for development policies and processes is a reason for main social, economical, political and cultural problems confronted by Turkey which has eagerly run for increasing its development since the last few centuries? Is it possible to find out effective solutions to these problems and to make a better development planning through focusing on the analysis of self-owned problems and sources? This study aims at discussing problematic issues of development administration in the context of new roles, tools, policies, and values of the current public administration, and to search for overcoming Turkey s problems of development administration. Classification-JEL: P11, O20, H10, H70. Keywords: Development Administration, Public Administration, National Development, New Management Approaches, Turkey. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197707 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ülke Riski, Derecelendirme Kurulu_lar1, Aksakl1klar ve Yeni Düzenlemeler Author-Name: Timur Han GÜR Author-Name: Hüseyin ÖZTÜRK Abstract: Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) and particularly sovereign ratings issued by those agencies that are widely used in international capital markets have been exposed to increasing criticism during and after almost every financial crisis. Many international authorities proposed new frameworks for the regulation and supervision of the credit rating sector, whereby, many countries have taken various steps in this respect. A large body of academic studies has been rising series critics about the methodologies, statistical techniques used by CRAs and forecasting accuracies of the grades and ratings issued by those agencies. This study aims to cover the fundamental problems seen in sovereign rating methodologies in a broad perspective and the main criticism directed to the CRAs. The study displays and classifies the problem and shortcomings in sovereign rating which has been increasingly important issue with globalization of financial markets in recent years. It unfolds new international attempts to arrange, restructure and regulate the sovereign rating sector particularly after the 2007-2009 financial crisis which is erupted in the US and spilled all over the World. Classification-JEL: G24. Keywords: Credit Ratings, Credit Rating Agencies, Rating Methodologies and Restructuring. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197708 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Katma Deer Vergisi, Enflasyon Oran1 ve Kamu Harcamalar1 Aras1ndaki 0li_kilerin Dinamik Analizi Author-Name: 0brahim ARISOY Author-Name: 0lter ÜNLÜKAPLAN Abstract: The main goal of this study is to analyze dynamic interactions between value added tax rate, value added tax revenue, public expenditures and inflation in Turkey by employing time series methods together with comparing the weight and evolution of the value added tax to the European Union and OECD countries. In this regard, in order to analyze dynamic interactions between value added tax rate, value added tax revenue, public expenditures and inflation, impulse-response functions, within the framework of the VAR analysis and variance decomposition methods were applied. Parallel to the variance decomposition analysis, the results of the impulse-response analysis indicate strong bidirectional relationship between value added tax revenue and public expenditures also by stressing the inflationary effects of the value added tax revenues as well as public expenditures. Classification-JEL: E62, H20. Keywords: Value Added Tax, Public Expenditures, Inflation Rate. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197709 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Merkez Bankas1 Ba1ms1zl11 ve Makroekonomik Performans: TCMB Örnei Author-Name: Hakan DEM0RG0L Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the underlying theory and empirical evidence on the relation between central bank independence and economic performance, chiefly inflation rates in the case of Turkey. Using the data between 1980-2009, the hypothesis that central bank independence is important for controlling macroeconomic performance and inflation is examined. Employing two indices (legal central bank independence and turnover rates of central bank governors) the inverse relationship between independence level of Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey and inflation was confirmed. We also examine whether central bank independence and turnover rates matter for real Gross Domestic Production growth and government deficits as a percent of Gross Domestic Production. Classification-JEL: E52, E58. Keywords: Central Bank Independence, Inflation, Macroeconomic Performance. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197710 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Reel Döviz Kuru 0stihdam 0li_kisi: Türkiye 0malat Sanayi Örnei Author-Name: Nilgün ACAR BALAYLAR Abstract: In this study, the effects of real exchange rates movements on employment in the case of Turkish manufacturing industry were analyzed. Keeping the national currency overvalued against foreign currencies for different purposes has led to significant effects in the economy in Turkey. In 2001, the transition to a flexible exchange rate system, the rise in real exchange rate (overvaluation of national currency against foreign currencies) has become more pronounced, and this has led to structural transformations in production and foreign trade sector. It has been found that dependency of both exports and production on imports increased and that production were increased in relatively technology-intensive industries with high rates of dependency on imports. Likewise, the amount of capital per worker in manufacturing industry increased, and therefore labor-capital ratio deteriorated in favor of capital. We also found that firms operating in the manufacturing industry meet their financing needs by borrowing heavily in foreign currency, and this situation contributes to increase dependence on imported inputs. High real exchange rate developments prepared the way for the manufacturing industry in which the relationship between production and employment has been weakened. Classification-JEL: E24, F41. Keywords: Real Exchange Rate, Employment, Manufacturing Industry. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197711 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Financial Socialization of College Students: A Comparison of University Students in Ankara and Florida Author-Name: Zeynep ÇOPUR Author-Name: Michael S. GUTTER Abstract: This study explores financial social learning opportunities among university students, comparing survey data from Turkey (Ankara; N= 3983) with data from a similar study conducted in the United States (Florida; N= 3320). Mean comparison analysis of pooled data confirmed persistent, country and gender differences. Students in Florida, especially male, reported more frequently financial social learning opportunities compared to Turkish students. Turkish student who were female reported more social learning opportunities than Turkish male, on the other hand, male students in Florida reported more social learning opportunities than female students in Florida. Classification-JEL: A14, D14, Z13. Keywords: College Students, Financial Socialization, Financial Social Learning, Socialization. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197712 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An Investigation on the Relationship between Government Size and Unemployment Rate: Evidence from OECD Countries Author-Name: Ahmet AYSU Author-Name: Gökhan DÖKMEN Abstract: It is widely accepted that size of government is an important determinant of labor market performance. Therefore, understanding the effects of government size on employment is both empirically and theoretically critical. Recent empirical studies indicate that the size of government is inversely related to labor market performance. This study examines the relationship between government size and unemployment rate for 17 OECD countries over the period of 1990-2007 using panel cointegration analysis. The empirical findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between size of government and unemployment rates. Classification-JEL: E24, H11, H30. Keywords: Government Size, Unemployment Rate, Panel Cointegration. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197713 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Politika Transferi Balam1nda Kamu Yönetiminde Neo-Liberal Reformlar1n Yay1lmas1: Aç1k Toplum Enstitüsünün Rolü Author-Name: Mehmet Zahid SOBACI Abstract: Today, both developed and developing countries are under the effect of a reform wave which is shaped by neo-liberal policies. Main feature of this reform wave is its quick diffusion worldwide. From international organizations to institutes, many agents contribute to this diffusion process. Nowadays, one of these institutes which are active at international level is Open Society Institute (OSI). Even though it is claimed that the OSI is in the service of neo-liberal policies and it plays a significant role in the liberalization of particular regions; studies which focus on these claims are not very common. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the role of the OSI in the diffusion of neo-liberal reforms in public administration in the context of policy transfer. Classification-JEL: H11, H83. Keywords: Policy Transfer, Administrative Reform, Neo-Liberal Policies, Open Society Institute, Governance. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197714 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Alternative Measures of Rate of Capacity Utilization for the Turkish Economy: A Comparative Analysis in Means of Adequacy for Empirical Investigation and Growth Models Author-Name: Benan ERES Abstract: This study aims at calculating the rate of capacity utilization for the Turkish economy with the cointegration method which is based on the relation between capital stock and the output and compare it with several other measures. The cointegration method is developed in accordance with the long run perspective of the classical/Marxian conceptualization. It also takes into account the Keynesian short-run cycles. For comparative purposes the Wharton index and the output-capital ratio measures are also calculated. These three measures as well as the available series based on the survey data are compared and contrasted to each other. The cointegration measure proves to be the most adequate measure in means of the classical/Marxian long-run as well as the Keynesian short-run theoretical considerations. Together with its technical simplicity in compilation and calculation as compared to the widely used survey based series its theoretical advantages makes it the best measure for use in empirical investigations and macroeconomic modeling. Classification-JEL: N14, E22, E32, B12, O52. Keywords: Capacity, Rate of Capacity Utilization, Turkish Economy, Cointegration Measure, Wharton Index, Classical Economic Theory, Post-Keynesian Economic Theory. Issue: 16(16) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197715 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Hollanda da Etnik 0li_kiler, Gettola_ma ve Paralel Toplum Tart1_malar1 Author-Name: Kadir CANATAN Abstract: Serious debates on the facts of segregation and ghettoization of immigrants and minority groups have been taking place in the Netherlands since the second half of the 1970 s. However, interestingly, previous debates brought no concrete measures or policies against those facts. On the contrary, policies to distribute immigrants into areas other than immigrant-intensive areas have been ethnicity based segregation. The same debate has recently become hot again. In the background of this debate, not only the latest increase in the ethnic intensity but also the changes in the integration policies have important roles. It is important to notice that, this time; both the style and the arguments of the debate are different than before. Today, ethnic intensity, on the one hand, is shown as a development against the integration policies followed so far, and on the other hand, its negative outcomes is paid attention on. While testing, with empirical data, the effects of ethnic intensity on ethnic relations, this paper questions the potential of the current intensity for segregation and creation a parallel society. Classification-JEL: Z13. Keywords: Ethnic Relations, Ghettoization, Segregation, Parallel Society, Ethnic Intensity, the Netherlands, Turks. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197698 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI01 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de 0lleraras1 0_sizlik Oran1 Farkl1l1klar1, Göç ve Ekonomik Kalk1nma Author-Name: Hüseyin Mualla YÜCEOL Abstract: The process of migration which started to increase in 1960s and showed its effect through the following years not only changed the formation of city populations and the regional conditions, but also led to important results in terms of economic and social development of inmigration and out-migration provinces and regions in Turkey. However, the regional development policies applied in Turkey in these years were not successful and after 1980s new policies with different content and method also could not reduce the existing inequalities; therefore, vital economic problems for the society, the most important of which is unemployment, could not be overcome. This study considers the differences in unemployment rates both in the city level and in the region level, and analyzes the relationship between migration and unemployment. The analysis uses the rates of unemployment and the figures of population and migration on the NUTS II level (sub-regional level) and NUTS III level (provinces level). The study emphasizes that the correlation relationship that materialized from high unemployment regions to low unemployment regions in 2000 has reversed in 2008 because of huge increases in the rate of unemployment, and the movement of migration has slowed down because of the fact that the unemployment is virtually everywhere. Classification-JEL: E24, J61, O15. Keywords: Unemployment, Migration, Mobility, Economic Development, Regional Development, Labor Market Policies. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197699 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI02 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Göç  Ticaret 0li_kisi: Panel Çekim Modeli Author-Name: Kadir KARAGÖZ Abstract: In this paper, it is aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amounts of emigrants and the volume of trade, and to determine the direction of this linkage if there is. To this end, a panel data based augmented gravity model is used in this paper for the period of 2000 2005. In the economic literature, gravity model has been used successfully in explaining the behavior of many flows such as migration, tourism and trade. In this paper the variables of economic size and distance of the partner country, and amount of Turkish emigrants are employed as explanatory variables in order to explain the bilateral trade volume in terms of exports and imports. Empirical findings show that there is a positive and robust relationship between migration and trade in the case of Turkey. Classification-JEL: C23, F14, F22. Keywords: Migration, Turkey, Panel Data, Augmented Gravity Model. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197700 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI03 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An Attempt to See the Soul of the Change: Kreuzberg from Margins into the Center Author-Name: Reyhan ATASÜ TOPÇUOLU Author-Name: Emrah AKBA^ Abstract: After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Berlin has witnessed a great change. But a district in Berlin has been the symbol of this change: Kreuzberg. Once had been a ghetto just bordering the Wall, Kreuzberg found itself just in the center of the city after the fall. This research tries to understand Kreuzberg as a transnational space and its transformation after the unification of Germany, 1989. Classification-JEL: Z19. Keywords: Kreuzberg, Berlin Wall, Lefebvre s Theory of Space, Transnationalism, Place, Space. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197701 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI04 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Motives and Problems of Turkish Immigrants in UK Author-Name: Serpil AYTAÇ Author-Name: Veysel BOZKURT Author-Name: Kuvvet LORDOLU Abstract: The paper presents research findings on cause of the return intentions of Turkish residing UK. The aim of this paper to examine the immigrated Turkish origin people s motivation/causes for immigration and the adoption/integration problems, return intentions and their perceptions about UK and Turkey. In this study, we used questionnaire forms with easy sampling method. The survey carried out the Turkish people, who live in UK, by the social network of authors. The study uses a descriptive framework to establish the validity of several proposed models of non-return. Correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis used to examine the relationship between return intentions and various factors that may affect this intention. Classification-JEL: F22. Keywords: Immigration, Turkey Migration, Turkish Immigrant in UK, Return Intentions. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197702 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI05 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de 0ç Göçte Sosyal A Kullan1m1 Üzerindeki Etkenler Author-Name: Murat Ç0FTÇ0 Abstract: This paper looks at the effects of using for countrymanship as an indicator of social network in Turkish internal migration from 1995 to 2000. Using data from TUIK and applying methods are based on Atkinson regional inequality index and regression analysis. The results of statistical analysis, it is show that there is the positive effect from the finding a job and training in the out-migration by provinces and reason for migration to countrymanship as an indicator of social network in Turkish internal migration from 1995 to 2000. Classification-JEL: J10, C00, C43, A10, A14. Keywords: Demography, Statistics, Economics, Sociology, Social Structure. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197703 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI06 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Köyden Kente Göç ve Dü_ündürdükleri Author-Name: Erturul GÜRE^Ç0 Abstract: If the migration to city from village together its causes and results causes is approached, it will be evaluated as an important economic and social case of Turkey. The migration to city from village in Turkey that is created of economic and social transform in 1950 s, is occurred to new economic and social case. In this study, it is aimed to some conceptions concern with forth, by evaluating to causes and results of the migration to city from village in Turkey. In study, it is used to the migration data of Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) and scientific studies that are made at previous period. Classification-JEL: Q18, R23. Keywords: Village, City, Migration. Issue: 2011-MI Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197704 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:11MI07 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Adalet Harcamalar1n1n Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri Author-Name: Fatih DEYNEL0 Abstract: This study is aimed to investigate effects of justice expenditure on economic growth. In the literature economic effects of public expenditure are evaluated in the frame of Wagner Law and Keynesian hypothesis. In this study relationship between justice expenditure and GDP in Turkey (1968-2006) will be evaluated by using Johansen co integration and Granger causality analysis. While GDP is used as dependent variable, domestic private investment, defense expenditure and justice expenditures are used as explanatory variables at formulated equation according to Keynesian model. According to Granger causality test there is no causality relation between GDP and justice expenditure in Turkey. Classification-JEL: H5. Keywords: Justice Expenditure, Economic Growth, Public Expenditure. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197687 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk 0malat Endüstrilerinde Younla_ma Oranlar1n1n Belirleyenleri: Bir Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi Author-Name: Burak GÜNALP Abstract: This study investigates the determinants of concentration using data on 66 fourdigit Turkish manufacturing industries for the period 1993 1999. We form and estimate a long-run steady-state model of concentration as well as a dynamic model involving the partial adjustment of concentration to its long-run steady-state level. The results show that minimum efficient scale, absolute capital requirements, R&D intensity, lagged profitability, import competition and lagged concentration are the most important variables affecting concentration. The estimated annual speed of adjustment suggests that Turkish economy experiences faster adjustment in market structure than the mature economies of Europe and the U.S. Classification-JEL: C23, L11, L60. Keywords: Industry Concentration, Market Structure, Barriers to Entry, Dynamic Adjustment. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197688 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Yabanc1 Ürün Sat1n Alma Niyeti: Türkiye ve Suriye Üzerine Kar_1la_t1rmal1 Analiz Author-Name: H. Murat MUTLU Author-Name: Abdüllatif ÇEV0KER Author-Name: Zeynep Ç0RK0N Abstract: Foreign trade volume between Turkey and Syria, which had been 900 million US Dollars in 2003 and almost equal regarding these two country s contribution, doubled and reached 1.800 million US dollars while Turkey s share increased by 80 % in 2009. This study, considering registered rapid growth in trade volume, aims to determine level of consumers ethnocentric tendency and to investigate impacts of country image, animosity, consumers product evaluation and attitude as well as ethnocentric tendency on contiguous country s product purchase. The hypothesis, developed in the conceptual section of the paper, is tested using data collected from questionnaire and the results reveal significant relations between variables. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study findings are discussed. Classification-JEL: M30, M31, M39. Keywords: Intention of purchase, Consumer Ethnocentrism, Country Image, Consumer Animosity, Consumers Product Evaluation and Attitude, International Marketing. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197689 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Eitim Sisteminde Vergileme: Denizli 0linde Bir Uygulama Author-Name: Ersan ÖZ Author-Name: Selçuk BUYRUKOLU Abstract: When the Turkish educational system is analyzed, it is clear that the rendering of the services has been undertaken by both state and private institutions. An individual who is engaged in our higher education service regarded as  semi-public does not have any tax responsibilities, in accordance with the Law Nr. 2547 Law of Higher Education. However, a certain portion of the dues required from the students studying in the schools belonging to private institutions and organizations is composed of VAT. This study limits the scope of the case in point with the province, Denizli, and the taxation structures of the private schools in this province were analyzed with regard to the selected years. Classification-JEL: I21, H21, O16. Keywords: Education, Taxation, Private Schools, Development. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197690 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: OECD Üyesi Ülkelerde Katma Deer Vergisinin Yap1sal Geli_imi ve Son Uyumla_t1rma Çabalar1n1n Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Ali ÇEL0KKAYA Abstract: Value added tax (VAT and its equivalent, sometimes called Goods and Services Tax  GST) has been implemented in all OECD countries except USA so far. Besides, this tax has been used in 140 countries worldwide. Therefore VAT is being pervaded all over the world. The purpose of this study is to examine the structural development of VAT since 1965 bounded with OECD countries and evaluate current situation of tax harmonization practices of VAT. EU countries which constitute the majority of OECD have started a new era in taxing services in 1st October 2010. These new rules which will also be implemented simultaneously in EU-27 are going to be affecting OECD countries including Turkey. Thus it has already started a discussion that this tax could cause double taxation. Classification-JEL: H2, K34, O1. Keywords: Consumption Tax, Value Added Tax, Revenue Ratio, Tax Harmonization, Service Trade. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197691 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli 0_letmelerin Finansal Sorunlar1: K1rg1zistan da Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Önder MET Abstract: It is known that SMEs are of great importance in a country s economy and have provided great contribution to them. In addition, it s generally accepted that SMEs have various problems and among them financial problems are prominent. In this study, a research is intended to be made regarding the identifying of financing practices/problems as well as the working capital management of the SMEs in Kyrgyzstan. As a result of the research made by survey in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, it is seen that contrary to expectations, Kyrgyz SMEs do not experience a significant shortage of liquidity but find the credit conditions unfavourable. Classification-JEL: G32. Keywords: Kyrgyzstan, Small and Medium Enterprises, Financial Problems, Working Capital Management, Liquidity, Financing. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197692 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sürdürülebilir Kalk1nma ve Çevre Bilincinin Olu_turulmas1nda Ailenin Rolü Author-Name: Sibel ERKAL Author-Name: ^ükran ^AFAK Author-Name: Canan YERTUTAN Abstract: Rapid progresses in science and technology, industrialization, population growth, urbanization and environmental problems change the social structure, as well. These changes affect also the family, which is the most important unit of the society. Family is the first place where the individual is prepared for the society and the socialization begins. Considering consumption requirement of each individual and family in the society, the role of decisions and behaviors in the matter of purchasing, using and throwing away the wastes in protecting or polluting the environment is indisputable. The purpose of efforts made in the matter of protection, development and improvement of the environment is to enable individuals to live in a healthier and more secure environment. This can be achieved just by the individual himself/herself. That is because it is the individual who damages or protects and develops the environment. At the present time, environmental awareness accepts living in a healthy environment as one of the fundamental human rights. That is possible just through a quality education. It is indisputable that environmental problems will become more serious in 21st century unless environmental education and awareness is provided to the every segment of the society, beginning with the individual, and necessary measurements are taken. Classification-JEL: Q5, Q56. Keywords: Family, Environment, Sustainable Development, Environmental Education. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197693 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0çsel Büyüme Modelleri ve Küreselle_me Sürecinde Geli_mekte Olan Ülkelerin Konumlar1 Author-Name: Cemil Ç0FTÇ0 Author-Name: Gökhan AYKAÇ Abstract: Endogenous growth models and globalization are among the most important discussions being held in the literature during the last quarter of 20th century. The endogenous growth models have changed the point of view about the concepts of economic growth and the government itself by internalizing the facts that are assumed to be exogenous previously, such as knowledge, R&D, social capital, technological progress and economics of scale. From this perspective it can be suggested that the endogenous growth models have positive effects on the declination of the recessions in developed countries. On the other hand, even though the globalization has been evaluated as a tool to achieve development, globalization s market oriented point of view has limited the desired gains from it. For this reason, in this study we attempt to demonstrate the validity of the previsions of the endogenous growth model for the developing countries. Classification-JEL: O40, O31, E24, F15. Keywords: Economic Growth, Endogenous Growth Model, Technological Change; Research and Development, Human Capital, Globalization. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197694 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Measuring the Efficiency of Turkish Universities Using Measure-Specific Data Envelopment Analysis Author-Name: Ayd1n ULUCAN Abstract: This study measures the efficiency of Turkish universities through standard and measure-specific Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approaches. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. Firstly, the study shows the applicability of standard and measurespecific DEA methodologies in performance evaluation of Turkish universities. Secondly, it presents the benchmark shares which show the importance of each efficient university in measuring the inefficiencies of inefficient universities. Finally, the study analyzes efficiencies by means of the geographical regions which the universities are located. Classification-JEL: C61, D24, I23. Keywords: Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Measure-Specific DEA, University Performance. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197695 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de e-0mza Alan1ndaki Hukuki Düzenlemeler ve Baz1 Kamu Kurumlar1ndaki e-0mza Uygulamalar1 Author-Name: Mustafa GÜLER Author-Name: Uur ÖMÜRGÖNÜL^EN Abstract: e-transformation and e-Government are very important phenomena for bringing the facilities of technology into the field of public administration and thus for increasing the performance, quality and transparency in the provision of public services.  Electronic Signature (e-signature) is a part of such transformation as well. With the increase in official and commercial transactions in electronic space through computers and Internet, security and authentication problems concerned with such transactions have been emerged. Making regulations for developing and protecting technical and legal infrastucture to sort out these kinds of problems is also a task for Government. In parallel to the developments in the world, Elektronic Signature Law (ESL) no. 5070 was enacted in 2004 in Turkey as well, as a consequence of the need for the establishment and dissemination of the infrastructure concerned. In this paper, the technical and legal infrastructure of e-signature in Turkey has been reviewed; and case studies in two public organisations (the Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade and the Ministry of Industry and Trade) have been examined by taking economic, social and cultural impacts of e-signature. As a result of this examination, a general judgment has been reached about the success levels of the regulations and practices in getting the benefits of e-Signature; the inadequacies in the legal regulations in this field and the economic, social, cultural and technical problems occurred during the practices of public organizations concerned, have been displayed. Classification-JEL: H11, H83, O32. Keywords: e-Signature, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), e-Government, e-Signature Law, Turkey. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197696 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Aç1klar1n1n Politik Ekonomisi Author-Name: Enver Alper GÜVEL Author-Name: Aylin KOÇ Abstract: Apart from many economic factors causing public deficit there are also some politic-economic factors. It is expressed that, political and institutional factors are among the important markers of the macroeconomic stability and also increase the likelihood of maintaining strong fiscal policies. Political economy approach in this regard, emphasizes the impact of political and institutional factors on macroeconomic dynamics. This study, aims to explore models related with political economy of fiscal deficit. For this purpose first, the impact of political factors on fiscal deficits are addressed, and then this models are discussed in terms of theoretical models. Finally empirical studies related with these models are given. Classification-JEL: H62, P16. Keywords: Public Deficit, Political Factors. Issue: 14(14) Year: 2011 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197697 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:110111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Bankac1l1k Sektöründe Etkinlik ve Rekabet: 2002 2007 Author-Name: Tuncay ÇEL0K Author-Name: Muhittin KAPLAN Abstract: Turkish banking sector, following the crisis year of 2001, went through a fast recovery period. Reduced profits during the crisis period began to increase again and the Turkish banking sector attracted many foreign investors. While the number of foreign firms in the sector and their shares has increased, the first five banks concentration ratio (CR5) which is theoretically expected to decrease has also increased. In this study, we investigated the efficiency-competition relationship for the Turkish banking sector using Panzar and Rosse (1987) model over the period of 2002-2007. The results show that competition is high in the sector related mainly to the fact that the number of efficient banks is high in 2005 and 2006 compared to the other years. For the rest of the years in this period, it is observed that the level of competition has decreased in parallel with a decline in efficiency scores. Classification-JEL: L11. Keywords: Turkish Banking Sector, Crisis, Efficiency, Panzar and Rosse Model. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197676 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Büyüme 0çin Olas1 Bir Anahtar: Bilgiri_imci Author-Name: Kamil ORHAN Abstract: Entrepreneurship is an issue increasingly intriguing in recent years. The interest in this field has been spreading to extensive research areas. Economists, sociologists, anthropologists, educators, psychologists and finance developers have been working about this issue. The studies in this field include such efforts that the definition of the concept the determination of the common characteristics of the people who are supposed to be  entrepreneurs the determination of the factors that affect the emergence of entrepreneurial individual understanding the social impacts at entrepreneurship. It has not been done enough work on entrepreneurship in Turkey, although the importance of issues is increasing. Parallel development in information technology (IT) sector has been experienced. The goal of the study is to underline that the effect training IT sector and information entrepreneurs on Turkish national developments. In terms of emphasis importance, it is recommended that an IT entrepreneur is conceptualized as bilgiri_imci. In our study, document analysis method was used. Within the framework of a general literature review of relevant information and data compiled, their importances in terms of economic development are emphasized. Classification-JEL: L26, O38, O14. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, IT Sector, Growth. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197677 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ekonomik Düzenleme (Regülâsyon), Özelle_tirme, 0dare Hukuku ve Uluslararas1 Tahkim Matrisinde Deerlendirmeler Author-Name: Sedat ÇAL Abstract: Activities of the administration in economic sectors take different shapes depending on the economic policies pursued. The administration can itself run activities towards increasing public welfare in accordance with the social welfare state principle. Yet the same activities can be delivered by private sector. In the latter case the administration assumes primarily the policing function. Owing to the liberal economy approach competition and regulation concepts have received attention in recent years. Furthermore, principles of law & economics and economic policing have been the prevailing concepts. This study aims at analysing briefly the interactive relationship amongst such concepts as privatization, regulation, policing and the administration s management of economy within a matrix context, and highlights judicial review and international arbitration in this puzzle. Classification-JEL: K20, K23, K33. Keywords: Economic Regulation, Privatization, Administrative Law, International Investment Arbitration. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197678 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Stratejik Yönetim Sürecinde Deerler, Vizyon ve Misyon Kavramlar1 Aras1ndaki 0li_ki Author-Name: Mustafa KILIÇ Abstract: The concepts of vision and mission have been widely used parallel to strategic management paradigm become wide speared. Yet, this situation resulted in chaos due to misusing these concepts. The concepts of vision and mission have been mostly used as an exchangeable manner in place of each other and caused managers get confused. All organizations in the same industry have almost the same vision and mission statements. However, even if the statements were the same, the function of these two concepts will vary at different organizations with different values. In this study, there has been exposed the relationship between mission, vision and the concept of  organizational values , which gives meaning to the concepts of vision and mission and renders them more functional for managers as a management concept. Classification-JEL: M10. Keywords: Values, Vision, Mission, Value-Vision-Mission Relations. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197679 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Export Insurance Policy When Exporting to Lesser-Known Markets Author-Name: Türkmen GÖKSEL Abstract: There are crucial differences between exporting to a lesser-known market and exporting to a well-known market. I define a well-known (lesser-known) market if exporters have complete (incomplete) information about importers' characteristics such as contract viability. This risk premium between a well-known market and a lesser-known market causes lower export volume to lesser-known markets. I find that governmentsupported export insurance policies can increase the total volume of exports to lesserknown markets. Moreover, this paper argues that mostly medium-sized firms are getting benefits from this policy. Classification-JEL: D81, F10, F13. Keywords: Exports, Insurance, Lesser-Known Markets, Incomplete Information. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197680 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Yabanc1 Ziyaretçi Harcamas1 ve Turizm Gelirleri 0li_kisi: Bir E_-bütünle_me Analizi (1970  2008) Author-Name: Cem I^IK Abstract: This paper investigates relationship between foreign visitor spending and tourism income for Turkey over the period 1970-2008. This paper examines the role of foreign visitor spending in the Turkish tourism by using ADF test, Co-integration approach, and Granger Causality test over the period of 1970-2008. The empirical findings indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship and further a bi-directional causality between the two variables. Classification-JEL: C22, L83. Keywords: Economic Growth, Foreign Visitor Spending, ADF, Cointegration. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197681 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Harcamalar1n1n Bile_imi Ekonomik Büyümeyi Etkiler Mi? Türkiye Ekonomisi 0çin Bir Analiz Author-Name: Deniz AYTAÇ Author-Name: Mehmet Cahit GÜRAN Abstract: In this study, the relationship between the economic classification of public expenditure and economic growth in Turkey is examined by taking into consideration of the structural break and by causality and vector autoregression (VAR) analysis for the period 1987-2005. When the structural break is included into vector autoregressive model as a dummy variable, the results of the Granger causality test show that there is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to current expenditure and total expenditure. Furthermore, causality relationship is not found running from economic growth to transfer and investment expenditure. Additionally, impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis support the causality relation. As a result, in the period studied for Turkey, it is concluded that an increase in economic growth would lead to an increase in public expenditures. Classification-JEL: Q48, Q43, Q41, Q40. Keywords: Composition of Government Expenditures, Economic Growth, Structural Break, Granger Causality, VAR. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197682 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yolsuzlukla Mücadelede E- Devlet ve Türkiye deki Durum Author-Name: Filiz G0RAY Abstract: Although corruption is seen in many countries, it is higher and rampant in developing countries than developed countries. There are many factors which affect corruption. However  the lack of transparency and accountability and  discretion power is basic factors to increase corruption in government. For this reason, e-government is thought as a partial but important tool to combat corruption which is the multifaceted problem in government sector. The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of egovernment as a way of reducing corruption. This study contributes to combat corruption by e-government from the point of both theory and practice. The results of the study support the hypothesis that e-government can make important contributions to reduce corruption. Classification-JEL: H5, P43, O3. Keywords: E-government, Corruption, Transparency, E-government and Corruption in Turkey. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197683 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Underground Economy and Tax Administration Author-Name: Keramettin TEZCAN Author-Name: 0lter ÜNLÜKAPLAN Abstract: Around the world economies, underground economy is a fiscal problem peculiar to the developing countries. But almost all countries, independent of whether developed, developing or transition, face a remarkably large size of the underground economy. Underground economy has two main disadvantages: Not only it cut downs the tax revenues but also it causes the tax equity to worse off and threatens the legitimacy of the tax system. So, it emerges for government interventions like tax policy, direct regulations or institutional arrangements. In this paper, we expand the analysis of underground economy one step further to put forward a remedy for the underground economy: Some efforts must be made to increase tax compliance such as, establishing the simplicity of the tax system, encouraging the compliant motives of the taxpayers, powering different behaviour patterns with respect to different income levels and stipulating efficient administration of the reforms. Classification-JEL: H20, H83, O17. Keywords: Underground Economy, Tax Administration, Tax Compliance. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197684 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Politik 0stikrars1zl1k - Ekonomik Süreç Politikalar1 Etkile_imi Author-Name: Selim ^ANLISOY Abstract: In literaure, while analyzing the effects of politic field over economic field, the political regime type namely the level of democratization is taken into account. Since there is no absolute agreement on the type of relationship between economic variables and democratization level, it is considered to examine the relationship between political instability and economic variables. As the level of instability effects the aims of economic process policy, it is also true that problems which are experienced in economic process may also cause political instability. In this study, at first, the relationship between political regime type and economic performance is briefly analysed. Then, the interaction mechanisms between economic process policy targets -growth, price stability, income distribution, current account balance, full employment- and political instability is tried to be explained. It is concluded that political instability is a barrier to reach the aims of economic process policy. It is stressed that it would be more advantageous in terms of national or equivalently social interests that different social groups especially in the developing countries act to decrease the political instability. Classification-JEL: E6, H1, O4. Keywords: Economic Process, Political Instability, Political Regime. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197685 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0hracatç1 Türk Firmalar1nda Personel Salama ve Seçme Yöntemleri ve 0novasyon Performans1 0li_kisi: Orta Anadolu 0hracatç1 Birlikleri Örnei Author-Name: Mustafa KILIÇ Author-Name: Bar1_ B0LG0NOLU Abstract: The relationship between innovation and recruitment and mployee selection function is explored in this paper. After explaining the basic concepts about innovation, it was tried to determine the perceptions of human resource managers about whether there is a relationship between innovation and human resource management, and especially recruitment and employee selection. It was seen that innovation was considered to be highly important at the participated companies, but this importance was not reflected to the implementation stage at the same rate. it was also seen a positive relationship between some employee selection methods, (like recruitment from inside the company for open positions, comparing the answers of the candidate and a successful employee, and pre-interview) with the innovation performance of the companies. Besides these, it was determined that some specific techniques like unstructured and semi-structured interviews and ability tests were important in order to employ innovation oriented employees. When the characteristics of candidates were considered, it was also seen a positive relationship between innovation performance of the participated companies and selecting candidates who are different than existent employees (in terms of culture, opinion, sex, etc.), employing candidates resisting to conform to organizational culture and who has different specializations from company s core operation. Classification-JEL: M51. Keywords: Innovation Management, Innovation, Recruitment, Employee Selection, Human Resources Management. Issue: 2010-2 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197686 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100211 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Welfare Effects of Electricity Transit Author-Name: Mikulas LUPTACIK Author-Name: Heinrich OTRUBA Abstract: The liberalization of the European electricity market facilitating the cross-border exchanges of electricity requires the establishment of a system for accessing the European grid. The starting point for the discussion of pricing the access to interconnected networks in this paper is the fact that electricity transit creates external effects to the involved countries which have to be internalized. Using a three countries model we analyze the welfare effects of different compensation scenarios for the electricity transfer between countries under individual and joint welfare maximization. The three countries have different roles: country 1 is an electricity exporting country, country 2 is importing electricity from country 1 and country 3 is the transit country. Individual and joint maximization deliver identical results if and only if export prices and transit charges are equal to marginal production and marginal transit costs. The joint optimum implies that the demand for imported electricity is determined by the sum of all relevant marginal costs: marginal production cost and marginal electricity loss in the export country, marginal transit costs and marginal electricity loss in the import country. The transit country has to be compensated for its electricity loss costs on the basis of marginal costs. Capital costs of transit capacity should only be compensated in the case of capacity shortage in the transit country. Classification-JEL: L14, L94, O25, D60. Keywords: Cross-border Trade, Electric Utilities, Industrial Policy, Social Welfare. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197668 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN01 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Is There a Stochastic Trend in European Union Emission Trading Scheme Prices? Author-Name: Don BREDIN Author-Name: Cal MUCKLEY Abstract: The European Union s Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is the key policy instrument of the European Commissions Climate Change Program aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to eight percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The key asset traded under the scheme is the European Union Allowance (EUA). To further curtail greenhouse gas emissions the EU Allowance prices should follow a stationary path about a persistent upward trend. In this vein, this article finds evidence to the contrary indicating the presence of a stochastic trend (a unit root) in EU Allowance prices during the period from April 2005 through to July 2009. This finding is indicative of incoherence between the European Union ETS de jure policy, with regard to transiting to a low carbon economy, and EUA price behavior. Classification-JEL: Q49, G12, G15. Keywords: CO2 Prices, Energy, EU ETS, Kyoto Protocol, Unit Root. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197669 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN02 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Electricity Market Design for Germany Author-Name: Ray REES Author-Name: Sebastian SCHOLZ Abstract: Germany has two ambitious goals: It wants to generate 20% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020; and it wants to reach its nuclear phase-out target by 2021, according to the Atomic Energy Law of 2002. To be successful, it needs a strong transmission network that connects the offshore wind parks at the North and Baltic Sea with regions of high population and industry densities. At the same time it has to be keeping its generation capacity at a high enough level. This paper describes recent reforms in the electricity sector and makes suggestions on how to improve the current state of market performance in the industry. Classification-JEL: L11, L52, L94, Q41. Keywords: Market Structure, Industrial Policy, Electric Utilities, Energy. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197670 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN03 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Uluslararas1 Enerji Güvenlii Aç1s1ndan Hazar Bölgesi Enerji Ekonomisi ve Hazar Denizi ni Payla_1m Sorunu Author-Name: 0smail Hakk1 0^CAN Abstract: Caspian region for which many energy projects are being planned and executed is today one of alternative regions that can provide solution to energy supply security which is considered by west as equal to national security. For energy import of western countries the region also has the feature of being an alternative transportation route that can decrease the dependency to Russia. The main aim of this study is to determine how legal situation is an obstacle in economically valuing this potential by proving the energy potential of Caspian Region. Although the problem is legal, its result is economical. Classification-JEL: F51, F59, O13, Q34, K33. Keywords: Caspian Sea, Legal Status, Energy, Energy Security. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197671 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN04 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye ile AB Üyesi Ülkelerin Elektrik Üretim Sektörlerinin Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Analizi: 2000 2006 Dönemi için Uluslararas1 bir Kar_1la_t1rma Author-Name: Yetkin ÇINAR Abstract: As a respond to the rapid increase in electricity demand in 2000s, establishing productive and efficient electricity generation sector becomes one of the primary goals of energy policies in many countries. This study compares the efficiencies of the electricity generation sectors of Turkey and EU member countries while determining a degree of convergency in efficiencies and change in the total factor productivities between the years 2000 and 2006, via non-parametric methods. The correlations between the sector efficiencies and their size, competitiveness and nuclear capacity infrastructure are computed, as well. The results indicate that, in the analysis period, EU member countries improved their efficiencies and converged. Turkey performed near to the mean value of EU countries except from 2001, the crisis. Evidence also suggests that, the more competitive or larger sectors owing nuclear capacity achieved relatively higher efficiencies. Classification-JEL: L94, C14, D24. Keywords: Electricity Generation, Efficiency, Productivity, Convergency, Competitiveness, Data Envelopment Analysis, Non-parametric Methods, Turkey, European Union. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197672 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN05 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye Elektrik Sektöründe Reform Süreci, Regülâsyon ve Rekabet Politikas1 Author-Name: Alparslan A. BA^ARAN Author-Name: Necmiddin BADAD0OLU Abstract: This paper assesses the reform process of the Turkish electricity sector, which has started in 1984 and gained momentum since 2001, on the bases of regulatory and competition policies implemented in the European Union, and then identify the sources of failures originated from institutional, legal and political structure in the Turkish implementation, and finally, provide suggestions to speed up the reform process. Classification-JEL: H11, L94, L33, L16. Keywords: Reform and Government Policy, Electricity Sector, Privatisation, Competition Policy. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197673 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN06 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Geli_mi_lik Düzeyi 0li_kisi: Yatay Kesit Analizi Author-Name: Hüseyin AIR Author-Name: Muhsin KAR Abstract: Energy consumption, particularly electricity consumption, has increased over the years as a result of economic development and, in turn, this has led researchers and policy makers to focus on the issue whether electricity consumption contributes to economic growth. The topic was usually examined in terms of the direction of causality which implies that the energy policies should be carefully designed. This paper empirically investigates this relationship by employing a cross-section analysis and by utilizing the data for 81 provinces in Turkey. Empirical results show that the electricity consumption positively contributes to both the levels of income and the value added. This result implies that electricity consumption may be a potential constraint for economic growth and, therefore, to sustain sufficient electricity production, necessary measures should be taken without delay. Classification-JEL: C21, Q43, R11, L60. Keywords: Electricity Consumption, Economic Development, Cross Section Analysis. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197674 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN07 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Quality of Supply and Efficiency: An Analysis of Portuguese Electricity Distribution Networks Author-Name: Thomas WEYMAN-JONES Author-Name: Júlia Mendonça BOUCINHA Author-Name: Catarina Féteira INÁCIO Abstract: Efficiency and productivity analysis is a standard part of the tool-box of electricity and gas network regulators. In this paper the data envelopment analysis approach to benchmarking the performance of electricity networks is applied to a group of regional networks which differ in the quality of supply measured by, for example, interruptions. We show that efficiency comparisons differ when quality of supply is allowed for. We extend the efficiency comparisons to construct quality-adjusted Malmquist productivity indices in a manner which can be employed in both intra-firm management review and in regulatory benchmarking. Classification-JEL: L15, L51, L94. Keywords: Regulation and Industrial Policy, Electricity Distribution, Supply Quality. Issue: 2010-EN Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197675 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:10EN08 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Determining Factors of Private Investments: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey Author-Name: Kadir KARAGÖZ Abstract: Private investment plays a pivotal role in the free market economy. In the contemporary economic thinking private sector has a weighty and important place in the investment and production based growth. Considering the multifaceted nature of private investments, determining the factors which have effects on private investments gain importance. This paper aims to determine the factors which affect private investments in long-run in Turkey. To this end, the long-run private investment equation is estimated via bounds test (ARDL) approach to co-integration. Estimated coefficients of the variables show that in the long-run real GDP, real exchange rate, ratio of private sector credit to GDP, private external debt, inflation, and trade openness have a significant impact on private investments. Classification-JEL: E22, C22, O16, O40. Keywords: Private Investment, Turkey, ARDL Test, Co-integration. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197657 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Enflasyonun Olu_umu: ARDL Yakla_1m1 Author-Name: Tuba ^AH0NOLU Author-Name: Kenan ÖZDEN Author-Name: Selim BA^AR Author-Name: Hayati AKSU Abstract: Understanding causes of inflation is important for combating inflation phenomenon. In this study, causes of inflation of Turkish economy are investigated. For this purpose, an inflation model based on Triangle Inflation Model is applied by including 1987:01-2008:04 data. According to the long term model results hold by ARDL approach, external price level, wages and output gap have positive impacts on Turkish price level. While wages and external prices have prior effects on inflation, effect of output gap is lagged. When the model is extended by taking into consideration fiscal and monetary variables, a negative relationship appears between budget deficits and price level. Money supply affects price level first positively and then negatively. Classification-JEL: C22, E31. Keywords: Inflation, Triangle Inflation Model, ARDL. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197658 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yak1nsama Hipotezi: Teorik Tart1_malar Author-Name: Re_at CEYLAN Abstract: One of the most important subject of economic growth literature is convergence hypothesis which is the main inference of Solow growth model. According to this hypothesis under the closed economy conditions, because of the diminishing rate of return of the capital, per person real income differences accross countries tend to decrease. Even though the convergence hypothesis in 1980s has been widely used due to compiling long term macroeconomic series and improving econometric techniques, this hypothesis since 18th century hase been a core issue deeply matters to economists. The main object of this study is to analyse the evolution of the convergence hypothesis within its historical proccess and to point out its huge terminology. Classification-JEL: D31. Keywords: Convergence Hypothesis, Neoclassical Growth Model, New Growth Theory, Sources of the Convergence Hypothesis. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197659 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Ko_ullu Yükümlülüklerin Kamu Finansman Aç1klar1 Üzerine Etkileri Author-Name: Duran BÜLBÜL Author-Name: Selin ERTÜRK ATABEY Abstract: Keynesian Economic Model is proposing much more government intervention to the economic life and having started to be accepted from the aftermath of 1929 economic crisis. With the effect of this model the share of government-owned organizations in the national economy has raised. Public expenses expand as a result of this rising. To get rid of increasing expanses taxes, domestic borrowing and emission became inadequate to fulfill increasing expenses. So, governments have resorted to external borrowings. Share increase of government-owned organization in the economy is also affected by contingent liabilities which cannot be unforeseen in the government budget. This situation leads unexpected fiscal deficits in the government budget. In this study, financial risks and contingent liabilities will be classified to determine contingent liabilities originated risks and the effects of these risks on the government finance deficit. Classification-JEL: H60, H62, H63. Keywords: Contingent Liabilities, Fiscal Deficit, Debt Management, Turkey. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197660 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Performans Deerlendirme Sistemi ve Performans Dü_üklüü Nedeniyle 0_ Sözle_mesinin Feshi Author-Name: Erol AKI Author-Name: Tunç DEM0RB0LEK Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between performance appraisal system in organizations and the termination of employment contract in accordance with insufficient performance for employee. The organizations investing on human resources who use the information which reproduces is valuated and renewed as long as it is shared, shall be successful. Besides, the employees should meet the performance criteria s and even their performance should be carried out more than expected. In this case, performance management system which is one of the effective tools of the successful managements comes foreground. Performance appraisal system is used to decide whether or not the wage of an individual employee is justified. The first paragraph of the Article 18 of the Labor Act No. 4857 states as follows  The employer, who terminates the contract of an employee engaged for an indefinite period, who is employed in an establishment with thirty or more workers and who meets a minimum seniority of six months, must depend on a valid reason for such termination connected with the capacity or conduct of the employee or based on the operational requirements of the establishment or service . In this sense, employee s capacity or insufficient performance for employee is an important criterion for termination of employment contract. Classification-JEL: K31, M12. Keywords: Performance Appraisal, Employment Contract, Unlawful Termination. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197661 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Pazarlama Alan1nda Yap1lan Ara_t1rmalarda Elde Edilen Aritmetik Ortalama Ölçek Orta Noktas1na E_it Midir? Author-Name: Ahmet BARDAKCI Author-Name: Duygu KOÇOLU Author-Name: Selçuk Burak HA^ILOLU Abstract: This paper aims (1) to appraise means of measured concepts in marketing related fields in terms of number of scale points employed and (2) to investigate relationship between the number of scale points and response styles. In line with this aim papers, which were published in proceedings of national marketing congress (UPK) and journal of Pazarlama Dunyasi between 2000 and 2007, presenting the findings as means and as frequency tables have been recovered. In conjunction with the aim of our research 2443 variables from 76 articles were extracted. Findings indicate that means are not equal to neutral point of the scales that were utilized for individual studies; moreover, respondents indicate their responses above the scale neutral. Both DARS and ERS are higher at 3 response categories than 4 or 5 response categories. MPR is higher at 3 response categories than 5 response categories. Classification-JEL: M39. Keywords: Marketing Research, Neutral Point of Attitude Scales, Response Style. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197662 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yönetim 0novasyonu Author-Name: Ali SOYLU Author-Name: Meltem ÖZTÜRK GÖL Abstract: As a result of the globalization process, the world has become a single market; in addition to this, only one production platform has emerged producing similar products and services. Companies need to make innovation about price, product, process, experience, marketing to make these products preferred. No matter what types of innovations are handled, the important thing is to use the advantages of various environmental situations effectively for the firm s well being. Without being different, vicious cycle will not be ended. To focus on different innovation forms, management innovation is a must. The aim of this study is to handle the importance of management innovation and the need for it in practice and analyze the effects of it on developing management concept. Classification-JEL: M10. Keywords: Innovation, Management Innovation. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197663 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye 0_ Kurumu Faaliyetleri ve 0_gücü Piyasas1 0htiyaçlar1 Aras1ndaki Uyum Author-Name: Handan KUMA^ Abstract: Economic history and experience are the effective factors of the supply and demand policies of the countries and institutions and the harmonization to the changing labor market conditions. Meanwhile, while structural and fundamental changes take place in the national and international labor markets continuously, to what extent Turkish Employment Organization can respond and trace to the changes and its adoption to this process should be debated. At this point the assumption of the study is; there is a conformity issue between the structuring of Turkish Employment Organization as a public employment agency of Turkey, its services and the needs of labor market. The main objective of this study is to expose the incompatibility issues and to develop solutions to problems. Study comprises three main sections; development of employment services and development of Turkish Employment Organization and its activities transferred and determination of problems and proposals developed for conclusions section. Classification-JEL: J00, J01, J08. Keywords: Public Employment Service, The Problems of Public Employment Service, Turkish Employment Agency. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197664 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sömürü, Koruma ve Pozitif Ayr1mc1l1ktan Çal1_ma Hayat1n1n Egemen Gücü Olmaya Doru Kad1nlar: 21.Yüzy1l ve Pembele_en Çal1_ma Hayat1 Author-Name: Say1m YORGUN Abstract: Role of women in society has always been discussed extensively, and industrialization gave an impetus to more debates about women s role in labor market. Women and children were always preferred because of their lower cost and meek nature. They are exploited as an alternative workforce to break down men s monopoly. 21st century woman workforce was always exploited and oppressed. And now they are on the way of emancipation. Industrialization s pace, cultural and educational development have exhibited that woman workforce is not an alternative but a mainstream workforce. This phenomenon emerged due to four reasons. These are technological advancement, sectoral alternation, judicial and socio-cultural changes. Everyone can portray lots of different future scenarios for women, because each scenario has its own justifications and testimonies. It is obvious that 21st century will be an enlightened era for women, as they are becoming more and more advantageous in new production-system, where esthetics and emotional intelligence plays more important role than physical power. Classification-JEL: J21. Keywords: The future of women workers, Pinky Working Life, Exploitation, Protection, Positive Discrimination. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197665 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Mala Kar_1 Suçlar1n Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: S1n1r Testi Yakla_1m1 (1970 2007) Author-Name: Hayati AKSU Author-Name: Yakup AKKU^ Abstract: In this article, the effects of the socio-economic factors on the property crimes in Turkey between 1970 and 2007 are analyzed. The econometric model employed for the analysis utilizes inflation rate, unemployment rate and real per capita income as economic variables and the schooling ratio of secondary education as a social variable. The crime model is estimated for Turkey by using Bounds Testing Approach unlike the preceding studies for the first time. The results designate a long term relation (cointegration) between socio-economic factors and property crimes. Short term and long term estimates are in line with each other. It is also found that property crimes in Turkey are affected positively by inflation, unemployment and schooling ratio of secondary education and negatively affected by real per capita income. The most important factor that affects the property crimes is found out as real per capita income in short term as well as long term. Hence, it is concluded that the policies implemented to increase the real per capita income (economic growth) are expected to decrease the property crimes. Classification-JEL: A12, E24, E31, I29, K00, K14, K19. Keywords: Economics of Crime, Property Crimes, Cointegration, Bounds Testing Approach. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197666 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100110 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Evaluation of Structural Fiscal Transformation Reforms in Turkey: Reform Fatigue and Reform Ownership Problems Author-Name: Hakk1 Hakan YILMAZ Abstract: Distinctive features of the IMF supported fiscal adjustment programs is the implementation of structural fiscal reforms. Turkey completed many structural reforms aiming at an efficient market system and an effective public sector from 2000 to 2005. However due to the resistance against the reforms and changes experienced particularly in the second half of 2000 and 2002 and to the lack of  commitment and  ownership in the reforms the reforms were neither designed duly nor implemented completely. Turkey should commit and undertake structural reforms to be performed in public fiscal management. Such commitment necessitates a strategic management for the reforms in the medium term. Classification-JEL: H00, H11, E62. Keywords: Stabilization Programs, Structural Reforms, Fiscal Adjustment. Issue: 2010-1 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197667 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:100111 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Borç Yönetiminde Patronaj Sorunu Author-Name: Haluk EGEL0 Author-Name: Haluk TANDIRCIOLU Abstract: In this paper, first of all important issues in debt management such as functions, principles and aims of debt management will be examined. Then the public department in which the debt management is implemented will be discussed and some evaluations and assessments on necessary implementations of debt management so as to achieve an optimal debt management will be analyzed. As a result monetary, fiscal and independent authorities in this concern will be examined. Classification-JEL: H63. Keywords: Debt Management, Debt Management Functions, Debt Management Principles, Treasury, Central Bank. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197648 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Siyasal Ahlak D1_1 Davran1_lara Farkl1 Bir Çözüm: Anayasal 0ktisat ve Ahlak Anlay1_1 Author-Name: Mustafa SAKAL Author-Name: 0smail K0TAPÇI Abstract: Political morality is the most important element of policy making aim. Political amoral behaviors bring about political and economic corruptions and cause to deviation in the public resource allocation as well. The intersection point of politics and morality doesn t generate positive results for society. It is hard to expect politics to be ethical. Against amoral behaviors, Constitutional Political Economy is a very different solutions. Instead of waiting for politicians to be ethical, Constitutional Political Economy reveals that restriction the unlimited power and authority of politicians for politics doesn t become an institution outside of the morality. Classification-JEL: B3, H3. Keywords: Constitutional Political Economy, Morality (Ethics), Political Morality. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197649 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Constitutional Political Economy, Morality (Ethics), Political Morality. Author-Name: Selma Sevinç ORHAN Author-Name: Ahmet Can BAKKALCI Abstract: China s exports increased by five times over the last two decades and China has become world s third biggest exporter and importer after Germany. Chinese labor markets has been changing, growing and getting richer after The Policy of Open Doors. First of all labor wage has been increasing especially in the Pacific coast of China. This region is one of the most attractive direct foreign investment areas in the world and this structure makes China more important in the global economic system. In the era of US financial crisis China can be seeing as an economic stabilizator against the global recession. Chinese economy produces more and grows rapidly. But Chinese market and labor force shows dual structure. Dual structure of the Chinese economy makes income distribution unfair. One side of the labor market is rich and the other side is poor. Comparative poverty of two sides has been growing and some global impact on World s economy. Classification-JEL: F14, F16, F21, F43. Keywords: Global Economy, Employment, Labor Market, Demographic Windows of Opportunity, China. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197650 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Avrupa Birlii nde Güvenceli Esneklik ve Eilimler Author-Name: Özlem ÇAKIR Abstract: Flexicurity is a concept directed to the flexibility quests of employees and in return, aiming to meet security needs of employers and thus necessitating an agreement between social sides. Although in labor market, flexibility and security stand as two opposite concepts, within the scope of flexicurity term, it is viewed as a medium ensuring harmony between social sides. In implementing flexicurity, simultaneous with flexibility arrangements, there are three elements on the agenda such as employment and income security provision, actualizing this provision after settling an agreement between parties and protecting poor or disadvantaged groups inside or outside labor market. In EU Joint Employment Report it has been projected that flexicurity shall be activated through new regulations on laws, active labor market policies, education and social security system. Accordingly, within EU, due to the differences in economic, social conditions and social politics mediums and resources of countries, they shall inevitably perform a variety of combinations. It has been observed that by making different combinations with income, job and employment securities with various models such as internal, external, quantitative and functional flexibility forms, flexicurity is implemented in different ways throughout Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Germany. Classification-JEL: J4, E24. Keywords: Flexicurity, Flexibility, Security, EU Employment Policy. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197651 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Otomotiv Piyasas1ndaki Özel Tüketim Vergisi 0ndirimlerinin Maliye Sosyolojisi Aç1s1ndan Analizi Author-Name: Duran BÜLBÜL Author-Name: I_1l Fulya ORKUNOLU Abstract: In recent years, there aren t many studies about production, import, export and taxation of Turkish Automotive Sector. This paper s aim is to observe and evaluate quantity of production and foreign trade of the automotive sector in Turkey, which is applicable right after the excise tax incentive. However in this study, used the data of Automotive Sector Society (ODD) and prepared hand-made tables. This tables consists of re-calculating of some automobiles excise tax and value added taxes. Classification-JEL: C12, C20, F14, F23. Keywords: Automotive Sector, Production, Import and Export of Automotive Sector. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197652 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Matching with Restricted Preferences Author-Name: Mustafa Kadir DOAN Abstract: This paper examines the effects of the introduction of restrictions on the statement of preferences in a two sided matching model with incomplete information. The model is similar to the process used for college admissions in Turkey. Colleges have unanimous preferences  students with higher ranking in the national examinations are always preferred. We show that the introduction of the restrictions on statement of students' preferences can result in unstable matching between colleges and students. Classification-JEL: C78, D71. Keywords: Stable Matching, College Admission System. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197653 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Correlation between the Social Genders and Reaction to Tax Author-Name: Murat ^EKER Abstract: In this study, the discovery of a research conducted with 1.000 subjects shall be reviewed in terms of gender difference. The research subject that constitutes the resource of the study is the investigation of taxpayers reactions towards tax. In this respect, initially, the aim and scope of the research shall be identified; later on the demographic info of the research shall be presented and the findings shall be displayed. In the last chapter of the research, the correlation between social gender and reaction to tax shall be reviewed. Classification-JEL: H20, H26, H29. Keywords: Tax, Tax Evasion, Tax Sociology, Tax Consciousness, Gender. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197654 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: ECO Pazar1nda Türkiye: 1997 2005 Dönemi Rekabet Gücü Analizi Author-Name: Nevzat ^0M^EK Author-Name: Said Azizullah SADAT Abstract: ECO is an economic cooperation organization which has revival in 1992 by participation of new members and it has 400 million populations over the 8 million kilometer square area. In this study by employing revealed comparative advantage analyze the competitive of Turkey in the ECO market (except Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan). Our research is based on different measures of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices (in addition to simple Balassa Index) and Vollrath index. The consistency and stability of different measures of RCA is also tested. At the end of measuring Turkey has revealed comparative advantage in the labor material intensive goods and has maintained this advantage for years. But it has revealed comparative disadvantage in raw material intensive goods. Result of these indices gives us the competitiveness of countries in any industry, but does not measure numerical amount of countries comparative advantage or competitiveness exactly. Classification-JEL: F13, F14. Keywords: Competitiveness, Revealed Comparative Advantage, ECO. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197655 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: K1rg1zistan da GSM Operatörleri Mü_terilerinin Fiyat Alg1lamalar1na Yönelik Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Kenan ÖZDEN Author-Name: Kutay OKTAY Abstract: Choosing the right pricing strategies and decisions in marketing of goods and services is strategically important to ensure profitability and other company goals are attained. A number of pricing theories and strategies are in place to testify the importance of pricing. As similar to contemporary marketing activities, consumer oriented approaches to pricing have recently become popular among other pricing strategies. In this view, to measure the price perceptions and paying willingness of consumers is considerably important for pricing strategies. To this end, the research was aimed at customers of GSM operators in Kyrgyzstan to study and to measure their price perceptions and paying willingness for the GSM services, in order to provide primary data to be used for developing pricing strategies of GSM companies. Research findings that have been thoroughly analyzed and processed provide a clear understanding about opportunities and recommendations for the sector covered by the research. A relevant report has been prepared including secondary data as supplied from companies. Classification-JEL: D40, M31. Keywords: Pricing, Pricing Strategies, Consumer Price Perceptions, GSM Services, Kyrgyzstan. Issue: 2009-2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197656 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Aç1klar1 ve Borçlanma 0li_kisi: Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan ve K1rg1zistan Üzerine Bir Uygulama Author-Name: Murat DEM0R Author-Name: Er_an SEVER Abstract: While borrowing is accepted as important source of financing for growth, development and technology producing in developed countries, is accepted as important source of financing for public deficits in some developing countries. As it is known, taxes are the most important financing resources for covering the public expenditures. However, at the periods of time that expenses exceed incomes (while this situation is seen periodically in developed countries, held as a chronic case in developing countries and assessed as an economical instability element that is mostly comes with structural problems.) The most important kinds of alternative financing methods that is used for financing the concerned deficits and that takes place in most theoretical discussions, is domestic and external debt. There are plenty of factors which give shape to the amount and the decisions of private investments in developing countries. Real interest rate is the important factor in this process. Public debt that uses to finance intensively public deficits has crowding out effect on private investment level by high interest rate and affect the growth and development process negatively. On the other hand, public deficits in high level are accepted as the cause of negative progress on most of macro economic variables such as interest rate, economic growth, inflation and public debt. Also, problems those caused by deficit become the reasons that lead to more public deficits and make it more costly. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between public deficits and public debt on the theoretical generally and empirical grounds for Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Classification-JEL: H62, H63. Keywords: Public Deficit, Public Debt, Interest Rate. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197639 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yerel Yönetimlerde Performans Ölçümü ve Benzer Tip Belediyelerde Mali Performans Uygulamalar1 Author-Name: Serpil ACAKAYA Abstract: Implementations of performance measurements and the usage of these measurements in local governments have become more significant. Performance rating contributes to managers and local governments on the issues such as activating the process of decision making, improving performance and the public services, expanding accountability, enhancing budget process and public communication and the participation of citizens/clients. In this study, fiscal performance of municipalities was analyzed using data from Isparta, Afyon, Kütahya local governments for 2002, 2003 and 2004. First, brief information is given about the Project of Performance Rating in the Municipalities (BEPER) and then twenty criteria have been adapted in the evaluation of fiscal performance of municipalities within BEPER. These 20 criteria grouped under 3 categories: general fiscal indicators, revenue and expenditure. Finally, A fiscal performance evaluation was performed from the obtained results. Classification-JEL: H70, H71, H72, H74, H76. Keywords: Local Governments, Performance Measurement, BEPER, Fiscal Performance Indicators. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197640 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vergi Yükümlülerinin Yolsuzlua 0li_kin Tutum ve Tepkileri: Gaziantep Örnei Author-Name: Mehmet KARAKA^ Author-Name: Halit Ç0ÇEK Abstract: Knowing taxpayers point of view with regard to corruption is very important in order to efficient combating corruption. Our study is structured by gathering data from a field study realized in Gaziantep so as to introduce the taxpayers attitudes, and reactions towards corruption. With the completion of the study, it will be reached opinions of taxpayers who are settled in Gaziantep, with respect to their reactions towards corruption, combating corruption, taxes-public services relation, extravagance in public expenditures, etc. Classification-JEL: D73, H20, H29. Keywords: Corruption, Combating Corruption, Taxpayers Corruption Related Reactions. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197641 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Temel Bile_enler Yöntemiyle Türk Sermaye Piyasas1 Geli_iminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkilerinin Bir Analizi Author-Name: Fatih YÜCEL Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. Four different dimensions of stock market development have been combined by using principle components method. In this way, the latent variable for stock market development is constructed from four different proxies and using this variable the relationship between stock market development and economic growth is examined. The analyses show that stock market development has a positive effect on economic growth. Classification-JEL: F20, F36, F43. Keywords: Stock Market Development, Economic Development, Principle Components Method. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197642 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Effects of Economic Growth on Democratization in Transition Economies: A Panel Data Approach Author-Name: Selim BA^AR Author-Name: Ali Çalar GÜLLÜCE Author-Name: ^aduman YILDIZ Abstract: Democratization had occurred in a long historical process and had developed itself by having different evolutions. It had been claimed that democratization was based on some social conditions until 1959. However, Lipset (1959) suggested that democracy is based not only on social conditions but also on economic growth. Relationships between economic growth and democratization have been a significant issue for many studies particularly in the last three decades. Within this study, the effects of economic growth on democratization have been investigated by using a panel data set for 1993-2005 periods for 24 transition economies. According to the estimating results, democratization process is positively affected by income level. Whilst democratization level is negatively affected by increasing population, the effect of inflation is ambiguous. Classification-JEL: C12, I00, O10. Keywords: Democracy, Economic Growth, Panel Data. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197643 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0kiz Aç1klar Hipotezi: Teorik Çerçeve ve Hipoteze Yönelik Yakla_1mlar Author-Name: Ahmet Atilla UUR Author-Name: Pelin KARATAY Abstract: Twin deficit hypothesis is a phenomenon came up with there is a relation between budget deficit and current account deficit. Whether there is causality relation between these two means of evidence and, if there is a relation, searching course of causality is critically important. Actuality of twin deficit hypothesis and interaction between budget deficit and current account deficit is positive have been determinative at economic policies of open economies. There isn t a consensus at studies about twin deficit hypothesis. Coming upon is possible both Classical Approach which accepted actuality of theory and Ricardo s Equivalence Hypothesis which come up with there isn t a relation between budget deficit and current account deficit. Also Monetary Approach holds a place in studies about this caseuous. Classification-JEL: H62, F11, H30. Keywords: Budget Deficit, Current Account Deficit, Twin Deficit Hypothesis. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197644 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Kamu Yönetiminde 0nsan Kaynaklar1 Bilgi Sistemi Üzerine Author-Name: Ercüment AYDIN Author-Name: Mustafa Kemal ÖKTEM Abstract: While the information technology is rapidly changing in this century, organizations are required to develop and adapt themselves in this environment in order to survive. Public organizations have changing their recruitment processes, training, performance management and other human resource management procedures to adapt themselves to technological improvements.  E-Human Resource Management allows personnel to participate in the applications actively, resulting in an increase in job satisfaction. Public organizations try to use this technology for being transparent and effective. In terms of Total Quality approach, e-applications of organizations are playing a role in increasing satisfaction levels of internal and external stakeholders. Classification-JEL: M12. Keywords: Human Resources, E-Human Resources, E-government, Information Systems. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197645 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sermaye Kontrolleri: Nedenleri, Türleri ve Ülke Deneyimleri Author-Name: Nagehan KESK0N Abstract: In the 1980s many developing countries that have removed the restrictions on the capital movements by adopting financial liberalization policies to eliminate the source shortages have experienced severe financial crises which are becoming frequent at intervals. These crises occurred in developing countries and the problems they created raised the arguments about the capital flows to developing countries. Therefore the opinions emphasizing the necessity of taking measures to restrict these movements have become a current issue. The purpose of this study is to analyze and make a general evaluation of capital controls that come into question in order to remove the effects of the international capital movements causing instability on economies of developing countries after consecutive financial crises that occurred in the 1990s from the perspective of reasons, types and various country experiences. Classification-JEL: F30, F32, G15, G18. Keywords: Capital Controls, Financial Crises, Tobin Tax, Malaysia, Chile. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197646 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yolsuzluk Olgusunun Ortaya Ç1kmas1nda Asimetrik Bilginin Rolü: Teorik Bir Bak1_ Aç1s1 Author-Name: Enver Alper GÜVEL Author-Name: Ahmet Y1lmaz ATA Abstract: Difference of information among economic agents leads one side to have more information relatively to the other side in economic transactions. The issue of asymmetric information may cause market failure like corruption. In this framework, the existence of asymmetric information could lay the groundwork for opportunism in economic transactions and increase transaction costs. Therefore the circumstances of corruption come out. Economic agents make a benefit of information superiority because of their institutions of self-interesting. In this paper, the effect of asymmetric information in economic structure on the issue of corruption is analyzed. In this context, this effect is evaluated in the framework of two kind of microeconomic methods such as  Principal- Agents Model and  Game Theory . Classification-JEL: D02, D40, D72, D73, D82. Keywords: Corruption, Asymmetric Information, Game Theory. Issue: 2009-1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197647 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:090109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The New Pay System Requires Encouraging and Performance-oriented leaders: Experiences of performance related pay in three Finnish State Government Organizations Author-Name: Kirsi LÄHDESMÄKI Abstract: Performance related pay (PRP) intends to make the civil service perform better. It can foster individual motivation by recognizing efforts and achievements and rewarding them. PRP can help improve performance when it is applied properly in the right managerial context. In this article the PRP is viewed as a management tool. The leader is expected to facilitate change and adaptation for result-orientated culture, and to discuss about work performance and results. The leader should also create an improved employeemanager dialogue and a climate that supports organizational and individual learning. As a coach the supervisor helps subordinates constantly reaching better results. Classification-JEL: M59. Keywords: Performance Related Pay System, Leadership and Management Roles. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197629 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mükelleflerin Vergiye Kar_1 Tutum ve Davran1_lar1n1 Etkileyen Çe_itli Dei_kenler Aras1ndaki 0li_kinin Analizi Author-Name: Ali ÇEL0KKAYA Author-Name: Hüseyin GÜRBÜZ Abstract: Taxpayer s attitudes and behaviors play an important role in fulfillment of tax liabilities. This study examines the significant relations between taxpayer s attitudes and behaviors and age, sexuality, education, audit frequency, and amnesty. Findings reveal important insights in addressing tax evasion. The research uses chi square analyses in exploring 1750 responses collected trough a questionnaire. The researchers have collected data through a survey containing 48 questions. A representative Turkish city, Eski_ehir, and random sampling have been chosen for data collection. Findings have been reported in related tables and figures. The results have revealed the factors and the ways they influence the compliance of taxpayers in Turkey. The findings have also been used to recommend necessary changes in Turkish Tax Law. Classification-JEL: H24, H26, C42, C39. Keywords: Taxpayer s Attitudes and Behaviors, Tax Evasion, Chi Square Analyses. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197630 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mikrofinans Sistemi ve Ticari Bankalar1n Mikrofinans Sistemindeki Yeri Author-Name: Emine ÖNER Author-Name: P1nar OKAN Author-Name: Soner GÖKTEN Author-Name: Nevzat AYPEK Abstract: Currently, approximately one fifth of the world s population try to live with less than 1 dollar per day and the challenge with the poverty becomes more important as time goes on. Microfinance system, which becomes important while challenging with poverty, consists of financial services and credits for poor people in order to work for their own living and discover their potentials. Microfinance system, which came into the scene with the presentation of micro credit service in the years of 1970s, was made broader as a result of being understood that poor people needs financial services such as savings, insurance, and cash transfer services rather than loans. As new institutions are established, the service spectrum of microfinance is expanded that is to say there is a diversification of financial products. As a matter of fact, since the years of 1990s while nongovernmental organizations transform into commercial banks or specialized financial institutions, commercial banks also began to present microfinance services by using different models. In this study, microfinance system, successful microfinance institutions that transformed from nongovernmental organizations to commercial banks and models of commercial banks using to present microfinance services are examined in order to provide contribution to microfinance applications in Kyrgyzstan. Classification-JEL: G21, G23, L31. Keywords: Poverty, Microcredit, Microfinance, Microfinance Institution, Commercial Banks. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197631 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Kamu Tüketim Harcamas1 ve Özel Tüketim: Orta Asya Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi Author-Name: Recep DÜZGÜN Author-Name: Emine B0LG0L0 Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether government consumption expenditures affect private consumption in terms of fiscal policy effectiveness. The paper, which is based on data regarding Central Asian Countries (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan), includes Panel Data Analysis for the period 1990-2003. In the first section, we explain theoretical background. After that, we analyze Central Asia Countries economic structures. The results of Panel Data Analysis are given in the third section. According to empirical evidence, government consumption expenditures tend to crowd out private consumption. In other words, fiscal policy is not effective as expected. On the other hand, disposable income has positive effect on private consumption. Classification-JEL: C22, E21. Keywords: Government Consumption, Private Consumption, Panel Data Analysis. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197632 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de 0hracatta Uygulanan KDV 0adesinin 0hracata Etkisi: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz Author-Name: Hakan TÜRKAY Author-Name: Hilmi ÜNSAL Abstract: In today s global world, some of the foreign policy instruments those are implemented by governments to reach their aimed growth rates are export promotion policies. In this manner, the tax incentives can be thought as one of the leading promoting tool. As a tax incentive, VAT refund system of export regime has always been an important issue. No empirical study has completed yet in Turkey on the topic. This paper deals with its empirical analysis of the effectiveness of VAT refund system. Classification-JEL: H20. Keywords: Export, Export Incentives, Tax Refund. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197633 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effects of Fiscal Policy Rules on Fiscal Balance: The Perspectives on Turkish Economy Author-Name: Hayal Ayça ^0M^EK Author-Name: Ay_e GÜNAY BEKÂR Abstract: In public finance theory fiscal rules have been one of the main stabilization tools in obtaining budget balance and public finance balance. Many developed and developing countries have implemented specific fiscal policy rules so as to struggle with domestic distortions in economy. Balanced budget or deficit rules, borrowing rules and debt or reserve rules have been the most important rules that have been implemented in specific countries. A fiscal rule should ensure the solvency of the state, contribute to sustainability of fiscal policies by avoiding pro-cyclical behavior of the fiscal policy instruments and be simple and credible so as to be implemented effectively. In Turkish economy a specific form of a fiscal rule has been implemented since 2000 economic crisis. During 2000-07 period the Governments used a specific form of fiscal policy rule  non-interest budget surplus of 6,5 percent- so as to reduce instability. Although strict fiscal policies based on this target helped public finance balance to improve, they led private investments to decrease and unemployment rates to increase in the long run. Classification-JEL: H62, H68, K00. Keywords: Fiscal Policy Rules, Public Finance Balance, Non-interest Budget Surplus. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197634 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Otel 0_letmelerinin Menü Planlamas1nda Yarat1c1l1k, Yenilikçilik, Giri_imcilik Faaliyetleri Üzerine Bir Ara_t1rma Author-Name: Mete SEZG0N Author-Name: Muammer ZERENLER Author-Name: Abdullah KARAMAN Abstract: Menu planning plays an important role about the ease of finding and purchasing suitable ingredients, their processing and providing quality and standardization. Especially from the perspective of hotels the aim of creativity and providing innovations is beneficial for the establishment regarding to the materials usage and their usage amounts and meeting the expectations of customers from the process of purchasing to production and from production to service. This paper contains a comparative analysis related to the menu plans of 3-4-5 star hotels. First part of the study mentions to the market researches of menu plans and innovation efforts and the second part mention to the results of a questionnaire which is based on the menu plans and innovativeness of 3- 4-5 star hotels. Analysis is carried out by SPSS software. The importance of innovativeness and creativity in menu planning is mentioned and the modifications that are necessary to be done in the accommodation establishments are summarized as a comparative analysis. Classification-JEL: L66, L83. Keywords: Food and Beverage Sector, Menu Planning, Innovation and Creativeness. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197635 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Municipal Finance in Transitional Countries Author-Name: Harvey SCHWARTZ Abstract: This paper looks at how municipalities are financed in transitional and nontraditional economies. Transitional economies are moving from a traditional, planned or regulated economy to a free market economy. Transitional economies are also undergoing economic liberation by letting market forces set prices. These economies undergo restructuring and privatization by moving from the public to the private ownership of resources. The transition process leads to private property rights which are the basic element of a free market economy. Transitional economies are found in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Central and South America. Classification-JEL: R51. Keywords: Municipal Public Finance, Traditional Countries. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197636 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geli_mekte Olan Ülkelerde Döviz Kuru Rejimi Tercihi: Yerel Sorunlara Global Çözümler Author-Name: Rüstem YANAR Abstract: This paper argues  bipolar hypothesis from the emerging markets perspective. According to this hypothesis, with high capital mobility the only viable exchange rate regime choice is between  hard pegs and  free floating . Indeed today the advanced countries are either float or part of Monetary Union. But in Emerging Markets are different from Advanced. This paper investigates choice of exchange rate regime in 25 emerging countries after 1973. In these countries, intermediate regimes exist as implicit or explicit because of economic and financial characteristics,  original sin and  fear of floating . Classification-JEL: F41, F42, F59. Keywords: Exchange Rate Regime, Bipolarity Hypothesis, Emerging Market Countries. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197637 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tax Burden of Economic Sectors in Kyrgyz Republic Author-Name: Hicheza FYNCHINA Abstract: In the theory there are different methods of calculation tax burden, each of them has the advantages and lacks. Advantage of two-parametrical model consists in simplicity measurements and validity. Model it is based on parameters of material capacity and labor -intensiveness of the enterprise. The author realizes idea of use of the constructed matrix for definition of tax burden of sectors of economy of the Kyrgyz Republic, using statistical data of the finance of the enterprises. The analyses of these parameters testify: 1) about a weight level of tax burden of subjects of economy; 2) its uneven distribution; 3) inefficient system of the taxation which generates sources of shadow economy. Classification-JEL: H20, H21, H26. Keywords: Tax, Tax Burden, Material Capacity, Labor-Intensiveness. Issue: 2008-2 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197638 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080210 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bir Geçi_ Ekonomisi Olarak K1rg1zistan 1n D1_ Borçlar1n1n Sürdürebilirlii Author-Name: Hüseyin Avni EGEL0 Author-Name: Haluk EGEL0 Abstract: Resources (external sources, external savings) gathered from other countries carries out two major functions from the point of country which utilizes those sources. First one is a function to cover the gap in savings; second one is a function to cover the gap in foreign exchange. Looking at the issue from the perspective of developing countries which exerted striving efforts towards development it may be revealed that both functions of external sources are also important. In this paper,  foreign debts which constitutes a major portion in overall external sources both in Kyrgyzstan and in many developing countries will be tackled and Kyrgyzstan s foreign debt progresses from transition period to present will be put forward. Besides, an econometric method will be applied as directed towards measuring the country s long term debt solvency. Within this frame, the sustainability of Kyrgyzstan s foreign debts will be analyzed through the execution of certain  unit root and  cointegration tests. Classification-JEL: C22, F34, O53. Keywords: Foreign Debt, Sustainability, Transitional Economies, Unit Root, Cointegration. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197621 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye nin Avrupa Birlii ne Üyelii Sürecinde Türk Ulusal Ajans1 Author-Name: Hasan ÜNSAL Abstract: EU with education and youth programmes aims to improve quality of life of people and enhance the peace and prosperity in public. Parallel to their project organizing ability and the capability of establishing their National Agencies, EU countries have been benefiting from the programmes since 1997. Participation efforts to the programmes of union Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci and Youth was started by EU Education and Youth Programmes Center (National Agency) which became an independent institution with a law came into force in August 2003. Classification-JEL: H83. Keywords: National Agency, European Union, Turkey, Education, Comission. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197622 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Aile Mahkemelerinin Yap1s1 ve Kararlar1 Üzerine Genel Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Çalar ÖZEL Author-Name: Erol TATAR Abstract: Family court is a new concept in the Turkish legal system, although it has a history in many states, particularly in USA. The main legal arrangement about family courts, which came into force on 18 January 2003, is act numbered 4787. The fundamental aim is protection of the family in the act. But the ultimate goal is to form a healthy society such as other countries. Function of the family courts is determined in the act. The basic function is to find solutions for disputes depending on family law. Features of the judges and officers of the family courts are different from the other courts. But there is not a professional proceeding. Protection of family, ending of engagement, decisions related with marriage process, divorce process, relationships, recognition and enforcement are fundamental court decisions of the family courts. Classification-JEL: K36. Keywords: Family Courts, Judge of Family Court, Family Court Officers, Family Court Decisions. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197623 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Corruption in Kyrgyzstan Author-Name: Kamalbek KARYMSHAKOV Author-Name: Yzat ABDYKAPAROV Abstract: This paper proceeding from the results of recent empirical studies and theoretical arguments on corruption in economic literature attempts to show the factors causing corruption and focuses on some facts of its consequences in Kyrgyzstan. Literature on corruption defines main causes of corruption as: 1) Excessive regulatory burden; 2) Weak juridical system; 3) Level of political competition and democracy; 4) Sociological factors; 5) Low wages in public sector Results of application of regression analysis on some causes of corruption in Kyrgyzstan correspond to these arguments. In particularly, relatively high levels of negative relations with corruption have proxies for regulatory burden and for the juridical system. Despite the secretive nature of corruption and difficulty in determining clearly the cost of corruption, some facts on the economic consequences of corruption prove the high cost of corruption in Kyrgyzstan economy. Classification-JEL: E62, H1, H41, K4. Keywords: Corruption, Law Enforcement, Regulatory Burden. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197624 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Ekonomik 0stikrar1 Salamada Maliye Politikas1 Uygulamalar1 (Bir Ampirik Çal1_ma: 1980  2006) Author-Name: Yusuf AKAN Author-Name: 0brahim ARSLAN Author-Name: Selahattin KAYNAK Abstract: In this study we tried to examine the effects of Fiscal Policy on Economic Stability in Turkey. As well as theoretical relationship of variables such as economic stability, economic development and equitable income distributions, their development and application especially after 1980 in Turkey are also studied. This study investigates the causal relations between Fiscal Policy and Economic Stability for the economy of Turkey by using Unit root test, Regression analysis and a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model over the period of 1980-2006. Classification-JEL: E62, E24. Keywords: Fiscal Policy, Economic Stability, Turkish Economy, VAR Model. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197625 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Aras1ndaki 0li_kide Finansal Sistemin Rolü  K1rg1zistan Örnei Author-Name: Soner GÖKTEN Author-Name: P1nar OKAN Author-Name: Emine ÖNER Author-Name: Nevzat AYPEK Abstract: The performance of the financial system can be evaluated in several dimensions. The primary determinant factor in economic welfare dimension is efficiency of financial system. Savings are transferred to entrepreneurships by financial institutions in the countries where the financial system is efficient. In the contrary, all investments are made by the savers in the countries where financial system is least efficient. Investments done by savers prevent using of savings for productive aims. In such a process, the relationship between the savings and economic growth becomes insignificant. Although saving expenses in high amounts, the economic growth is not increased in the same level. In this sense, strengthen the financial system provides an increase in the economic growth by savings. Also, as the financial system is in the control of the government, this prevents the usage of savings towards the productive aims. So, it is a factor that decelerates the economic growth. In this study, the role, operation, and importance of the financial system in transferring savings into investments in a way of increasing the economic growth are discussed for emerging countries and Kyrgyzstan. Classification-JEL: O18, R10, R11, R12, G15, G29, G32. Keywords: Financial System, Economic Growth, Saving. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197626 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geçi_ Ekonomilerinde Bütçe Aç1klar1n1n Nedenleri: Polonya ve K1rg1zistan Örnei Author-Name: Naz1m ÇATALBA^ Author-Name: Zubeyr YILDIRIM Abstract: Following the demolition of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, countries governed by central planned economy preferred market economy. This preference led to a transition process for economies of countries. The countries in this process are called  transition economies . The countries in the transition process faced various macroeconomical problems due to such structural factors as social, political and economical disagreements. This study focuses on the problem of budget deficit and on its causes in transition economies. Among the East European countries, Poland and, among the Central Asia countries, Kyrgyzstan was chosen for the study as they represent transition economies. The criterion for this choice was that both countries play a leading role in their regions as they have carried out the necessary financial reforms. Among the most important causes of this problem in transitional economies are financial structural differences found in two different economical systems. Such factors as the lack of sources in transition economies, the lack of experiences in market economy, economical and financial structural problems, and as the increasing and leading role of the country in the new process cause various economical and financial problems, especially deficit in the budget. Classification-JEL: P30, P35, H62. Keywords: Transitional Economies, Public Finance, Budget Deficit. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197627 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Enflasyon ve Enflasyon Belirsizlii: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Serkan ERKAM Abstract: This study is an attempt to investigate the causality structure between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Turkey for the period of 1982-2008. Empirical findings based on the ARCH, GARCH and PARCH estimates of the autoregressive inflation models support the hypothesis that inflation itself is a source of inflation uncertainty in Turkey. Also a short-run causality from greater inflation uncertainty to higher rates of inflation is found in some models. This implies that there is a central bank incentive of creating inflation surprises during periods of increased inflation uncertainty in Turkey. Classification-JEL: C32, E31. Keywords: Inflation, Inflation Uncertainty, Granger-Causality, GARCH Models. Issue: 2008-1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197628 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:080108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth in the Kyrgyz Republic Author-Name: Harun YAKI^IK Abstract: Most fundamental macroeconomic objective of the most other countries, as well as the Kyrgyz Republic, is to sustain low inflation rates together with high economic growth. Recently, the relationships between inflation and economic growth have been hotly debated. These works investigate relationship between inflation and economic growth. Ultimately, it has been tested whether a meaningful relationship is held in the Kyrgyz Republic. The considered period consists of 10 years (1995-2005). Regression for economic growth has been used with Kumtor and without Kumtor, because influence of activities of the gold mining company is significant and can  wipe off influences of other macroeconomic factors. Classification-JEL: E52, E31, O47, O53. Keywords: Monetary Policy, Inflation, Economic Growth, Economic Policy. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197613 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Zorunlu Tar1m Sigortalar1n1n Uygulanabilirlii Author-Name: Mür_it I^IK Author-Name: Arzu KAN Abstract: It is apparent that the agricultural industry needs to be protected for the sake of future generations. For a long time, a systematic policy could not be established to protect agricultural industry from disasters in Turkey. One of the most hectic insurance types with respect to its application is the agricultural insurances which are established by the insurance premiums paid by farmers facing similar risks and these funds are used for the compensation of the aggrieved farmers losses. The Agricultural Insurances Act, numbered 5363 and dated 14.06.2005, is accepted as a major initiative which is similar to the developed countries policies. This study emphasizes the applicability of agricultural insurances as compulsory insurance though the regency of this act. Classification-JEL: Q18, G22. Keywords: Agricultural Insurance, Compulsory Insurance, Disasters, Assurances. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197614 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Enformel Sektör ve Yoksulluk: Kentsel 0_gücü Pazar1 Üzerine Etkileri, 0stanbul ve Gaziantep Örnekleri Author-Name: Neriman AÇIKALIN Abstract: An informal economy has always been widespread in Turkey. However, especially after the 1980s neo-liberal political economic policies, there has been a rapid growth in the informal sector which can be called  unprotected sector for the workers involved. The job opportunities created in this sector are mostly casual, temporary, and payments are low which leads to new urban poor. It will be based on a research which was carried out in two cities, Istanbul and Gaziantep. A questionnaire, deep interviews and focus groups with the poor households were applied. Classification-JEL: A14. Keywords: Working Poor, New Urban Poor, Informal Sector. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197615 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 1982 Sonras1nda Türkiye de Uygulanan Turizm Politikalar1n1n Çanakkale Turizmine Etkileri Author-Name: Muhte_em ÖZTÜRK SÖZEN Abstract: Canakkale, holding cultural, touristy, and historical wealth, has always been a popular place for tourists. The Tourism Incentive Law effectuated in 1982, enlivened the tourism sector in Canakkale via the provided various economical encouragements, and increased credit facilities for private sector besides enabling the formation of many facilities. While the number of the recorded facilities in Canakkale was 85 in the year of 1082, this number has increased up to 177 in the year 2005. According to the data gathered by the Under secretariat of Treasure; the documents on incentives concerning tourism investment only covers a share of 0.93% over the total investments in Canakkale between the years 1982 and 2006, and this depicts that Canakkale has not achieved the share it deserves in tourism sector. Within these years, the infrastructure of the city, the transportation system attempted to be improved within the frame of Incentive Planning and there was a sufficient progress in educational and environmental policies in Canakkale. Classification-JEL: R58. Keywords: Çanakkale, Tourism, Tourism Pilicies, Tourism Incentive Precautions, Tourism Investments. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197616 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Eski_ehir de Tamamlay1c1 ve Alternatif T1p Kullan1m1 Author-Name: Oya Beklân ÇET0N Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the types and the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), as well as the factors affecting the use of CAM in Eski_ehir, Turkey. 300 respondents were selected randomly from the city center and questionnaires were applied. Results show that 60%of the respondents use different types of CAM. Sociodemographic characteristics did not show any significant effect on the overall use of CAM. However, accessibility and the costs of health services had significant effects on the overall use of CAM. Classification-JEL: I19. Keywords: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Health Status, Health Services, Eskisehir. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197617 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Karbon Vergisinin Ekonomik Analizi ve Etkileri: Karbon Vergisinin Emisyon Azalt1c1 Etkisi Var M1? Author-Name: Hakan HOTUNLUOLU Author-Name: Recep TEKEL0 Abstract: Last few years a subject that includes both the human and the nature has attracted the attention of tax theoreticians and researchers, i.e. Carbon Tax. The work on this subject has been developing in the international literature but in Turkey there is a lack of sufficient study carried out on this subject. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of Carbon Tax as a means of fiscal policy to reduce the carbon emission. By employing data on 18 European countries over the period of 1995  2003, we aim to test econometrically whether Carbon Tax has achieved its aim, or not. Our paper finds out that the use of Carbon Tax has not been effective to reduce the amount of emission. Classification-JEL: H23, I18, C23. Keywords: Environmental Taxes, Green Taxes, Ecological Taxes. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197618 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Kay1t d1_1 Ekonomi Olgusu, Bu Olguyu Azaltmaya Yönelik Çözüm Aray1_lar1 ve Bir Öneri: Rasyo Analizi Yoluyla Etkin Bir 0nceleme Sisteminin Olu_turulmas1 Author-Name: Suphi ASLANOLU Author-Name: Seyfi YILDIZ Abstract: Shadow economy which consists of all commerce on which applicable taxes are being evaded, leads to missleading macro economic indicators and thus application of irrational economic policies. In this contex, today, shadow economy is one of the most important problems that face all economies, developing or develeoped alike. It is generally accepted that shadow economy consists of significant part of Turkish economy. Negative effects of shadow economy on economies, necessitate measures are being taken to combat shadow economy. One of the most urgent measures for reducing the size of shadow economy is putting auditing system in place and takes measure to ensure its effectivenes. In Turkey, auditing ratio is much lower and the size of shadow economy is increasing significantly. Therefore, it a must be develop effective auditing system that includes alternative auditing technigues. Ratio analyzis is one of important tools for tax auditing. This study focuses on ratio analyzis in order to reduce the size of shadow economy. Classification-JEL: O17, O40, M42. Keywords: Shadow Economy, Ratio Analysis, Auditing System, Control. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197619 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geçi_ Ekonomilerinde Kamu Borçlar1n1n Finansal Piyasalar Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Mahmut YARDIMCIOLU Abstract: When we look at countries that adopt free (open) financial system, matters that were experienced at the passing years is same for integration of system. Liberal economic and financial structuring was put into practice in 1980s by Turkey was seen to bring dept burden that has no chance to cycle into country balance sheets in effect with populist policies. In the case of assessment at the world scale, since tax revenue is deficient for public expenditures, financing public finance through borrowing is essential. In order to cycle debts, applying financial markets continuously cause funds that will be used by private sector transfer to government and increase interest rates. In this study, the effects of public borrowing on the financial markets in transitional economies will be analyzed with sample of Turkey. The aim is to provide data and analyzes that can be sample for Turkish Republics. Classification-JEL: G14, H63, M21. Keywords: Financial Markets, Public Debts, Transitional Economies. Issue: 2007-2 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197620 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Uluslararas1 Sermaye Hareketlerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Türkiye Örnei Author-Name: Sevcan GÜNE^ Abstract: With the liberalization of financial instruments since 1980, the movements of short term capitals have increased. Short-term capital flows are volatile and sensitive to macroeconomic developments, interest rates and real exchange rates. Provided that credibility and political stability, the country will receive more stable and sustainable (long-term) capital flows. In this study, the relationship between the short-term capital flows and the real exchange rate, real interest rate and credibility is first being held on a global basis, and then analyzed econometrically by using Turkey as an example. Classification-JEL: F32 Keywords: Financial Liberalization, Short Term Capital Flows, Real Exchange Rate and Real Interest Rate Arbitrages. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197606 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Burjuva S1n1f1n1n Sosyal Profili Author-Name: M. Zeki DUMAN Abstract: Bourgeoisie is the major social class that made major social and cultural evolution, economic and politic revolution together with industrial capitalism. In this process bourgeoisie which based on capitalist marker relations, production instruments, capital accumulation, was not only an economic power but also a power which transform social, politic and cultural structures. In this essay I will discuss bourgeoisie s historical development and class/interest conflicts with bureaucracy. On this purpose Turkish bourgeoisie s origins, which takes its power from the relations with the state s bureaucratic and economic relations rather than social and cultural capital, with analyze. Classification-JEL: A14, L26, N80, O11. Keywords: Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, Capital, Social Class, National Economy. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197607 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Giri_imciliin Geli_tirilmesinde KOSGEB in Rolü ve Önemi: Uygulamal1 Bir Çal1_ma Author-Name: Mustafa Kemal ÖKTEM Author-Name: Mehmet Devrim AYDIN Author-Name: Serdar EK0NC0 Abstract: In this study, entrepreneurship development and support services of KOSGEB (Small and Medium Industry Development Organization), one of the leading organizations aiming at the advancement of entrepreneurship in Turkey, were examined in three different areas. By using three different questionnaires, a survey has been conducted at SME s in OST0M; incubators in METU-KOSGEB Technology Development Center, and KOSGEB Entrepreneurship Courses. 92 people including firm owners and course attendants were covered in the study. As a result, the study concludes that KOSGEB can raise its effectiveness in developing entrepreneurship in Turkey by eliminating the deficiencies cited in the study. Classification-JEL: L26, O25, O31 Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Incubator. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197608 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Optimum Para Alanlar1 Teorisi Author-Name: It1r ÖZER Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the optimum currency areas (OCA) theory which has provided an important theoretical framework for the European economic and monetary integration. OCA theory aims to define the optimal geographic domain of a single currency, and it can be examined in three phases. The pioneering phase in the 1960s and early 1970s, which has started by the seminal contribution of Mundell (1961), has been followed by reconciliation phase of the 1970s. In the third phase, OCA theory has been reassessed and the theory has been tested with empirical studies. In this study, the endogeneity of OCA has also been dealt with. Classification-JEL: F15. Keywords: Economic and Monetary Union, Optimum Currency Areas, Endogeneity. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197609 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effects of Free Trade Agreements on Turkish Economy Author-Name: Turan ATILGAN Author-Name: Seher KANAT Abstract: The rise of globalization trends in economical, social, technological, legal and political areas all over the world brings partnerships and associations of countries in its train. These partnerships and associations can be either regional or dual. Free trade agreement (FTA) is an activity of gradually increasing importance among the countries that participate in partnerships and associations. Moreover free trade agreement is one of the most advanced models of economical partnership between the countries that take part in the agreement. Besides free trade agreements have goals of promoting economical partnerships between the countries that take part in the agreement and abolishing the obstacles on the transfer of services and products whereas these agreements aim the development of political, technological and social relationships between these countries. As a result of international economical and political integration that has accelerated rapidly since 2000, free trade agreements are signed by Turkey. In a way, these pacts provide the growth of Turkish foreign trade and in another way; they help the firms and associations to open up for the international competition. The effects of free trade agreements signed by Turkey on Turkish economy and foreign trade are discussed in this study. Classification-JEL: F13. Keywords: Free Trade Agreement, Foreign Trade, Turkish Foreign Trade Policy, Exportation and Importation. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197610 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Büyük_ehir Belediyelerine Küre-Yerelle_me (Glocalization) ve Yerellik (Subsidiarity) Kavramlar1 Çerçevesinde Bir Bak1_ Author-Name: Hürriyet OLGUN Abstract: During post-80 s it was observed that  localization is another issue that received attention next to  globalisation . Being a combination of the English words:  global and  localization ,  glocalization has recently become a widely used word and concept. Again, another concept that arise parallel to glocalization is the concept of  subsidiarity (locality). In this process, governence of cities shifted away from the responsibilities of the Nation State with clear boundaries, into the hands of corporations which are cooperating with multinational, international or supernational organisations where capital owners also are involved in. The municipalities in Turkey have therefore become the units that contribute to practically exercising the concept of  glocalization and its existance in daily life. Classification-JEL: F01, F02, F13, F15, F23, F33, F53, G2, G20, G21, H7, H72, H76, H8, H81, H83, O1, O16, O19, R, R0, R53. Keywords: Municipality, Metropol City, Globalisation, Glocalization, Localization, Subsidiarity. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197611 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Postmodernizm: Farkl1l1klar Politikas1 ve Küreselle_me Author-Name: Müslüm TURAN Abstract: Nowadays, it appears that the sense of universe and human kind lost their meanings is an irresistible phenomenon. This kind of sensitivity towards universe and human kind essentially stems from the rift between politics and power, and as a result this situation leads social realm s falling out of the scope of determination and control. People are more and more subject to effects of actors of whom in their essence nonpolitical, these actors, among others, financial markets and meta markets. Because of the adoption of ambiguity created by global market by people, in most general terms, mental self-discipline completeness is going to be dissolved. During this process, extension of the idea that human is nothing is resulted by covering of the big parcel of contemporary thought by categories like crisis, dissolution, impermanence and distrust. Classification-JEL: Z13. Keywords: Capitalism, Postmodernism, Ambiguity, Globalization. Issue: 2007-1 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197612 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:070107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bankac1l1k Sektörü ve Devlet Müdahaleleri: Politik Devresel Dalgalanmalar Çerçevesinde Türk Bankac1l1k Sektörü Etkinlik Analizi Author-Name: Selma Akta_ ^en Abstract: This study aims at bringing in a different point of view on government interventions to banking sector by measuring efficiency of Turkish banking sector in the framework of political business cycles. In the study, an efficiency analysis application, using DEA, is made with three different input-output sets with regard to public banks, private banks and the whole sector in the period of 1960-2004. Furthermore, the determining role of political business cycles on the inefficiency of Turkish banking sector is analysed with Tobit regressions. According to the results of the study, when 1960-2004 periods was evaluated as a whole, the efficiency of Turkish banking sector displays a very unstable structure. Besides, there is a negative relationship between the election periods and the efficiency of the banks in the framework of political business cycles. Classification-JEL: C14, C24, C67, E32, E42, E44, G21, G28, H41, H59, L51, P16. Keywords: Government Intervention, Political Business Cycles (PBC), Banking, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Tobit Regression. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197598 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Sal1k ve Ekonomik Büyüme Aras1ndaki Nedensellik 0li_kisi Author-Name: Sami Taban Abstract: In addition to the education which constitutes of the main resource of human capital, the level of health of society is another important element to foster and contribute to the human capital as well. Therefore, it can be argued that there is a close relationship between the health level of society and economic development. In the highly developed societies, both allocated resources for the health and the conscious of the individuals are increased. Moreover, the level of development also accelerates the economic growth by increasing the productivity. In this study, the relationship between the selected health indicators and economic growth are econometrically investigated in terms of causality in Turkey. As health indicators, we have used the life expectancy of at birth, the number of beds of the medical institutions, the number of medical institutions and the number of persons per healthcare provider. While the causality test results indicate that any causality relationship between the number of medical institutions and real GDP growth could not be seen, bidirectional causality has been found between the other health indicators and real GDP growth. Classification-JEL: I10, O40, C32 Keywords: Health, Economic Growth, Causality, Turkey. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197599 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Ticaretin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Teorik Bir Yakla_1m Author-Name: Fatih Yücel Abstract: There are numerous studies in the international economy literature about foreign trade. The most important part of them is consisting of empirical studies. Lots of proxies and variables are used in foreign trade models for determinants of foreign trade. The models are formed from some foreign trade approaches are benefited. In this study, the factors which are affected to determine export and import demands and basic approaches which are used in the foreign trade models have been investigated from theoretical view. Classification-JEL: F10, F11, F12, F40, F41. Keywords: Foreign Trade, Determinants of Foreign Trade, Approaches of Foreign Trade. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197600 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 0ktisatta Matematiksel Yakla_1m Sorunu Author-Name: Cevat Bilgin Abstract: This study attempts to assess the mathematical approach as a methodical instrument in economics. Mathematical methods have been preferred to verbal approach for the reason of clearance and definiteness of math. Therefore theoretical arguments turn out to be more supportive in respect to systematic coherence. In spite of this fact, there have been various assertions about the role of math in economics. Two of them are noteworthy; some argue that mathematical methods provide concrete basis for theorizing. Others claim that over-usage of math with the absence of profound theoretical background might give unfruitful outcomes for the sake of reality and the reliability of economic theory. In this study, these points of view are considered in the way of evaluating their reasoning that lead different comments. Classification-JEL: A12, B16, B23, B40, B41, C02. Keywords: Mathematical method, mathematical economics, economic theory. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197601 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yolsuzlukla Mücadelede Uluslararas1 Örgütler Author-Name: Musa Kayrak Abstract: Corruption is a worldwide phenomenon that hinders economic development of countries, efficient allocation of resources and fair distribution of national income. Contribution of international organizations to struggle against corruption is crucially important so as to complement the efforts in both state level and civil society level. International organizations are integral part of anticorruption efforts since they provide countries with opportunity to discuss the issue in detail; to elicit information about successful experiences of other countries; to reinforce their own anticorruption strategy and to take preventive measures in international environment. This study is an attempt to analyze the role of international organizations in curbing corruption and to underscore significance of international cooperation in solving the matter concerned. Classification-JEL: D73, F53, H83. Keywords: Corruption, Fight against Corruption, International Organizations, International Cooperation, Transparency, Accountability. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197602 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Büyük_ehir Belediyeleri ve Küreselle_me Sürecine Eklemlenmeleri Author-Name: Hürriyet Olgun Abstract: The public services being given by the state, has been the major principle behind the founding and structural establishment of Nation-State of Turkey. This structure has been modified by the neo-liberal policies that were applied along with the process of globalization since the 1980 s. Privatization was used as the main tool for this modification. Global organizations and their extensions being the international/multinational/supernational giant corporations and their local partners have taken their role with privatization. Therefore, the municipalities have been involved in and bolted with globalization process at the national economy scale as much as the local level. Classification-JEL: F01, F02, F13, F15, F23, F33, F53, G2, G20, G21, H7, H72, H76, H8, H81, H83, O1, O16, O19, R, R0, R53. Keywords: Capital, Corporation, Global, Globalization, International, Liberal, Multinational, Municipality, Nation-State, Neoliberal, Supernational, World Bank. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197603 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bilgi Üretenlerin Zor Seçimi: Mutlak Dorular, Mütevaz1 Develer Author-Name: Can Murat Alpaslan Abstract: I use Gödel s incompleteness theorem to suggest that the search for absolute truths will be enhanced if the seeker of absolute truths accepts modestly that the results of this search will either produce inconsistent truths or remain incomplete. This implies that one of the most important goals the truth-seeker must try to accomplish is to build a complete and consistent system. Such a system will become more complete as it includes an increasing number of truths and more consistent when it does not value all truths equally. Classification-JEL: C00, Z00. Keywords: Gödel, Incompleteness Theorem. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197604 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Maastricht Antla_mas1 Yak1nla_ma Kriterleri Çerçevesinde Bütçe Disiplini ve Türkiye ile 0lgili Bir Kar_1la_t1rma Author-Name: Deniz Aytaç Abstract: It is known that Turkey has to achieve some financial conditions in addition to the conditions on political and economic area to be a full member to European Union (EU) for which Turkey has been trying for more than 40 years. The primary condition of fiscal policy is the budgetary discipline which was determined by the Maastricht Treaty. It needs some time to adopt the EU budget discipline that is based on to limit the public debt and budget deficit. On that point, Turkey is tried to be determined and be evaluated how much it achieves those conditions with compare to its current financial structure in terms of public debt, interest expenditure and budget deficit. Classification-JEL: H69, H63, H5, H62. Keywords: Budgetary Discipline, Public Debt, Interest Expenditure Budget Deficits, Convergence Criteria s. Issue: 2006-2 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197605 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yükseköretim Karma Mal1n1n Nitelii ve Finansman1 Üzerine Author-Name: Zuhal Ergen Abstract: The state is defined as the most authorized organization and has a major role in satisfying social demands and needs. The failure of the free market system because of its limitations, especially in the production and procurement of the public goods and services, often causes the state to be the only authority.Some of the difficulties emerging especially in the financing of educational services and particularly in the higher education (defined as semi-public goods), necessitates the contributions of those who benefit from these services, and contribution from private funds. The purpose of this study is examine public goods theory and methods of financing higher education in a global scope first, and the than analyze the existing methods and conditions of higher education financing in Turkey. Classification-JEL: H44, H52, I20, I22, I29, J24. Keywords: Higher Education, Financing of Higher Education, Mixed Goods. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197589 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 2000 Kas1m ve 2001 ^ubat Krizlerinin Sermaye Piyasas1 Arac1l1k Sektörüne Etkileri Author-Name: Mustafa Gümü_ Abstract: The concept of crisis, which may be defined as the sudden and unexpected rise of a condition has been very common in the financial field lately. While inter-related economical structures because the crises extend within the country, the financial liberalization causes international financial crisis. In Turkey confronted economical crisis for various reasons in 1994. November 2000 and February 2001. These crises affected the banks as well as the brokerage houses in a very negative way. There are many studies and investigations on the responses of the banking sector towards these crises and the degree of how much they have been affected from such crises. However there is no sufficient study about the intermediation sector (sector). From this point of view the responses of brokerage houses to the crisis, the degree of how much they have been affected from these crisis have been studied based basically on financial structures, and the effects of the crisis on the functional structure of intermediary institutes and the sector has been investigated. Classification-JEL: G24. Keywords: Brokerage House, Financial Crisis, Capital Adequacy, Crisis, Capital Market. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197590 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dorusal Olas1l1k ve Logit Modelleri ile Parametre Tahmini Author-Name: M. Emin 0nal Author-Name: Dervi_ Topuz Author-Name: Okyay Uçan Abstract: The role of categorical (dummy) variables in regression modelling is investigated in this study. In this respect, it is shown, based on linear probability model and logit model, to what extent the values of dependent dummy variables change with respect to the values of independent variables. The study aims at determining the probability that the students complete their university programs within the period of four years with respect to their scores from the quantitative section in the Turkish University Placement Test (OYS). Classification-JEL: C1, C5, C6. Keywords: Linear Probability, Logit Model, Regression. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197591 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: D1_ Borçlanmaya Teorik Bir Bak1_ ve D1_ Borçlar1n Ekonomik Etkileri Author-Name: Murat ^eker Abstract: External borrowing is a source of financing that especially developing countries which have low economic performance and scantiness of resources apply. Developing countries and developed countries have tried to raise their national economies with external borrowing for years. But some of countries could use external debt actively, some of them couldn t use. In this work, external borrowing will be examined with theoretical framework. Classification-JEL: H00, H63, O10, O11. Keywords: External Debt, Debt Burden, Economic Development. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197592 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Integrating the Informal Sector into the Formal Economy: Some Policy Implications Author-Name: Vuslat Us Abstract: This study presents a survey of studies on informal sector with special emphasis on country experiences on integration of informal economic activities. Informal sector is a controversial topic since for many scholars, informal economic activities distort economy while according to others, it may contribute to economic growth. Yet, there is a growing consensus on the necessity to promote the informal sector on account of its importance with respect to employment and poverty issues alike. The previous experiences on integrating informal sector into the formal economy show that formalization schemes are not guaranteed from the viewpoint of the organized sectors, but rather by the benefits that access to formality may bring in fostering the development of informal activities and the relevant parties. Yet, oversight campaigns targeting informal activities are often overrated by the need to widen the tax base, cut down on tax evasion and punish illegality. In the Turkish economy context, the low levels of tax revenues despite high tax rates suggest that Turkish economy is on the right side of the Laffer curve. Therefore policymakers should seek ways to extend the tax base. Classification-JEL: E26, H21, H26, O17. Keywords: Informal Sector, Integration, Employment, Poverty, Turkish Economy, Laffer Curve. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197593 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Afganistan Vergi Mevzuat1 ve Türk Müteahhitlik Firmalar1 Üzerindeki Etkisi Author-Name: Vedat Acar Abstract: Turkish construction companies have been performing in many regions of the world. For contractor companies, after market potentials of these regions, the most important issue is the laws and regulations and especially tax legislations. Because of this, examination of Afghanistan Tax Legislation and the last changes on Tax Laws are of vital importance for our companies constructing all over Afghanistan. Along with The Income Tax Law which has changed in March 20, 2004, many exemptions are abolished by the tax authorities and on November 26, 2005 the Income Tax Law was transformed into its current conditions. Detailed information regarding the related tax legislation and its possible effects on Turkish companies will be explained. Classification-JEL: F21, F23, M13, M41. Keywords: Afghanistan Tax Legislation, Taxation of Corporate Income, Taxation of Wages and Salaries, Effects on Turkish Construction Companies. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197594 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bir 0kilemin Belirsizliindeki Bilim: Bilim 0nsan 0çin Özne Midir, Nesne Midir? Author-Name: Timuçin Yalç1nkaya Abstract: Today in our social order, we discuss the concept of  information society . The reason of this discussion is that the knowledge and information are the key components in human behavior. Science that is the most efficient way for learning in the social order is discussed in the perspective of post-modernism. And the discussions are focused on how the function of science is and how this function should be. In this respect, all over the world, especially in under-developed countries, science should be placed in focus of the social form by a social policy. Classification-JEL: A14, Z0, Z1. Keywords: Life, Human, Science, Scientist, Social Policy. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197595 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Küreselle_me Kavram1 ve 0çeriine Genel Bir Bak1_ Author-Name: Hürriyet Olgun Abstract: Often voiced together with phrases like  New World Order and  Global Village , globalization is one of the most controversial discussion topics in Turkey and the world, today. Having examined the stages of globalization, the policies that accompany it, the active and passive factors that contribute to it, nowadays one can observe that international capital and inter-national companies go side by side and borrowing and being ordered are not consecutive events, hence they are synchronized events in terms of time. Classification-JEL: F00, F15, F59 Keywords: Globalization, International Capital, International Company, New World Order. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197596 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060108 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Genel 0_lem Ko_ullar1 Meselesi ve Borçlar Kanunu Tasar1s1n1n Genel 0_lem Ko_ullar1na Yönelik Olarak Getirdikleri Author-Name: Çalar Özel Abstract: Prevailing understanding of establishing contracts through offer and acceptance and mutual negotiation between parties has been abandoned. It has been replaced by the understanding of massive or formulary contracts that are composed of general transaction stipulations. There is no common provision in Turkish Law of Obligation that rules general transaction stipulations. However, unjust stipulations in contracts are prevented through an appended clause in the Code about Protecting Consumers in 2003. In addition to this, a new draft has been prepared for modernizing Turkish Code of Obligation, and the draft includes 6 clauses ruling general transaction stipulations. In this study, the new amendments ruling general transaction stipulations in the draft are discussed. Classification-JEL: K12. Keywords: Turkish Code of Obligation, General Transaction Stipulations, Establishing Contracts, Unjust Stipulations in Contracts. Issue: 2006-1 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197597 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:060109 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Comparison of the Effects of the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island Nuclear Accidents on the U.S. Electric Utility Industry Author-Name: 0smail Aktar Abstract: We examined the stock market reaction to two nuclear accidents, the Three Mile Island incident and the Chernobyl disaster. We were interested in determining whether the negative stock market reaction following these events was consistently related to the level of nuclear exposure by each firm and whether the negative reaction was reasonably linked to human safety concerns. Prior research has shown that following TMI, but anomalously not Chernobyl, firms with the more nuclear capacity experienced larger stock price declines. Moreover, the link of safety to stock market reaction has not been investigated for either accident. Firms with higher nuclear exposure and already in trouble with NRC lost more than others in stock market. Likewise, firms having nuclear reactors close to populated cities lost more in stock market. Classification-JEL: G14, E44, D23. Keywords: Event Study, Nuclear Accidents, Electric Utility Stocks. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197580 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050201 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Geli_mekte Olan Ülkeler ve Parasal Kriz Teorileri Üzerine Baz1 Deerlendirmeler Author-Name: Ömer Emirkad1 Abstract: From 1980 s the economic policies which is based on the deregulation process of the capital accounts especially facing the developing countries with the financial crisis threat. Besides, the financial crises in the developing countries have negative influence on lots of macroeconomic indicators such as growth, inflation and unemployment. In this study, the effective financial crises on the developing countries and Turkey s economy are evaluated with an historical view point. Classification-JEL: F3, F32, F33, F34 Keywords: Currency Crisis, Developing Countries, Turkey. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197581 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050202 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türk Sigorta Sektöründe Ölçek Ekonomilerinin Deerlendirilmesi: E_bütünle_me Analizi Author-Name: Fatih Yücel Author-Name: Melek Akdoan Abstract: In the world economy having an increased and an intensified competition atmosphere, mergers and acquisition activities are gaining importance. Companies are considering creating new economic advantages such as reducing their costs and providing market promotions and competition according to their scales. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the scale of the sector in the frames of an econometric analysis using general expenditures and total premium amount data s which belong to the years 1971-2003 of Turkish Insurance Sector; and it has been discussed whether or not these merger and acquisition activities are appropriate in the structure of this scale. Classification-JEL: K12. Keywords: Insurance Sector, Scale Economies, Co integration Test, Unit Root Test. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197582 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050203 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Polonya ve Estonya n1n Sektörel Rekabet Gücü ve D1_ Ticaret Yap1s1 Üzerine Kar_1la_t1rmal1 Bir Analiz Author-Name: Levent KÖSEKAHYAOLU Author-Name: Gökhan ÖZDAMAR Abstract: Following the accession of ten new members to the European Union (EU) in May, 2004, the discussions about Turkey s new competitive position with regard to a larger EU, have become even more prominent in both Europe and Turkey. So far, the main framework of these discussions has revolved around the issues related to Turkey s ability to fulfill Maastricht convergence criteria and possible date for the full membership to the EU. However, in order to assess Turkey s adjustment competence, recent studies follow a rather different and more cautious approach towards Turkey s membership process by underlying the importance of factors, such as, sustainable economic growth, stable competitive strength and innovative economic structure. It is correctly argued by the new approach that, the most crucial element in Turkey s European challenge will be Turkey s ability to survive in increasingly more competitive global atmosphere. The main motivation behind this work, therefore, is to evaluate Turkey s recent position with regard to new members of the EU and to provide some meaningful suggestions for a strategic trade policy. Classification-JEL: F10, F14, O57. Keywords: International Competitiveness, Turkey-EU Foreign Trade, Revealed Comparative Advantage, Comparative Export Performance. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197583 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050204 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An Assessment of Turkey s Integration to European Union Author-Name: Vuslat Us Abstract: The European Commission has released its report on Turkey, which assesses the accession of Turkey to the European Union. The European Commission recommended starting accession negotiations with Turkey provided that certain key legislation, which is in preparation, enters into force. While convinced that the accession process will be essential in guiding further reforms in Turkey, the Commission also underlined that accession negotiations are by its nature an open-ended process. Therefore, the prospect of accession, while challenging for the European Union and Turkey, is expected to offer important opportunities for both if it is well managed. Furthermore, the report also stated that the necessary preparations for accession would last into the next decade, thereby, also requiring that the European Union would evolve over this period, and Turkey should change even more radically. The acquis communitaire, i.e. the whole body of EU policies and legislation, will develop further and respond to the needs of European Union with 27 members or more. Its development may also induce even more challenges and opportunities for Turkey. This study therefore assesses these challenges and opportunities from the standpoint of the Union. Classification-JEL: F13, F33, F42. Keywords: European Commission, European Union, Accession, Acquis Communitaire. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197584 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050205 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Otomotiv Sektörü D1_ Ticaretinin Geli_imi Author-Name: Okyay Uçan Abstract: Although there are important studies about development of foreign trade of Turkish Automotive Sector, these studies are limited in their content and subject. This paper s aim is to observe and evaluate the foreign trade of the automotive sector in Turkey. In addition to this, using the datas of the Automotive Sector Society (OSD), hand-made tables are considered and it is aimed to give information to consumers and producers. Classification-JEL: C12. C20. F14. F23. Keywords: Automotive Sector, Import of Automotive Sector, Export of Automotive Sector. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197585 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050206 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sermaye Kaç1_1 Problemi Kar_1s1nda Dei_en Vergileme Anlay1_1 Author-Name: Birol Karakurt Abstract: Globalization involves increasing freedom of capital movement. Free movement of capital and opportunities for geographical dispersion of firms thus create fundamental challenges for tax authorities. High tax rates are more difficult to sustain in the new economic environment. That is particularly true for taxes on capital. In view of this practice capital will move to zero tax rates or the low tax state from the high tax states. That is, high taxation of capital causes capital flight, thus reducing domestic productivity and erode tax base. Given the increasing threat of capital flight, globalization theorist argue that one of the most important competitive strategies available to states to attract and retain capital is to reduce tax burden on individuals and corporations. To avoid capital flight and reducing tax base, countries have to regulate their tax systems inevitable. Therefore, increasing capital mobility has transformed national tax policy. Classification-JEL: E62, F21, H20, H26, H87. Keywords: Capital Mobility, Capital Flight, Taxation. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197586 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050207 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Yoksulluk Sadece Devletin Sorunu Mu? Kamu Harcamalar1 Aç1s1ndan Bir Deerlendirme Author-Name: Asuman Altay Abstract: In general poverty is described as being deprive of some economic, social and cultural rights. However usually it is described as a situation in which there is not enough income. The main institution that produces and applies basic policies to struggle with poverty is the government. On the other hand increasing poverty makes it impossible for the states to be successful  individually- in struggle with the problem. In this study; the phenomenon and concept of poverty, and its elements are held within the framework of poverty and public expenditures in Turkey, and programs generally applied by the state to cope with poverty are evaluated. Classification-JEL: I32. I38. E62. H53. Keywords: Poverty, Poverty Measurement, Public Expenditures, Social Aid Programmes. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197587 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050208 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Türkiye de Sosyal Güvenliin Durumu ve Reorganizasyon Aray1_lar1 Author-Name: Ersan Öz Abstract: The aim of social security is to eliminate the risks that affect individuals and to guarantee their well-being in the future. Today, the citizens of the developed countries are protected by the social security institution of their countries. In this study, the current situation and the problems of the Turkish Social Security System is elaborated. Classification-JEL: H55 Keywords: Social Security, Transfer, New Law, Fiscal Discipline, Budget. Issue: 2005-2 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197588 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050209 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Business Cycles in Turkey and European Union Countries: A Perspective to the Membership Author-Name: Hakan Berument Author-Name: Zübeyir K1l1nç Author-Name: Eray M. Yücel Abstract: This article assesses how the business cycles in Turkey coincide with the business cycles of member and candidate countries of the European Union. The evidence provided in the paper suggests that there is a negative linkage between Turkish and European business cycle dynamics when the Turkish crises are included in the data sets. This implies that the timing of the common economic policies of the European Union in order to decrease the volatility of output may actually increase the output volatility, rather than to decrease, for Turkey. On the other hand, when only the non-crises data of Turkey is employed, a pro-cyclical linkage is revealed between Turkish and the European economies. This suggests that policies enhancing the macroeconomic stability and preventing crises are crucial for healthier synchronization of the Turkish economy with its EU counterparts. Classification-JEL: E32,E23, F42 Keywords: Business Cycles, Economic Integration, and European Union Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197572 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050101 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Role Education in Economic Development Author-Name: Naz1m Öztürk Abstract: One of the most important factors which determine economic, social and political development level of countries is education. Besides education provides to people special benefits, education has an important role in economic development of countries because it creates externalities from the point of view social aspect. Poverty of skilled labor is overcome and scientific and technologic innovations gain speed when training level of people goes up. As the result of labor productivity raises, level of national income increases rapidly and created income is distributed more fairly. Return speed of investments in education are higher than return speed of investments in physical capital because of administration becomes more democratic, providing economic and political stability gets easier and criminal rates decreases in communities that education level increased. Because the expenditures, related to education, create remaining yield as investment expenditures in the long term, make economic development gain speed. In this study, education had what an evolution period in economic thought system and why investments in education are important from view of economic were explained. The role of education in economic development was analyzed by describing the theories on subject of economic role of education. Classification-JEL: A20, D62, H41, I20, I21, J24, O10. Keywords: Economic Development, Human Capital Theory, Screening Hypothesis, Queue Hypothesis, Dual Labor Market Theory, Economics of Education Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197573 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050102 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: New Political Elites in Modern Democrasies,Think tanks and Their Roles in Politics Author-Name: Fatih Keskin Abstract:The activities and influences of consultants and experts in the field of politics have been under debate since the post-war era. On one side of the debates is pluralism, while on the other is the new elites theory based on power elite network partially criticising pluralism. When the power elite network is compared with pluralism, it presents a more explanatory framework on think tanks and their roles as political consultancy institutions. Classification-JEL: P16, L1, M3 Keywords: Think tanks, Political Consulting,Pluralist Theory,New Elites Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197574 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050103 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ekofeminizm: Kad1n-Doa 0li_kisi ve Ataerkillik Author-Name: Oya Beklân Çetin Abstract: Ecofeminist analysis of environmental problems is the most challenging argument to the other environmental outlooks. Ecofeminism, as a combination of different feminist approaches by environmental perspectives envisions twin oppression of women and nature. The aim of this study is to examine the basic premises of Ecofeminism, and solutions to environmental problems proposed by Ecofeminist perspective. Classification-JEL: A12, A14, D62, Z12, Q56, Q57 Keywords: Ecofeminism, Women-Nature Connection, Patriarchy Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197575 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050104 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Avrupa Birlii Kimlii ve Türkiye'nin Birlie Kat1l1m1n1n Yarataca1 Jeopolitik Boyutlar Author-Name: M. Zeki DUMAN Abstract: In this article, the beginning point is the statement that European Union is a Christian club while the main question is what is the European Union identity and what Turkey gains in terms of strategic potential of Turkey in case of EU integration. In addition, this article proposes to discuss the argument that EU- Turkey integration period should not be evaluated in terms of dicatomy of loose and gains and propose that all approaches in this perspective is incomplete and not objective. This article also approaches to this subject in a comprehensive perspective since any relationship requires reciprocal dependency. Classification-JEL: N44, Z19, D73 Keywords: Europe (an), Identity, Integration Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197576 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050105 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Analysis of the Economic and Demographic Incentive System in Israel Author-Name: Akram Rahhal Abstract: State of Israel had been declared on Palestine at May 15,1948. The new state was established between Arab societies which have different traditions, customs and religions. For developing its economy in this strange environment, Israel offer many incentives for Jews and Non-Jews investors to invest in. At the same time, Israel try to make a demographic balance between Arabs and Jews in Occupied Palestine by emptying Palestine from Palestinian and replace them by Jewish immigrants from around the world using various incentive policies. The main obstacle faced Israeli economy is the political stability which is absence in Palestine. This paper analysed the economic, demographic balance policies and other incentives in detail. Classification-JEL: F10, P11, J16 Keywords: Investment Incentives, Approved Enterprise, Incentives for Fertility, Palestinian Refugees, Israeli Settlements, Jews immigration Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197577 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050106 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: 2001 Krizi Sonras1 Dönemde Türkiye Ekonomisinin Ve Bankac1l1k Sektörünün Deerlendirilmesi Author-Name: Ali ihsan Y00TOLU Abstract: The 2001 economic crises created series effects on Turkish economy and banking sector. After the period of the crises, new economic program and international economic conditions have affected positively both macro economic indicators and financial system. On the other hand, structral economic problems have continued to create risk on economic system and banking system. In this framework, the aim of this work is to evaluate the macro economic structure and banking system after the period of the 2001 economic crises. Classification-JEL: E31, E44, F02, F15, F32, F36 Keywords: Banking Sector, Financial Crises, Turkish Economy Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197578 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050107 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Avrupa Birlii Sürecinde Türk Kamu Mali Yönetiminin Yeniden Yap1land1r1lmas1: Çok Y1ll1 Bütçelemenin Uygulanabilirlii Author-Name: Ahmet KES0K Abstract: Important developments in the restructuring of public financial management systems are taking place around the world. Governments engage in substantial efforts to ensure the prominence of effectiveness, economy and efficiency in the utilization of existing public resources and to increase the quality of rendering public services. In effect, what lies in the basis of these developments is the fact that fiscal discipline approach has become the basic element of fiscal policies. As a natural outcome of this, momentous changes occur in the public financial management systems over the recent years around the world and in Turkey, and new approaches are developing in the utilization of public resources, establishment of policy-plan-budget link in order to realize the aforementioned goals. In the realization of the goal of basing budgets on pre-determined policy and plans, multi-year budgeting stands out as an important instrument. This study emphasizes the efforts of transformation in public financial management systems around the world and in Turkey and elaborates on the approach of multi-year budgeting both in theoretical terms and within the framework of the experience of Turkey in this respect. Classification-JEL: D61, E62, H61, H83,O21 Keywords: Allocative Efficiency, Fiscal Policy, Budget, Public Administration, Planning Policy. Issue: 2005-1 Year: 2005 File-URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/197579 Handle: Repec:sos:sosjrn:050108